Doç. Dr. Dilek Fidan | Kocaeli University (original) (raw)

Papers by Doç. Dr. Dilek Fidan

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretiminde Derlem Tabanlı Okuma Metni Denemesi: Gece Kuşları (A1-A2)

BUGU Dil ve Egitim Dergisi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenen başlangıç düzeyi (A1-A2) öğrenicileri ... more Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenen başlangıç düzeyi (A1-A2) öğrenicileri için metinsellik ölçütlerine uygun, okunabilir, okunaklı, öğrenmeye yardımcı ve alanda var olan kaynaklardan farklı olarak birden fazla sonu olup öğrenicinin, hikâyenin akışına göre seçim yapıp okumaya devam etmesini sağlamak üzere kurgulanmış bir okuma materyaliyle ilgili verileri paylaşmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, "Gece Kuşları" adında derlem tabanlı bir hikâye metni oluşturulup zayıf deneysel desenlerden "tek grup öntestsontest modeli" ile metin A1, A2 ve B1 düzeylerindeki öğrenicilere (N: 132) uygulanmış ve elde edilen bulguların nitel ve nicel değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Bu değerlendirmelerde, cinsiyet, yaş ve kur düzeyi değişkenleri temel alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Gece Kuşları metni, öğrenicilerin okuma tutumlarında istek (p> .004), fayda (p> .008), kaygı (p> .021) boyutlarında olumlu yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişmeler tespit edilmesinin yanı sıra metne karşı olumsuz görüş geliştirmedikleri görülmüştür. Metni okuma-anlamada kadınların, istatistiksel olarak erkeklerden daha başarılı oldukları; yaş değişkeninin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı ve dil düzeyi açısından en başarılı grubun sırasıyla B1, A2 ve A1 düzeyi öğrenicileri olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, "Gece Kuşları" metninin, hedeflendiği gibi metinsellik ölçütlerini karşılayan; okuyucu tarafından hangi son ("Gri Şapka"' ya da "Kırmızı Elbise") seçilirse seçilsin, hedef okuyucu kitlesi olan A1 ve A2 öğrenicilerinin düzeylerine uygun, "okuması kolay bir metin" olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Research paper thumbnail of Yabancılara Akademik Türkçe Öğretiminde İhtiyaçlar ve Çözüm Önerileri

Uluslararası Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretimi Dergisi, 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1-2 Haziran 2023 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilen Yabancılara Akademik Türkçe Ö... more Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1-2 Haziran 2023 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilen Yabancılara Akademik Türkçe Öğretimi Çalıştayı'nda, Türkçenin akademik dil olarak öğretilmesiyle ilgili ele alınan konularla ilgili görüşlere ve çözüm önerilerine ait verileri sınıflandırıp raporlanmasıdır. Çalıştay’da ele alınan konular, akademik Türkçe eğitiminde materyaller; ölçme ve değerlendirme; okuma ve yazma becerilerinin öğretimi; konuşma ve dinleme becerilerinin öğretimi; dilbilgisinin ve sözvarlığının öğretimi; müfredat ve farkındalıktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi ilkeleri doğrultusunda akademik Türkçe eğitimi ve öğretiminde sorun olan farklı konulardaki çalışma kümelerinin fikir tepsisi yöntemi ile ele aldığı konu başlıklarından çıkan sonuç raporları incelenmiş, değerlendirilmiş ve ele alınan tüm konulara ait sonuç özeti hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin incelenmesi sonucunda, Akademik Türkçe derslerindeki sorunların temelinde bir ''Akademik Türkçe Öğretim Programı''nın olmamasının; ders içeriklerinde, materyallerde, ölçme ve değerlendirmede de bir standardın yakalanamamasına neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to classify and report data regarding the views and solution proposals related to teaching Turkish as an academic language, discussed at the Workshop on Teaching Academic Turkish to Foreigners held on June 1-2, 2023. The topics addressed at the workshop include materials for academic Turkish education; assessment and evaluation; teaching reading and writing skills; teaching speaking and listening skills; teaching grammar and vocabulary; curriculum and awareness. Using principles of document analysis as qualitative research methods, the study examines and evaluates the outcome reports of various topics addressed through the idea tray method (brainstorming method) in academic Turkish education and teaching. Ultimately, it is revealed that the lack of an "Academic Turkish Teaching Cirriculum" is at the core of the problems in Academic Turkish courses, leading to a lack of consistency in course content, materials, assessment, and evaluation.

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçe Ezgi̇ Örüntüsünde Duygudurum Ve Söz Edi̇mi̇ Görünümü

... Dilek Fidan Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. İclâl Ergenç Ankara–2007 Bu çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi ... more ... Dilek Fidan Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. İclâl Ergenç Ankara–2007 Bu çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje No:2005-09-01-022). ... Doktora Tezi Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. clâl Ergenç Tez Jürisi Üyeleri Adı ve Soyadı İmzası ...

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçeni̇n Yabanci Di̇l Olarak Öğreti̇mi̇ Ders Ki̇taplarindaki̇ Di̇lbi̇lgi̇si̇ Konulari Ve Öğretmen- Öğreni̇ci̇ Görüşleri̇

Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 2016

The subject of this study is the course books of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The aim ... more The subject of this study is the course books of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The aim of the study is to describe and compare the contents of these books in terms of grammar and to evaluate the teachers' and learners' opinions in order to see how these contents affect learning and teaching processes. Karababa (2009; 276), emphasize that the course books and equipments in teaching Turkish as a foreign language are not adequate with regard to the needs and the levels of learners. She states that the insufficiency of the works on Turkish grammar and the descriptions cause inefficiency in course books as well. Success in language policies depend on the efficiency of the course books, used in educational environments and it will also facilitate the job of the teachers and learners, affecting the learning positively. Although Turkish course books, which are analyzed with document analysis method in the present study, are classified according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (Council of Europe, 2001), it is observed that there is not a standardization between the language levels and the grammar subjects. That is to say, there is not a common usage of grammatical terms, which leads to problems for students. There is an urgent need of some common criteria to be determined with a leading institution. There are also differences in the amount and the way of the grammar books, as well as the mistakes within them. Teachers mostly believe that B1 level grammar teaching should be given more importance and 50% of them think that course books they use are not enough. Almost all of the teachers indicate that they (91,3%) use some supplementary materials. Other statements of teachers and students about grammar topics are also classified and presented in the findings section. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT 1.Introduction Course books are among the most important instruments-as much as teacher, native language, motivation, and personal and cultural characteristics in terms of achieving language-learning goals in teaching a new language. Therefore, the quality of course book is crucial in achieving success in the language policies both of institutions and of countries. As a consequence, course books should facilitate the educator's and learner's learning/teaching process, influence learning positively and be appropriate to the level of the learner. Despite the ongoing debate over the how much grammar should be taught in language-teaching environments, a language-teaching process without any grammar teaching would be unlikely. No matter how much communication-oriented teaching is done, it is not possible to exclude grammar teaching from the language-teaching environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretimi Ders Kitaplarındaki Dilbilgisi Konuları ve

Turkish studies, 2016

The subject of this study is the course books of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The aim ... more The subject of this study is the course books of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The aim of the study is to describe and compare the contents of these books in terms of grammar and to evaluate the teachers' and learners' opinions in order to see how these contents affect learning and teaching processes. Karababa (2009; 276), emphasize that the course books and equipments in teaching Turkish as a foreign language are not adequate with regard to the needs and the levels of learners. She states that the insufficiency of the works on Turkish grammar and the descriptions cause inefficiency in course books as well. Success in language policies depend on the efficiency of the course books, used in educational environments and it will also facilitate the job of the teachers and learners, affecting the learning positively. Although Turkish course books, which are analyzed with document analysis method in the present study, are classified according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (Council of Europe, 2001), it is observed that there is not a standardization between the language levels and the grammar subjects. That is to say, there is not a common usage of grammatical terms, which leads to problems for students. There is an urgent need of some common criteria to be determined with a leading institution. There are also differences in the amount and the way of the grammar books, as well as the mistakes within them. Teachers mostly believe that B1 level grammar teaching should be given more importance and 50% of them think that course books they use are not enough. Almost all of the teachers indicate that they (91,3%) use some supplementary materials. Other statements of teachers and students about grammar topics are also classified and presented in the findings section. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT 1.Introduction Course books are among the most important instruments-as much as teacher, native language, motivation, and personal and cultural characteristics in terms of achieving language-learning goals in teaching a new language. Therefore, the quality of course book is crucial in achieving success in the language policies both of institutions and of countries. As a consequence, course books should facilitate the educator's and learner's learning/teaching process, influence learning positively and be appropriate to the level of the learner. Despite the ongoing debate over the how much grammar should be taught in language-teaching environments, a language-teaching process without any grammar teaching would be unlikely. No matter how much communication-oriented teaching is done, it is not possible to exclude grammar teaching from the language-teaching environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Teacher Questions and their Functions in Turkish as a Foreign Language (TFL) Classes

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013

Discursive structure of foreign language classes has been a widely studied issue lately. With inc... more Discursive structure of foreign language classes has been a widely studied issue lately. With increasing focus on such theories as sociocultural theory and interactionist hypothesis, the importance of participation to language acquisition has become more significant. The aim of this study is to identify the types and functions of teacher questions in Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) classroom. The data of this study consist of 10 hours of classroom discourse in B2 level TFL classrooms. The analysis was carried out with the help of the classification of teacher questions in ESL classrooms made by Long and Sato (1983), which includes echoic (comprehension checks, clarification requests, and confirmation checks) and epistemic questions (referential, display, expressive and rhetorical questions). The findings of the study indicated that the majority of the questions in the data set belong to epistemic questions and under the title of epistemic questions; the most commonly used question type is display questions and under the title of echoic questions; the most commonly used question type is confirmation checks.

Research paper thumbnail of Söz Edimi Kuramına Genel Bir Bakış ve Eğitim Ortamlarında Kullanımı: Diksiyon De

Turkish studies, 2017

The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define... more The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define how to use this theory in educational settings and specifically to propose an activity for the diction courses, which are offered as selective courses. In accordance with this purpose, the aspect of the period, which starts with Austin (1962) and continues with Searle (1969, 1989) is explained. The speech act theory explains how certain acts are formed in certain contexts while in some utterances speech act verbs are explicitly used and in some utterances speech act verbs are not explicitly used. At this point, correctly coding and analyzing the communication between receiver and transmitter is rest upon the correctly explication of the speech act in question no matter if it is in written or verbal linguistic performance. If the same fact coded linguistically in different forms, different linguistic values appear. Therefore, if all the candidate teachers in education faculties have information about the theory, the quality of the communication that they will establish with their students will be increased and it will provide/support students to internalize the fineness of speech act theory, as well. The speech act contexts of request, apology, compliment, rejection, and complaint that are prepared as an example activity to be used in diction courses will assist to understand the aspects of the theory in practice. On the other hand, it is thought that it will be useful to add some course contents the topics like 'Speech Act Theory in Written/Oral Communication', 'Speech Acts in Written/Oral Communication'...etc. at the education faculties, especially at the Programmes of Turkish Language Teaching.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of the types of error, proficiency level of the learners and nature of the recasts on the uptake of learners

Educational research and reviews, Oct 23, 2017

This current study examined the effects of the type of errors learners make (that is, phonologica... more This current study examined the effects of the type of errors learners make (that is, phonological, lexical and grammar), proficiency level of the learners (that is, A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1) and nature of the recasts (that is, long and short) on the uptake of the learners. The data of this study came from the video-recordings of A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1-level of Turkish as a Second Language (TSL) classes. 60-h data have been transcribed and analyzed by the researchers. Here, qualitative methods of data collection was employed in this multi-case research along with quantitative methods of data analysis, when necessary, to examine the relations between and among the constructs. Analysis of the study revealed that the learners had a higher percentage of uptake rate against phonological errors (with significant difference); C1 level learners had the highest percentage of the uptake rate (with significant difference) and long recasts yielded a higher percentage of the uptake (but with no significant difference between recast types). Thereafter, findings of this research are compared with those of other prominent studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Learners preferences of oral corrective feedback: An example of Turkish as a foreign language learners

Educational research and reviews, May 10, 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learner... more The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learners of Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) in order to understand whether they would like their errors to be corrected and, if so, when, which of them, how and by whom they would like to be corrected in the classroom environment. A questionnaire with multiple choices, adapted from the review of Hendrickson (1978), was administered to 165 TFL learners. A total of 141 of the participants were C1 level learners, and 24 of them were B2 level learners. The results show that the vast majority of the participants (97. %) prefer their errors to be corrected, and a smaller majority of them prefer teachers (73.2%) to correct them immediately (58.9%). Just over half (54%) of the participants primarily prefer grammatical errors to be corrected; the most preferred correction strategy (43%) is teachers giving the correct form immediately and the second most preferred correction strategy (21.2%) is teachers repeating the erroneous part of the utterance.

Research paper thumbnail of Söz Edi̇mi̇ Kuramina Genel Bi̇r Bakiş Ve Eği̇ti̇m Ortamlarinda Kullanimi: Di̇ksi̇yon Dersleri̇ İçi̇n Bi̇r Etki̇nli̇k Denemesi̇

Turkish Studies, 2017

The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define... more The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define how to use this theory in educational settings and specifically to propose an activity for the diction courses, which are offered as selective courses. In accordance with this purpose, the aspect of the period, which starts with Austin (1962) and continues with Searle (1969, 1989) is explained. The speech act theory explains how certain acts are formed in certain contexts while in some utterances speech act verbs are explicitly used and in some utterances speech act verbs are not explicitly used. At this point, correctly coding and analyzing the communication between receiver and transmitter is rest upon the correctly explication of the speech act in question no matter if it is in written or verbal linguistic performance. If the same fact coded linguistically in different forms, different linguistic values appear. Therefore, if all the candidate teachers in education faculties have information about the theory, the quality of the communication that they will establish with their students will be increased and it will provide/support students to internalize the fineness of speech act theory, as well. The speech act contexts of request, apology, compliment, rejection, and complaint that are prepared as an example activity to be used in diction courses will assist to understand the aspects of the theory in practice. On the other hand, it is thought that it will be useful to add some course contents the topics like 'Speech Act Theory in Written/Oral Communication', 'Speech Acts in Written/Oral Communication'...etc. at the education faculties, especially at the Programmes of Turkish Language Teaching.

Research paper thumbnail of Bu çalışma, Doç. Dr. Dilek Fidan'ın danışmanlığında yapılan ''Sesletim Odaklı Konuşma Modelinin Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğrenen Öğrenicilerin Sesletim Becerilerine Etkisi'' adlı yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir

SESLETİM ODAKLI KONUŞMA MODELİNİN YABANCI DİL OLARAK TÜRKÇE ÖĞRENENLERİN SESLETİM BECERİLERİNE ETKİSİ - The Effect of the Pronunciation-Oriented Speech Model on the Pronunciation Skills of the Learners of Turkish as a Foreign Language, 2023

Konusu yabancı dil öğretiminde sesletim olan bu çalışmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğren... more Konusu yabancı dil öğretiminde sesletim olan bu çalışmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrenicilerin sesletim becerilerini iyileştirmek üzere geliştirilen Sesletim Odaklı Konuşma Modelinin (SOKM), yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen A2 dil düzeyindeki öğrenicilerin Türkçedeki ünlüleri sesletim becerilerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, gerçek deneysel desenlerden öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu seçkisiz desen kullanılarak toplam 25 katılımcıyla çalışılmıştır. Bu katılımcılardan, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden A2 seviyesindeki 15 katılımcı (3 kadın, 12 erkek) deney grubunda, 10 katılımcı (4 kadın, 6 erkek) kontrol grubunda yer almıştır (N: 25). Çalışmaya katılan katılımcılardan, öntestte ve sontestte gördüğü sözcüğü sesletme, dinlediği sözcüğü sesletme (yineleme), görselini gördüğü nesnenin adını söyleme, dikte (duydukları sözcükleri/seslemleri yazma) görevlerini yerine getirmeleri istenmiştir.
Deney grubuna, 5 haftalık (10 saatlik) SOKM eğitimi verilmiştir. Verilen eğitim sonucunda, gördüğü sözcüğü sesletme, dinlediği sözcüğü sesletme (yineleme) ve görselini gördüğü nesnenin adını söyleme görevlerinde öntestle ve sontest arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu ve verilen eğitimin etkili olduğu yani, geliştirilen SOKM'nin sesletme becerisini geliştirmede yararlı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Abstract: The main focus of this study is the pronunciation skills in foreign language teaching. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the Pronunciation Oriented Speech Model (POSM), which was developed to improve the pronunciation skills of the students in Turkish Language Teaching in which the effect of the model on A2 level learners' ability to pronounce vowels in Turkish was investigated. For this purpose, a random design with pretest-posttest-control groups were used. 25 subjects in total participated in the study. Among these 15 subjects, there were 3 females and 12 males were in the experimental group, and 10 subjects (4 females, 6 males) were in the control group (N:25). All of the subjects who learned Turkish as a foreign language (the ones who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily) were at A2 level. The subjects were asked to perform the tasks of pronouncing the word they saw, pronouncing the word they heard (by repeating); saying the name of the object that they saw and dictating (i.e. writing the words/sounds they heard) in the pretest and the posttest. The experimental group had 5 weeks (10 hours) of POSM training. As a result of the training given, it was seen that there was a statistically significant difference between the pretest and the posttest in the tasks of pronouncing the word they saw; pronouncing the word they heard (repeating) and saying the name of the object that they saw. Therefore, it can be argued that the training given was effective. Hence, it was speculated that the developed POSM is useful in improving the pronunciation skills of the learners of Turkish as a Foreign Language.

Research paper thumbnail of Söz Edi̇mi̇ Kuramina Genel Bi̇r Bakiş Ve Eği̇ti̇m Ortamlarinda Kullanimi: Di̇ksi̇yon Dersleri̇ İçi̇n Bi̇r Etki̇nli̇k Denemesi̇

Turkish Studies, 2017

The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define... more The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define how to use this theory in educational settings and specifically to propose an activity for the diction courses, which are offered as selective courses. In accordance with this purpose, the aspect of the period, which starts with Austin (1962) and continues with Searle (1969, 1989) is explained. The speech act theory explains how certain acts are formed in certain contexts while in some utterances speech act verbs are explicitly used and in some utterances speech act verbs are not explicitly used. At this point, correctly coding and analyzing the communication between receiver and transmitter is rest upon the correctly explication of the speech act in question no matter if it is in written or verbal linguistic performance. If the same fact coded linguistically in different forms, different linguistic values appear. Therefore, if all the candidate teachers in education faculties have information about the theory, the quality of the communication that they will establish with their students will be increased and it will provide/support students to internalize the fineness of speech act theory, as well. The speech act contexts of request, apology, compliment, rejection, and complaint that are prepared as an example activity to be used in diction courses will assist to understand the aspects of the theory in practice. On the other hand, it is thought that it will be useful to add some course contents the topics like 'Speech Act Theory in Written/Oral Communication', 'Speech Acts in Written/Oral Communication'...etc. at the education faculties, especially at the Programmes of Turkish Language Teaching.

Research paper thumbnail of TÜRKÇENİN YABANCI DİL OLARAK ÖĞRETİMİNDE DERLEM TABANLI OKUMA METNİ DENEMESİ: GECE KUŞLARI (A1-A2)

BUGU Dil ve Eğitim Dergisi, 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenen başlangıç düzeyi (A1-A2) öğrenicileri ... more Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenen başlangıç düzeyi (A1-A2) öğrenicileri için metinsellik ölçütlerine uygun, okunabilir, okunaklı, öğrenmeye yardımcı ve alanda var olan kaynaklardan farklı olarak birden fazla sonu olup öğrenicinin, hikâyenin akışına göre seçim yapıp okumaya devam etmesini sağlamak üzere kurgulanmış bir okuma materyaliyle ilgili verileri paylaşmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, "Gece Kuşları" adında derlem tabanlı bir hikâye metni oluşturulup zayıf deneysel desenlerden "tek grup öntestsontest modeli" ile metin A1, A2 ve B1 düzeylerindeki öğrenicilere (N: 132) uygulanmış ve elde edilen bulguların nitel ve nicel değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Bu değerlendirmelerde, cinsiyet, yaş ve kur düzeyi değişkenleri temel alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Gece Kuşları metni, öğrenicilerin okuma tutumlarında istek (p> .004), fayda (p> .008), kaygı (p> .021) boyutlarında olumlu yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişmeler tespit edilmesinin yanı sıra metne karşı olumsuz görüş geliştirmedikleri görülmüştür. Metni okuma-anlamada kadınların, istatistiksel olarak erkeklerden daha başarılı oldukları; yaş değişkeninin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı ve dil düzeyi açısından en başarılı grubun sırasıyla B1, A2 ve A1 düzeyi öğrenicileri olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, "Gece Kuşları" metninin, hedeflendiği gibi metinsellik ölçütlerini karşılayan; okuyucu tarafından hangi son ("Gri Şapka"' ya da "Kırmızı Elbise") seçilirse seçilsin, hedef okuyucu kitlesi olan A1 ve A2 öğrenicilerinin düzeylerine uygun, "okuması kolay bir metin" olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to share the data of a reading material, which is compatible with the standards of textuality, readable, legible, helpful to learning, and, differently from the existing resources in the field, has multiple endings that will enable the learner to choose according to the flow of the story and continue reading, for beginner level (A1-A2) language learners who learn Turkish as a foreign language. Following this purpose, a corpus-based story text named “Nighthawks” (Gece Kuşları) was created and the text was applied to the learners at A1, A2, and B1 levels (N: 132) by using the “one-group pretest- posttest model”, one of the weak experimental designs, and the qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the findings were carried out. These evaluations were based on the variables of gender, age, and course level. According to the findings obtained, it was observed that the text “Gece Kuşları” positively caused statistically significant changes in the reading attitudes of the learners in terms of desire (p> .004), benefit (p> .008), and anxiety (p> .021), while the learners did not develop negative opinions about the text. It was also noticed that women were statistically more successful than men in reading and comprehending the text, the age variable was not statistically significant, and the most successful groups in terms of the language level were B1, A2, and A1 learners, respectively. Consequently, it was proved that the text “Gece Kuşları” meets the textuality criteria as intended and it is a reader-friendly text which is appropriate for the levels of A1 and A2 learners as its target readers, no matter which ending (“Grey Hat” or “Red Dress”) is chosen by the reader.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of the Types of Error, Proficiency Level of the Learners and Nature of the Recasts on the Uptake of Learners

This current study examined the effects of the type of errors learners make (that is, phonologica... more This current study examined the effects of the type of errors learners make (that is, phonological, lexical and grammar), proficiency level of the learners (that is, A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1) and nature of the recasts (that is, long and short) on the uptake of the learners. The data of this study came from the video-recordings of A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1-level of Turkish as a Second Language (TSL) classes. 60-h data have been transcribed and analyzed by the researchers. Here, qualitative methods of data collection was employed in this multi-case research along with quantitative methods of data analysis, when necessary, to examine the relations between and among the constructs. Analysis of the study revealed that the learners had a higher percentage of uptake rate against phonological errors (with significant difference); C1 level learners had the highest percentage of the uptake rate (with significant difference) and long recasts yielded a higher percentage of the uptake (but with no sign...

Research paper thumbnail of Phonetic complexity and stuttering in Turkish-speaking children who stutter

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 2021

ABSTRACT The relationship between stuttering and phonetic complexity for words spoken by Turkish ... more ABSTRACT The relationship between stuttering and phonetic complexity for words spoken by Turkish children who stutter was investigated. The research questions were: (1) Do Turkish-speaking children stutter more on unbound content words than on unbound function words? (2) Do Turkish-speaking children stutter more on words with higher phonetic complexity scores? Twenty-one monolingual children aged 6–11 years who had a clinical diagnosis of stuttering participated. Speech samples were transcribed and lexical categories determined. Phonetic complexity was assessed by an adaptation of Index of Phonetic Complexity (IPC) for Turkish. Results revealed that the mean rank of unbound content words differed significantly from the mean rank of unbound function words and that stuttering frequency for unbound content words was significantly higher than for unbound function words.

Research paper thumbnail of Learners preferences of oral corrective feedback: An example of Turkish as a foreign language learners

Educational Research and Reviews, 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learner... more The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learners of Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) in order to understand whether they would like their errors to be corrected and, if so, when, which of them, how and by whom they would like to be corrected in the classroom environment. A questionnaire with multiple choices, adapted from the review of Hendrickson (1978), was administered to 165 TFL learners. A total of 141 of the participants were C1 level learners, and 24 of them were B2 level learners. The results show that the vast majority of the participants (97. %) prefer their errors to be corrected, and a smaller majority of them prefer teachers (73.2%) to correct them immediately (58.9%). Just over half (54%) of the participants primarily prefer grammatical errors to be corrected; the most preferred correction strategy (43%) is teachers giving the correct form immediately and the second most preferred correction strategy (21.2%) is teachers repeating the erroneous part of the utterance.

Research paper thumbnail of Yabanci Di̇l Olarak Türkçe Öğreti̇mi̇nde Yaratici Yazma Tekni̇kleri̇ni̇n Kullanilmasi

International Journal of Language Academy, 2015

In this research, it has been examined whether the use of creative writing techniques in teaching... more In this research, it has been examined whether the use of creative writing techniques in teaching Turkish as a foreign language can contribute improving writing skills. This research has been carried out with B1 level (n=42) and C1 level (n=24) students, all of whom (N=66) attended to Intensive Turkish Courses at Istanbul University Language Center. This research, which is quantitative, continued 5 weeks and it has been performed on a study group and control group separately. The study group (n=26) were applied the creative writing program, which was designed by the researcher, 2 hours per week. The control group (n=40) wasn't given any special program, but they continued their regular schedule at the Language Center. In the research, "the pre-test/ post-test control group experimental design" was used. In the process of obtaining data "European Language Portfolio B1 and C1 Levels Written Expression Self-Efficacy Scale" was used. In order to evaluate students' attitudes towards writing the "Writing Attitude Scale", which was developed by Susar Kırmızı (2009), was used; and to evaluate their creative writing products "Creative Writing Evaluation Scale" was applied. The statistical analysis's, which are Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, have been applied to the collected data. The following conclusions have been observed as a result of the research; creative writing studies that have been implemented on B1 and C1 level students of Turkish as a foreign language have positively affected students' attitudes towards writing and have enhanced students' self-efficacy perceptions and have made efficient the writing processes.

Research paper thumbnail of Yabancılara İçin Türkçe Görsel Sözlük ve Etkinlik Kitabı (A1-A2)

Türkçenin Eğitimi-Öğretiminde Kuramsal ve Uygulamalı Çalışmalar 12, 2022

Konusu başlangıç düzeyi öğrenici sözlükleri olan bu çalışmanın amacı, Yabancılar İçin Türkçe Görs... more Konusu başlangıç düzeyi öğrenici sözlükleri olan bu çalışmanın amacı, Yabancılar İçin Türkçe Görsel Sözlük ve Etkinlik Kitabı (A1-A2) adlı çalışmanın tanıtılması, hazırlanma aşamasında geçirilen süreçlerin ve karşılaşılan sorunların paylaşılması ile ileri çalışmalara yol göstermesi amacıyla çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmasıdır.
Sözlüğün oluşturulmasında, doküman analizi yöntemiyle alanda kullanılan dil öğretim setleri incelenmiş; Avrupa Dilleri Ortak Çerçeve Programı (ADOÇP) temel alınarak ve Türkçe Ulusal Derlemden (TUD, 2018) yararlanılarak A1 ve A2 düzeyi öğrenicilerin ihtiyacı olan temel sözvarlığını oluşturacak temalar ve alt temalar belirlenmiştir. Bu temalara ait madde başlarının tümü, görsellerle anlatılmış; sesbilgisel yazımlarıyla birlikte telaffuzlarının dinlenebilmesi için karekodlarla internet üzerinden ses kayıtlarına ulaşma imkânı sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca her madde başı için örnek tümcelere, tema sonlarında etkinlik ve alıştırmalara yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuna Almanca, Arapça, Fransızca, İngilizce, Korece ve Rusçadan oluşan çokdilli bir dizin dahil edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, hem A1-A2 öğrenicilerinin tek başlarına kullanabileceği hem de öğretmenlerin yardımcı materyal olarak kullanabileceği bir sözlük ve etkinlik kitabı oluşturulmuştur. Sözlüğün ses kayıtlarına, www.dilfi.com.tr web adresinden ulaşılabilmektedir.

Research paper thumbnail of Okur Dostu Metin Olma Özelliği ile Okuduğunu Anlama Başarısı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi Analysing the Relation between Reader-Friendly Texts Reading Comprehension Competence

Öz Metin tabanlı okuma modeline göre metin ile okur arasında güçlü bir ilişki söz konusudur. Buna... more Öz Metin tabanlı okuma modeline göre metin ile okur arasında güçlü bir ilişki söz konusudur. Buna göre metin, okuru; okur da metnin anlamını etkilemektedir. Okur dostu metinlerin, okurun metni daha kolay anlamasını sağlayıcı dilsel özellikler taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, "Okur Dostu Metin Değerlendirme Rubriği"ne göre incelenen ve okur dostu metin niteliği taşıdığı belirlenen metinlerin, Barrett taksonomisindeki düzeyler açısından, okuduğunu anlama başarısındaki rolü araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın istatistiksel sonuçlarına göre, okur dostu metinlerin anlaşılma düzeyinin, okur dostu olmayan metinlere göre, taksonomide belirtilen yüzeysel anlama, çıkarımsal anlama, değerlendirme ve beğeni düzeylerinde daha yüksek; yeniden organize etme düzeyinde ise daha düşük çıktığı bulunmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Okur dostu metin, okur dostu metin değerlendirme rubriği, metin tabanlı okuma modeli, Barrett taksonomisi, okuduğunu anlama Abstract There is a strong relationship betw...

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçede ezgi örüntüleri

Bu calismada Turkce farkli tumce turlerinde temel ezgi oruntulerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir.... more Bu calismada Turkce farkli tumce turlerinde temel ezgi oruntulerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda tumevarim yontemiyle daha onceki calismalar da goz onunde bulundurularak veri tabanini olusturan tumcelerin baslangic, odak ve bitis degerleri belirlenmis ve Turkce ezgi oruntulerine ait ulamla yapilmistir. Calismanin veri tabani toplam 1 50 ad, eylem ve varolussal tumcenin olumlu, olumsuz ve E/H-sorulu gorunumleriyle NK-sorularindan olusmaktadir. Tumceler Praat 4.05 Konusma Analizi Programinda cozumlenmistir. Cozumlemeler sonucunda, Turkcede ad, eylem tumcesi ve varolussal tumcelerin olumlu, olumsuz ve E/H-sorulu tum formlarinda biten ezgi oruntusu belirlenmis; soru ezgisi oruntusu ise sadece NK-sorulu tumcelerde gorulmustur. Abstract In the present study,the aim has been to investigate into basic intonation patterns in various Turkish sentence types. To this end, taking into account those studies completed previously, inductive method has been applied the databa...

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretiminde Derlem Tabanlı Okuma Metni Denemesi: Gece Kuşları (A1-A2)

BUGU Dil ve Egitim Dergisi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenen başlangıç düzeyi (A1-A2) öğrenicileri ... more Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenen başlangıç düzeyi (A1-A2) öğrenicileri için metinsellik ölçütlerine uygun, okunabilir, okunaklı, öğrenmeye yardımcı ve alanda var olan kaynaklardan farklı olarak birden fazla sonu olup öğrenicinin, hikâyenin akışına göre seçim yapıp okumaya devam etmesini sağlamak üzere kurgulanmış bir okuma materyaliyle ilgili verileri paylaşmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, "Gece Kuşları" adında derlem tabanlı bir hikâye metni oluşturulup zayıf deneysel desenlerden "tek grup öntestsontest modeli" ile metin A1, A2 ve B1 düzeylerindeki öğrenicilere (N: 132) uygulanmış ve elde edilen bulguların nitel ve nicel değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Bu değerlendirmelerde, cinsiyet, yaş ve kur düzeyi değişkenleri temel alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Gece Kuşları metni, öğrenicilerin okuma tutumlarında istek (p> .004), fayda (p> .008), kaygı (p> .021) boyutlarında olumlu yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişmeler tespit edilmesinin yanı sıra metne karşı olumsuz görüş geliştirmedikleri görülmüştür. Metni okuma-anlamada kadınların, istatistiksel olarak erkeklerden daha başarılı oldukları; yaş değişkeninin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı ve dil düzeyi açısından en başarılı grubun sırasıyla B1, A2 ve A1 düzeyi öğrenicileri olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, "Gece Kuşları" metninin, hedeflendiği gibi metinsellik ölçütlerini karşılayan; okuyucu tarafından hangi son ("Gri Şapka"' ya da "Kırmızı Elbise") seçilirse seçilsin, hedef okuyucu kitlesi olan A1 ve A2 öğrenicilerinin düzeylerine uygun, "okuması kolay bir metin" olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Research paper thumbnail of Yabancılara Akademik Türkçe Öğretiminde İhtiyaçlar ve Çözüm Önerileri

Uluslararası Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretimi Dergisi, 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1-2 Haziran 2023 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilen Yabancılara Akademik Türkçe Ö... more Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1-2 Haziran 2023 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilen Yabancılara Akademik Türkçe Öğretimi Çalıştayı'nda, Türkçenin akademik dil olarak öğretilmesiyle ilgili ele alınan konularla ilgili görüşlere ve çözüm önerilerine ait verileri sınıflandırıp raporlanmasıdır. Çalıştay’da ele alınan konular, akademik Türkçe eğitiminde materyaller; ölçme ve değerlendirme; okuma ve yazma becerilerinin öğretimi; konuşma ve dinleme becerilerinin öğretimi; dilbilgisinin ve sözvarlığının öğretimi; müfredat ve farkındalıktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi ilkeleri doğrultusunda akademik Türkçe eğitimi ve öğretiminde sorun olan farklı konulardaki çalışma kümelerinin fikir tepsisi yöntemi ile ele aldığı konu başlıklarından çıkan sonuç raporları incelenmiş, değerlendirilmiş ve ele alınan tüm konulara ait sonuç özeti hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin incelenmesi sonucunda, Akademik Türkçe derslerindeki sorunların temelinde bir ''Akademik Türkçe Öğretim Programı''nın olmamasının; ders içeriklerinde, materyallerde, ölçme ve değerlendirmede de bir standardın yakalanamamasına neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to classify and report data regarding the views and solution proposals related to teaching Turkish as an academic language, discussed at the Workshop on Teaching Academic Turkish to Foreigners held on June 1-2, 2023. The topics addressed at the workshop include materials for academic Turkish education; assessment and evaluation; teaching reading and writing skills; teaching speaking and listening skills; teaching grammar and vocabulary; curriculum and awareness. Using principles of document analysis as qualitative research methods, the study examines and evaluates the outcome reports of various topics addressed through the idea tray method (brainstorming method) in academic Turkish education and teaching. Ultimately, it is revealed that the lack of an "Academic Turkish Teaching Cirriculum" is at the core of the problems in Academic Turkish courses, leading to a lack of consistency in course content, materials, assessment, and evaluation.

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçe Ezgi̇ Örüntüsünde Duygudurum Ve Söz Edi̇mi̇ Görünümü

... Dilek Fidan Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. İclâl Ergenç Ankara–2007 Bu çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi ... more ... Dilek Fidan Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. İclâl Ergenç Ankara–2007 Bu çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje No:2005-09-01-022). ... Doktora Tezi Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. clâl Ergenç Tez Jürisi Üyeleri Adı ve Soyadı İmzası ...

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçeni̇n Yabanci Di̇l Olarak Öğreti̇mi̇ Ders Ki̇taplarindaki̇ Di̇lbi̇lgi̇si̇ Konulari Ve Öğretmen- Öğreni̇ci̇ Görüşleri̇

Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 2016

The subject of this study is the course books of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The aim ... more The subject of this study is the course books of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The aim of the study is to describe and compare the contents of these books in terms of grammar and to evaluate the teachers' and learners' opinions in order to see how these contents affect learning and teaching processes. Karababa (2009; 276), emphasize that the course books and equipments in teaching Turkish as a foreign language are not adequate with regard to the needs and the levels of learners. She states that the insufficiency of the works on Turkish grammar and the descriptions cause inefficiency in course books as well. Success in language policies depend on the efficiency of the course books, used in educational environments and it will also facilitate the job of the teachers and learners, affecting the learning positively. Although Turkish course books, which are analyzed with document analysis method in the present study, are classified according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (Council of Europe, 2001), it is observed that there is not a standardization between the language levels and the grammar subjects. That is to say, there is not a common usage of grammatical terms, which leads to problems for students. There is an urgent need of some common criteria to be determined with a leading institution. There are also differences in the amount and the way of the grammar books, as well as the mistakes within them. Teachers mostly believe that B1 level grammar teaching should be given more importance and 50% of them think that course books they use are not enough. Almost all of the teachers indicate that they (91,3%) use some supplementary materials. Other statements of teachers and students about grammar topics are also classified and presented in the findings section. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT 1.Introduction Course books are among the most important instruments-as much as teacher, native language, motivation, and personal and cultural characteristics in terms of achieving language-learning goals in teaching a new language. Therefore, the quality of course book is crucial in achieving success in the language policies both of institutions and of countries. As a consequence, course books should facilitate the educator's and learner's learning/teaching process, influence learning positively and be appropriate to the level of the learner. Despite the ongoing debate over the how much grammar should be taught in language-teaching environments, a language-teaching process without any grammar teaching would be unlikely. No matter how much communication-oriented teaching is done, it is not possible to exclude grammar teaching from the language-teaching environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretimi Ders Kitaplarındaki Dilbilgisi Konuları ve

Turkish studies, 2016

The subject of this study is the course books of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The aim ... more The subject of this study is the course books of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The aim of the study is to describe and compare the contents of these books in terms of grammar and to evaluate the teachers' and learners' opinions in order to see how these contents affect learning and teaching processes. Karababa (2009; 276), emphasize that the course books and equipments in teaching Turkish as a foreign language are not adequate with regard to the needs and the levels of learners. She states that the insufficiency of the works on Turkish grammar and the descriptions cause inefficiency in course books as well. Success in language policies depend on the efficiency of the course books, used in educational environments and it will also facilitate the job of the teachers and learners, affecting the learning positively. Although Turkish course books, which are analyzed with document analysis method in the present study, are classified according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (Council of Europe, 2001), it is observed that there is not a standardization between the language levels and the grammar subjects. That is to say, there is not a common usage of grammatical terms, which leads to problems for students. There is an urgent need of some common criteria to be determined with a leading institution. There are also differences in the amount and the way of the grammar books, as well as the mistakes within them. Teachers mostly believe that B1 level grammar teaching should be given more importance and 50% of them think that course books they use are not enough. Almost all of the teachers indicate that they (91,3%) use some supplementary materials. Other statements of teachers and students about grammar topics are also classified and presented in the findings section. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT 1.Introduction Course books are among the most important instruments-as much as teacher, native language, motivation, and personal and cultural characteristics in terms of achieving language-learning goals in teaching a new language. Therefore, the quality of course book is crucial in achieving success in the language policies both of institutions and of countries. As a consequence, course books should facilitate the educator's and learner's learning/teaching process, influence learning positively and be appropriate to the level of the learner. Despite the ongoing debate over the how much grammar should be taught in language-teaching environments, a language-teaching process without any grammar teaching would be unlikely. No matter how much communication-oriented teaching is done, it is not possible to exclude grammar teaching from the language-teaching environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Teacher Questions and their Functions in Turkish as a Foreign Language (TFL) Classes

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013

Discursive structure of foreign language classes has been a widely studied issue lately. With inc... more Discursive structure of foreign language classes has been a widely studied issue lately. With increasing focus on such theories as sociocultural theory and interactionist hypothesis, the importance of participation to language acquisition has become more significant. The aim of this study is to identify the types and functions of teacher questions in Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) classroom. The data of this study consist of 10 hours of classroom discourse in B2 level TFL classrooms. The analysis was carried out with the help of the classification of teacher questions in ESL classrooms made by Long and Sato (1983), which includes echoic (comprehension checks, clarification requests, and confirmation checks) and epistemic questions (referential, display, expressive and rhetorical questions). The findings of the study indicated that the majority of the questions in the data set belong to epistemic questions and under the title of epistemic questions; the most commonly used question type is display questions and under the title of echoic questions; the most commonly used question type is confirmation checks.

Research paper thumbnail of Söz Edimi Kuramına Genel Bir Bakış ve Eğitim Ortamlarında Kullanımı: Diksiyon De

Turkish studies, 2017

The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define... more The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define how to use this theory in educational settings and specifically to propose an activity for the diction courses, which are offered as selective courses. In accordance with this purpose, the aspect of the period, which starts with Austin (1962) and continues with Searle (1969, 1989) is explained. The speech act theory explains how certain acts are formed in certain contexts while in some utterances speech act verbs are explicitly used and in some utterances speech act verbs are not explicitly used. At this point, correctly coding and analyzing the communication between receiver and transmitter is rest upon the correctly explication of the speech act in question no matter if it is in written or verbal linguistic performance. If the same fact coded linguistically in different forms, different linguistic values appear. Therefore, if all the candidate teachers in education faculties have information about the theory, the quality of the communication that they will establish with their students will be increased and it will provide/support students to internalize the fineness of speech act theory, as well. The speech act contexts of request, apology, compliment, rejection, and complaint that are prepared as an example activity to be used in diction courses will assist to understand the aspects of the theory in practice. On the other hand, it is thought that it will be useful to add some course contents the topics like 'Speech Act Theory in Written/Oral Communication', 'Speech Acts in Written/Oral Communication'...etc. at the education faculties, especially at the Programmes of Turkish Language Teaching.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of the types of error, proficiency level of the learners and nature of the recasts on the uptake of learners

Educational research and reviews, Oct 23, 2017

This current study examined the effects of the type of errors learners make (that is, phonologica... more This current study examined the effects of the type of errors learners make (that is, phonological, lexical and grammar), proficiency level of the learners (that is, A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1) and nature of the recasts (that is, long and short) on the uptake of the learners. The data of this study came from the video-recordings of A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1-level of Turkish as a Second Language (TSL) classes. 60-h data have been transcribed and analyzed by the researchers. Here, qualitative methods of data collection was employed in this multi-case research along with quantitative methods of data analysis, when necessary, to examine the relations between and among the constructs. Analysis of the study revealed that the learners had a higher percentage of uptake rate against phonological errors (with significant difference); C1 level learners had the highest percentage of the uptake rate (with significant difference) and long recasts yielded a higher percentage of the uptake (but with no significant difference between recast types). Thereafter, findings of this research are compared with those of other prominent studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Learners preferences of oral corrective feedback: An example of Turkish as a foreign language learners

Educational research and reviews, May 10, 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learner... more The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learners of Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) in order to understand whether they would like their errors to be corrected and, if so, when, which of them, how and by whom they would like to be corrected in the classroom environment. A questionnaire with multiple choices, adapted from the review of Hendrickson (1978), was administered to 165 TFL learners. A total of 141 of the participants were C1 level learners, and 24 of them were B2 level learners. The results show that the vast majority of the participants (97. %) prefer their errors to be corrected, and a smaller majority of them prefer teachers (73.2%) to correct them immediately (58.9%). Just over half (54%) of the participants primarily prefer grammatical errors to be corrected; the most preferred correction strategy (43%) is teachers giving the correct form immediately and the second most preferred correction strategy (21.2%) is teachers repeating the erroneous part of the utterance.

Research paper thumbnail of Söz Edi̇mi̇ Kuramina Genel Bi̇r Bakiş Ve Eği̇ti̇m Ortamlarinda Kullanimi: Di̇ksi̇yon Dersleri̇ İçi̇n Bi̇r Etki̇nli̇k Denemesi̇

Turkish Studies, 2017

The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define... more The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define how to use this theory in educational settings and specifically to propose an activity for the diction courses, which are offered as selective courses. In accordance with this purpose, the aspect of the period, which starts with Austin (1962) and continues with Searle (1969, 1989) is explained. The speech act theory explains how certain acts are formed in certain contexts while in some utterances speech act verbs are explicitly used and in some utterances speech act verbs are not explicitly used. At this point, correctly coding and analyzing the communication between receiver and transmitter is rest upon the correctly explication of the speech act in question no matter if it is in written or verbal linguistic performance. If the same fact coded linguistically in different forms, different linguistic values appear. Therefore, if all the candidate teachers in education faculties have information about the theory, the quality of the communication that they will establish with their students will be increased and it will provide/support students to internalize the fineness of speech act theory, as well. The speech act contexts of request, apology, compliment, rejection, and complaint that are prepared as an example activity to be used in diction courses will assist to understand the aspects of the theory in practice. On the other hand, it is thought that it will be useful to add some course contents the topics like 'Speech Act Theory in Written/Oral Communication', 'Speech Acts in Written/Oral Communication'...etc. at the education faculties, especially at the Programmes of Turkish Language Teaching.

Research paper thumbnail of Bu çalışma, Doç. Dr. Dilek Fidan'ın danışmanlığında yapılan ''Sesletim Odaklı Konuşma Modelinin Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğrenen Öğrenicilerin Sesletim Becerilerine Etkisi'' adlı yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir

SESLETİM ODAKLI KONUŞMA MODELİNİN YABANCI DİL OLARAK TÜRKÇE ÖĞRENENLERİN SESLETİM BECERİLERİNE ETKİSİ - The Effect of the Pronunciation-Oriented Speech Model on the Pronunciation Skills of the Learners of Turkish as a Foreign Language, 2023

Konusu yabancı dil öğretiminde sesletim olan bu çalışmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğren... more Konusu yabancı dil öğretiminde sesletim olan bu çalışmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrenicilerin sesletim becerilerini iyileştirmek üzere geliştirilen Sesletim Odaklı Konuşma Modelinin (SOKM), yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen A2 dil düzeyindeki öğrenicilerin Türkçedeki ünlüleri sesletim becerilerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, gerçek deneysel desenlerden öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu seçkisiz desen kullanılarak toplam 25 katılımcıyla çalışılmıştır. Bu katılımcılardan, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden A2 seviyesindeki 15 katılımcı (3 kadın, 12 erkek) deney grubunda, 10 katılımcı (4 kadın, 6 erkek) kontrol grubunda yer almıştır (N: 25). Çalışmaya katılan katılımcılardan, öntestte ve sontestte gördüğü sözcüğü sesletme, dinlediği sözcüğü sesletme (yineleme), görselini gördüğü nesnenin adını söyleme, dikte (duydukları sözcükleri/seslemleri yazma) görevlerini yerine getirmeleri istenmiştir.
Deney grubuna, 5 haftalık (10 saatlik) SOKM eğitimi verilmiştir. Verilen eğitim sonucunda, gördüğü sözcüğü sesletme, dinlediği sözcüğü sesletme (yineleme) ve görselini gördüğü nesnenin adını söyleme görevlerinde öntestle ve sontest arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu ve verilen eğitimin etkili olduğu yani, geliştirilen SOKM'nin sesletme becerisini geliştirmede yararlı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Abstract: The main focus of this study is the pronunciation skills in foreign language teaching. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the Pronunciation Oriented Speech Model (POSM), which was developed to improve the pronunciation skills of the students in Turkish Language Teaching in which the effect of the model on A2 level learners' ability to pronounce vowels in Turkish was investigated. For this purpose, a random design with pretest-posttest-control groups were used. 25 subjects in total participated in the study. Among these 15 subjects, there were 3 females and 12 males were in the experimental group, and 10 subjects (4 females, 6 males) were in the control group (N:25). All of the subjects who learned Turkish as a foreign language (the ones who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily) were at A2 level. The subjects were asked to perform the tasks of pronouncing the word they saw, pronouncing the word they heard (by repeating); saying the name of the object that they saw and dictating (i.e. writing the words/sounds they heard) in the pretest and the posttest. The experimental group had 5 weeks (10 hours) of POSM training. As a result of the training given, it was seen that there was a statistically significant difference between the pretest and the posttest in the tasks of pronouncing the word they saw; pronouncing the word they heard (repeating) and saying the name of the object that they saw. Therefore, it can be argued that the training given was effective. Hence, it was speculated that the developed POSM is useful in improving the pronunciation skills of the learners of Turkish as a Foreign Language.

Research paper thumbnail of Söz Edi̇mi̇ Kuramina Genel Bi̇r Bakiş Ve Eği̇ti̇m Ortamlarinda Kullanimi: Di̇ksi̇yon Dersleri̇ İçi̇n Bi̇r Etki̇nli̇k Denemesi̇

Turkish Studies, 2017

The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define... more The purpose of the this study is to explain the historical period of speech act theory, to define how to use this theory in educational settings and specifically to propose an activity for the diction courses, which are offered as selective courses. In accordance with this purpose, the aspect of the period, which starts with Austin (1962) and continues with Searle (1969, 1989) is explained. The speech act theory explains how certain acts are formed in certain contexts while in some utterances speech act verbs are explicitly used and in some utterances speech act verbs are not explicitly used. At this point, correctly coding and analyzing the communication between receiver and transmitter is rest upon the correctly explication of the speech act in question no matter if it is in written or verbal linguistic performance. If the same fact coded linguistically in different forms, different linguistic values appear. Therefore, if all the candidate teachers in education faculties have information about the theory, the quality of the communication that they will establish with their students will be increased and it will provide/support students to internalize the fineness of speech act theory, as well. The speech act contexts of request, apology, compliment, rejection, and complaint that are prepared as an example activity to be used in diction courses will assist to understand the aspects of the theory in practice. On the other hand, it is thought that it will be useful to add some course contents the topics like 'Speech Act Theory in Written/Oral Communication', 'Speech Acts in Written/Oral Communication'...etc. at the education faculties, especially at the Programmes of Turkish Language Teaching.

Research paper thumbnail of TÜRKÇENİN YABANCI DİL OLARAK ÖĞRETİMİNDE DERLEM TABANLI OKUMA METNİ DENEMESİ: GECE KUŞLARI (A1-A2)

BUGU Dil ve Eğitim Dergisi, 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenen başlangıç düzeyi (A1-A2) öğrenicileri ... more Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenen başlangıç düzeyi (A1-A2) öğrenicileri için metinsellik ölçütlerine uygun, okunabilir, okunaklı, öğrenmeye yardımcı ve alanda var olan kaynaklardan farklı olarak birden fazla sonu olup öğrenicinin, hikâyenin akışına göre seçim yapıp okumaya devam etmesini sağlamak üzere kurgulanmış bir okuma materyaliyle ilgili verileri paylaşmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, "Gece Kuşları" adında derlem tabanlı bir hikâye metni oluşturulup zayıf deneysel desenlerden "tek grup öntestsontest modeli" ile metin A1, A2 ve B1 düzeylerindeki öğrenicilere (N: 132) uygulanmış ve elde edilen bulguların nitel ve nicel değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Bu değerlendirmelerde, cinsiyet, yaş ve kur düzeyi değişkenleri temel alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Gece Kuşları metni, öğrenicilerin okuma tutumlarında istek (p> .004), fayda (p> .008), kaygı (p> .021) boyutlarında olumlu yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişmeler tespit edilmesinin yanı sıra metne karşı olumsuz görüş geliştirmedikleri görülmüştür. Metni okuma-anlamada kadınların, istatistiksel olarak erkeklerden daha başarılı oldukları; yaş değişkeninin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı ve dil düzeyi açısından en başarılı grubun sırasıyla B1, A2 ve A1 düzeyi öğrenicileri olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, "Gece Kuşları" metninin, hedeflendiği gibi metinsellik ölçütlerini karşılayan; okuyucu tarafından hangi son ("Gri Şapka"' ya da "Kırmızı Elbise") seçilirse seçilsin, hedef okuyucu kitlesi olan A1 ve A2 öğrenicilerinin düzeylerine uygun, "okuması kolay bir metin" olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to share the data of a reading material, which is compatible with the standards of textuality, readable, legible, helpful to learning, and, differently from the existing resources in the field, has multiple endings that will enable the learner to choose according to the flow of the story and continue reading, for beginner level (A1-A2) language learners who learn Turkish as a foreign language. Following this purpose, a corpus-based story text named “Nighthawks” (Gece Kuşları) was created and the text was applied to the learners at A1, A2, and B1 levels (N: 132) by using the “one-group pretest- posttest model”, one of the weak experimental designs, and the qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the findings were carried out. These evaluations were based on the variables of gender, age, and course level. According to the findings obtained, it was observed that the text “Gece Kuşları” positively caused statistically significant changes in the reading attitudes of the learners in terms of desire (p> .004), benefit (p> .008), and anxiety (p> .021), while the learners did not develop negative opinions about the text. It was also noticed that women were statistically more successful than men in reading and comprehending the text, the age variable was not statistically significant, and the most successful groups in terms of the language level were B1, A2, and A1 learners, respectively. Consequently, it was proved that the text “Gece Kuşları” meets the textuality criteria as intended and it is a reader-friendly text which is appropriate for the levels of A1 and A2 learners as its target readers, no matter which ending (“Grey Hat” or “Red Dress”) is chosen by the reader.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of the Types of Error, Proficiency Level of the Learners and Nature of the Recasts on the Uptake of Learners

This current study examined the effects of the type of errors learners make (that is, phonologica... more This current study examined the effects of the type of errors learners make (that is, phonological, lexical and grammar), proficiency level of the learners (that is, A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1) and nature of the recasts (that is, long and short) on the uptake of the learners. The data of this study came from the video-recordings of A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1-level of Turkish as a Second Language (TSL) classes. 60-h data have been transcribed and analyzed by the researchers. Here, qualitative methods of data collection was employed in this multi-case research along with quantitative methods of data analysis, when necessary, to examine the relations between and among the constructs. Analysis of the study revealed that the learners had a higher percentage of uptake rate against phonological errors (with significant difference); C1 level learners had the highest percentage of the uptake rate (with significant difference) and long recasts yielded a higher percentage of the uptake (but with no sign...

Research paper thumbnail of Phonetic complexity and stuttering in Turkish-speaking children who stutter

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 2021

ABSTRACT The relationship between stuttering and phonetic complexity for words spoken by Turkish ... more ABSTRACT The relationship between stuttering and phonetic complexity for words spoken by Turkish children who stutter was investigated. The research questions were: (1) Do Turkish-speaking children stutter more on unbound content words than on unbound function words? (2) Do Turkish-speaking children stutter more on words with higher phonetic complexity scores? Twenty-one monolingual children aged 6–11 years who had a clinical diagnosis of stuttering participated. Speech samples were transcribed and lexical categories determined. Phonetic complexity was assessed by an adaptation of Index of Phonetic Complexity (IPC) for Turkish. Results revealed that the mean rank of unbound content words differed significantly from the mean rank of unbound function words and that stuttering frequency for unbound content words was significantly higher than for unbound function words.

Research paper thumbnail of Learners preferences of oral corrective feedback: An example of Turkish as a foreign language learners

Educational Research and Reviews, 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learner... more The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learners of Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) in order to understand whether they would like their errors to be corrected and, if so, when, which of them, how and by whom they would like to be corrected in the classroom environment. A questionnaire with multiple choices, adapted from the review of Hendrickson (1978), was administered to 165 TFL learners. A total of 141 of the participants were C1 level learners, and 24 of them were B2 level learners. The results show that the vast majority of the participants (97. %) prefer their errors to be corrected, and a smaller majority of them prefer teachers (73.2%) to correct them immediately (58.9%). Just over half (54%) of the participants primarily prefer grammatical errors to be corrected; the most preferred correction strategy (43%) is teachers giving the correct form immediately and the second most preferred correction strategy (21.2%) is teachers repeating the erroneous part of the utterance.

Research paper thumbnail of Yabanci Di̇l Olarak Türkçe Öğreti̇mi̇nde Yaratici Yazma Tekni̇kleri̇ni̇n Kullanilmasi

International Journal of Language Academy, 2015

In this research, it has been examined whether the use of creative writing techniques in teaching... more In this research, it has been examined whether the use of creative writing techniques in teaching Turkish as a foreign language can contribute improving writing skills. This research has been carried out with B1 level (n=42) and C1 level (n=24) students, all of whom (N=66) attended to Intensive Turkish Courses at Istanbul University Language Center. This research, which is quantitative, continued 5 weeks and it has been performed on a study group and control group separately. The study group (n=26) were applied the creative writing program, which was designed by the researcher, 2 hours per week. The control group (n=40) wasn't given any special program, but they continued their regular schedule at the Language Center. In the research, "the pre-test/ post-test control group experimental design" was used. In the process of obtaining data "European Language Portfolio B1 and C1 Levels Written Expression Self-Efficacy Scale" was used. In order to evaluate students' attitudes towards writing the "Writing Attitude Scale", which was developed by Susar Kırmızı (2009), was used; and to evaluate their creative writing products "Creative Writing Evaluation Scale" was applied. The statistical analysis's, which are Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, have been applied to the collected data. The following conclusions have been observed as a result of the research; creative writing studies that have been implemented on B1 and C1 level students of Turkish as a foreign language have positively affected students' attitudes towards writing and have enhanced students' self-efficacy perceptions and have made efficient the writing processes.

Research paper thumbnail of Yabancılara İçin Türkçe Görsel Sözlük ve Etkinlik Kitabı (A1-A2)

Türkçenin Eğitimi-Öğretiminde Kuramsal ve Uygulamalı Çalışmalar 12, 2022

Konusu başlangıç düzeyi öğrenici sözlükleri olan bu çalışmanın amacı, Yabancılar İçin Türkçe Görs... more Konusu başlangıç düzeyi öğrenici sözlükleri olan bu çalışmanın amacı, Yabancılar İçin Türkçe Görsel Sözlük ve Etkinlik Kitabı (A1-A2) adlı çalışmanın tanıtılması, hazırlanma aşamasında geçirilen süreçlerin ve karşılaşılan sorunların paylaşılması ile ileri çalışmalara yol göstermesi amacıyla çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmasıdır.
Sözlüğün oluşturulmasında, doküman analizi yöntemiyle alanda kullanılan dil öğretim setleri incelenmiş; Avrupa Dilleri Ortak Çerçeve Programı (ADOÇP) temel alınarak ve Türkçe Ulusal Derlemden (TUD, 2018) yararlanılarak A1 ve A2 düzeyi öğrenicilerin ihtiyacı olan temel sözvarlığını oluşturacak temalar ve alt temalar belirlenmiştir. Bu temalara ait madde başlarının tümü, görsellerle anlatılmış; sesbilgisel yazımlarıyla birlikte telaffuzlarının dinlenebilmesi için karekodlarla internet üzerinden ses kayıtlarına ulaşma imkânı sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca her madde başı için örnek tümcelere, tema sonlarında etkinlik ve alıştırmalara yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuna Almanca, Arapça, Fransızca, İngilizce, Korece ve Rusçadan oluşan çokdilli bir dizin dahil edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, hem A1-A2 öğrenicilerinin tek başlarına kullanabileceği hem de öğretmenlerin yardımcı materyal olarak kullanabileceği bir sözlük ve etkinlik kitabı oluşturulmuştur. Sözlüğün ses kayıtlarına, www.dilfi.com.tr web adresinden ulaşılabilmektedir.

Research paper thumbnail of Okur Dostu Metin Olma Özelliği ile Okuduğunu Anlama Başarısı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi Analysing the Relation between Reader-Friendly Texts Reading Comprehension Competence

Öz Metin tabanlı okuma modeline göre metin ile okur arasında güçlü bir ilişki söz konusudur. Buna... more Öz Metin tabanlı okuma modeline göre metin ile okur arasında güçlü bir ilişki söz konusudur. Buna göre metin, okuru; okur da metnin anlamını etkilemektedir. Okur dostu metinlerin, okurun metni daha kolay anlamasını sağlayıcı dilsel özellikler taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, "Okur Dostu Metin Değerlendirme Rubriği"ne göre incelenen ve okur dostu metin niteliği taşıdığı belirlenen metinlerin, Barrett taksonomisindeki düzeyler açısından, okuduğunu anlama başarısındaki rolü araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın istatistiksel sonuçlarına göre, okur dostu metinlerin anlaşılma düzeyinin, okur dostu olmayan metinlere göre, taksonomide belirtilen yüzeysel anlama, çıkarımsal anlama, değerlendirme ve beğeni düzeylerinde daha yüksek; yeniden organize etme düzeyinde ise daha düşük çıktığı bulunmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Okur dostu metin, okur dostu metin değerlendirme rubriği, metin tabanlı okuma modeli, Barrett taksonomisi, okuduğunu anlama Abstract There is a strong relationship betw...

Research paper thumbnail of Türkçede ezgi örüntüleri

Bu calismada Turkce farkli tumce turlerinde temel ezgi oruntulerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir.... more Bu calismada Turkce farkli tumce turlerinde temel ezgi oruntulerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda tumevarim yontemiyle daha onceki calismalar da goz onunde bulundurularak veri tabanini olusturan tumcelerin baslangic, odak ve bitis degerleri belirlenmis ve Turkce ezgi oruntulerine ait ulamla yapilmistir. Calismanin veri tabani toplam 1 50 ad, eylem ve varolussal tumcenin olumlu, olumsuz ve E/H-sorulu gorunumleriyle NK-sorularindan olusmaktadir. Tumceler Praat 4.05 Konusma Analizi Programinda cozumlenmistir. Cozumlemeler sonucunda, Turkcede ad, eylem tumcesi ve varolussal tumcelerin olumlu, olumsuz ve E/H-sorulu tum formlarinda biten ezgi oruntusu belirlenmis; soru ezgisi oruntusu ise sadece NK-sorulu tumcelerde gorulmustur. Abstract In the present study,the aim has been to investigate into basic intonation patterns in various Turkish sentence types. To this end, taking into account those studies completed previously, inductive method has been applied the databa...

Research paper thumbnail of ANADİLİ ÖĞRETİMİ SÜRECİNDE SESBİLGİSİ VE SESBİLİM FARKINDALIĞI: 2019 TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI Dilek FİDAN

Kuramsal ve Uygulamalı Sesbilim, 2020

Bu çalışmada, anadili öğretiminde sebilgisinin ve sebilimin önemine değinilmiş 2019 Türkçe Öğreti... more Bu çalışmada, anadili öğretiminde sebilgisinin ve sebilimin önemine değinilmiş 2019 Türkçe Öğretim Programı (1-8. sınıflar) kazanımları, sesbilgisi ve sebilim açısından betimlenmiş ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

In this study, firstly, the importance of phonetics and phonology in mother tongue teaching was emphasized, secondly, the achievements of 2019 Turkish Teaching Program (Grades 1-8) were defined in terms of phonetics and phonology and finally recommendations were made.

Research paper thumbnail of Dil Öğretiminde Öğretmen Soruları ve Bakleme Süresi (Genişletilmiş 2.Baskıdan)

Yabancılara Türkçe Öğretimi El Kitabı.(Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı), 2018

Bu çalışma, dil öğretimi ortamlarında öğretmenlerin sordukları/ sorabilecekleri sorular ve dil öğ... more Bu çalışma, dil öğretimi ortamlarında öğretmenlerin sordukları/ sorabilecekleri sorular ve dil öğretiminde, bir soru sorulduktan sonra öğrenciye verilmesi gereken bekleme süreleri hakkındadır.

Research paper thumbnail of 2017 Türkçe Öğretim Programında ve Ortaokul Türkçe 5. Sınıf Ders Kitabında Özetleme Becerisi/ Summarizing Skills in 2017 Turkish Course Curriculum and Secondary School 5th Grade Turkish Course Textbook

Current Debates in Education, 2017

Özet: Özetlemenin, bir metnin değerlendirilmesi ve bir başkasına aktarılması süreci olduğunu, bu ... more Özet:
Özetlemenin, bir metnin değerlendirilmesi ve bir başkasına aktarılması süreci olduğunu, bu aktarı- mın başarıyla gerçekleşmesi için metnin doğru anlaşılması gerektiğini belirten Günay’a (2013) göre, iyi bir özet, düşüncelerin ve kanıtların nasıl sıralandığını -belki de özgün metinden daha etkin bir biçimde- çok kesin ve etkili biçimde göstermek zorundadır. Bu çalışmada, özetleme becerisinin 2017 Türkçe Öğretim Programı’nda ve bu programa uygun olarak hazırlanmış Ortaokul Türkçe Dersi 5. Sınıf Ders Kitabı’nda nasıl işlendiğinin betimlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Eldeki betimlemeler sonucunda doğrudan özetlemenin, programda kazanımlar listesine 5. sınıftan itibaren girdiği, ancak önceki sınıfların kazanımlarında dolaylı özetlemenin bulunduğu görülmüştür. Ders kitabında özetle- me yaptırılacak metinlerin dağılımlarıyla ilgili olarak metin türü, temel beceri (okuma ya da dinleme/ izleme) ve metnin teması açısından özenli davranılmadığı görülmüştür: Doğrudan özet yaptırılacak toplam altı metinden sadece biri dinleme/izleme metni, yine sadece biri bilgilendirici metin türünde olup diğerleri hikaye edici metin türündedir. Ders kitabındaki dolaylı özetleme etkinlikleri, makro süreçlerin hem içeriksel hem de yapısal özelliklerine göre yapılandırılmış olmasına rağmen doğrudan özetlerin bu tür etkinliklerle beslenmediği görülmüştür. Söz konusu ders kitabına ait bir öğretmen kılavuzunun da henüz olmaması, bu beceriye yönelik sınıf içi etkinliklerin başarısının öğretmenlerin görgü, bilgi ve tecrübesiyle doğru orantılı olarak her sınıfta farklı biçimlerde işlenmesine/öğretilmesine neden olduğunu göstermektedir.
Abstract:
According to Günay (2013), summarization is the process of evaluating and transferring a text to ano- ther person, and the document should be understood correctly to accept this transfer as successful. This is why a good summary should precisely and efficiently shows how the thoughts and evidence remain organized (maybe more efficient than the original text.). This study aims to describe how summariza- tion skills appear in the 2017 Turkish Course Cirriculum and the 5th Grade Textbook of the Turkish Language Lesson prepared under this program. For this purpose, the data were collected using document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. As a result of the depictions, the direct summarization appears in the list of achievements of the Program from the 5th grade, but secondary summary issues (or indirect issues in other words) appear in previous classes’ achievements. The distribu- tion of the texts to be summarized in the textbook is mostly not coherent regarding the text type, essential skills (reading or listening or watching and theme of the text). Only one of the six texts to be directly summarized is the listening or watching text; additionally, only one of them is expository text type, and the others are narrative ones. Although the structure of indirect summarization activities in the textbook is compatible with both content and structural features of macro processes, it seems that direct summa- ries are not supported by such activities. Besides these, the lack of a teacher guidebook for the mentioned textbook indicates that the success of the classroom activities for this skill is in direct relation to teachers’ knowledge and experience. That is why summarization is taught in different ways in each class.