Hiwa Ahmad | Koya University (original) (raw)

Papers by Hiwa Ahmad

Iraqi postgraduate Medical Journal, 2010

INTRODUCTION: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are formed by B lymphocytes, each individual has a la... more INTRODUCTION: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are formed by B lymphocytes, each individual has a large pool of different B lymphocytes that have a life span of days or weeks (1) . B cells display immunoglobulin molecules on their surface, these immunoglobulins serve as receptors for a specific antigen (1) . Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, characterized histologically by hepatocellular necrosis and infiltration of the liver by inflammatory cells (2) . The term of viral hepatitis is reserved to the infection of the liver caused by a small group of viruses having a particular affinity to the liver (3, 4) . Hepatitis B virus constitutes a major economic and public health problem throughout the world, due to the high rate of morbidity, mortality and the development of chronic carrier state which may progress to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular

Iraqi postgraduate Medical Journal, 2010

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus is the prototype agent for a virus family called Hepadnaviridae (... more INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus is the prototype agent for a virus family called Hepadnaviridae (1) . In primary infection, HBsAg becomes detectable after 4-10 weeks of incubation period, followed by anti-HBc antibody (HBcAb) IgM isotype during early period (1) . Chronic HBV infection is most commonly defined as being present when a person tests positive for HBsAg for at least six months (2) . Vaccines consist of HBsAg produced by a recombinant DNA in yeast cells or in continuous mammalian cell lines (3) . The immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine in healthy subjects is extremely variable, following administration of three doses of vaccine under optimal conditions. Approximately 1 to 3% of neonates and up to 10% of healthy adults does not produce adequate levels

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. E, Medical Entomology and Parasitology, Oct 7, 2022

Background and Objectives: The specific cellular immune responses play a main role in the hepatic... more Background and Objectives: The specific cellular immune responses play a main role in the hepatic necrosis that occurs with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Interferon-g (IFN-g) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are considered examples on T helper 1(Th1) cytokines which required for host antiviral immune response and involved in cell-mediate immunity against HBV infection. This study was designed to estimation T-helper 1 cytokines (IFN-g and IL-2) in HBV infected patients and individuals vaccinated with recombinant HB vaccine. Methods: The study groups were classified into patient group 35 (15 acute hepatitis (AH) and 20 chronic hepatitis(CH)) and 35 vaccinated group (20 responder (RD) and 15 Nonresponder (NRD)) and 18 control group, during May to November 2007. Blood samples were taken from patients and hospitals staffs in Nanakaly, Erbil and Rizgary Teaching Hospital to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti hepatitis core antibody IgM (Anti-HBc Ab(IgM)), Anti-HBs Ab, IFN-g level and IL-2 level in serum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The concentration of IFN-g and IL-2 levels in the AH group differed significantly compared with healthy control and CH patients (p<0.01) by F-test. LSD-analysis for IFN-g also revealed same result while IL-2 level significantly increased in healthy control only. Ftest for IFN-g revealed (p<0.05) among RD group, NRD group and healthy non vaccinated (HN) control in ≥30 and <30 years old respectively but inverse result was observed in IL-2 levels (p>0.05).

Hepatitis B virus is the prototype agent for a virus family called Hepadnaviridae (1). In primary... more Hepatitis B virus is the prototype agent for a virus family called Hepadnaviridae (1). In primary infection, HBsAg becomes detectable after 4-10 weeks of incubation period, followed by anti-HBc antibody (HBcAb) IgM isotype during early period (1). Chronic HBV infection is most commonly defined as being present when a person tests positive for HBsAg for at least six months (2). Vaccines consist of HBsAg produced by a recombinant DNA in yeast cells or in continuous mammalian cell lines (3). The immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine in healthy subjects is extremely variable, following administration of three doses of vaccine under optimal conditions. Approximately 1 to 3% of neonates and up to 10% of healthy adults does not produce adequate levels

Antibodies or immunoglobulins are formed by B lymphocytes, each individual has a large pool of di... more Antibodies or immunoglobulins are formed by B lymphocytes, each individual has a large pool of different B lymphocytes that have a life span of days or weeks (1). B cells display immunoglobulin molecules on their surface, these immunoglobulins serve as receptors for a specific antigen (1). Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, characterized histologically by hepatocellular necrosis and infiltration of the liver by inflammatory cells (2). The term of viral hepatitis is reserved to the infection of the liver caused by a small group of viruses having a particular affinity to the liver (3, 4). Hepatitis B virus constitutes a major economic and public health problem throughout the world, due to the high rate of morbidity, mortality and the development of chronic carrier state which may progress to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular

The specific cellular immune responses play a main role in the hepatic necrosis that occurs with ... more The specific cellular immune responses play a main role in the hepatic necrosis that occurs with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 are considered examples on T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines which required for host antiviral immune response and involved in humeral immunity against HBV infection. This study was designed to estimation Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in HBV infected patients and individuals vaccinated with recombinant HB vaccine. Study groups were classified into patient group 35(15 acute (AH) and 20 chronic (CH)), 35 vaccinated group (20 responder (RD) and 15 Non-responder (NRD)) and 18 healthy control (HC) during May to November 2007. Blood samples were taken from patients and hospitals staffs to detection HBsAg, Anti-HBc Ab(IgM), Anti-HBs Ab, IL-4 level and IL-10 level in serum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The concentration of IL-4 and IL-10 levels in the AH group differed significantly compared with HC and CH patients (p<0.01) by F-test. LSD-analysis for IL-4 revealed same result only between HC and CH (P<0.008). Comparison between CH and both HC and AH, respectively revealed significant differences in IL-10 level (P<0.008) and (P<0.03) by LSD-test. F-test for IL-4 revealed non significant result (P>0.05) among RD, NRD and HN control in ≥30 and <30 years old, respectively, but inverse result was observed in IL-10 levels (p<0.05). LSD-test revealed (P>0.05) between all study group regarding IL-4, however the level of IL-10 were (P<0.014) and (P<0.01) in RD and NR groups among ≥30 and <30 years old, respectively. Indeed (P<0.03) between RD and HN groups in age <30 years. Conclusion: In this study significant elevation of IL-4 and IL-10 levels was observed in AH patients compared with CH patients and healthy control. Same result was seen in IL-10 among RD and NRD in ≥30 and <30 years old, as well as between RD and HN groups in age <30 years.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2022

Diarrhea in children occurs for multiple reasons, especially after exposure to intestinal pathoge... more Diarrhea in children occurs for multiple reasons, especially after exposure to intestinal pathogens present in their environment due to contamination of food and water. There are social and economic reasons that aid in the transmission of pathogens to children. The study aims through research to detect it using sociodemographic determinants and expose complications of the disease using a complete blood count. The cross-sectional study was conducted on children brought to Sulaymania and Erbil children hospital. A total of 200 children (52.5% male and 47.5% female) were included. Data analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between general stool examination and bacterial infection (P˂0.05). The infection rate among cases was 50% Klebsiella spp., 3% E. coli, and 46.5% for both. Demographic data showed that both gender and location were significantly associated with the type of bacterial infection (P>0.05), and the type of food intake was significantly associated with increased diarrhea, As for the hematological parameters, the study showed that the total white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet count could be increased in the group of patients. There was a consistent decrease in the mean red blood cell (RBC) count in healthy subjects compared to controls using mean prevalence. We concluded through this study that the socioeconomic conditions show the hidden causes of the infection rate of E. coli and Klebsiella. Accordingly, deal with it and reduce its spread

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology, 2022

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most frequent opportunistic pathogens. We aimed to carry... more Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most frequent opportunistic pathogens. We aimed to carry out this study on antimicrobial resistance pattern and phylogenetic background of E. coli isolated from children who have diarrhea in different hospitals of the Iraqi Kurdistan region. A total of 200 fecal samples of children (52.5% male and 47.5% female) were included. Stool samples were cultured on selective media to isolate E. coli bacteria. The antibiotic susceptibility testing and molecular characterization of the isolates were carried out. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion test disc PCR was used to detect five antimicrobial resistance genes coding for β-lactamases (blaTEM, and blaCTX, blaOXA, blaSHV, blaCMY) to study phylogenetic grouping of E. coli. The Escherichia coli were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and the highest resistance was seen to Cefotaxime (45.4%). According to the phylogenetic grouping of E. coli isolates, group B2 was the dominant group and blaOXAgene (57.5%) was the predominant resistance genes among E. coli isolates. This study demonstrated the clinical concern of E. coli in children. The E. coli are highly resistance to common beta-lactam antibiotics and there are high rates of the resistance genes among E. coli isolates in children. An antibiotic surveillance would be useful continuously control and prevention of infectious diarrhea in children.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects most cell types, the virus establishes lifelong latency... more Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects most cell types, the virus establishes lifelong latency in its host. Latent CMV is mainly associated with white blood cells, which are responsible for CMV transmission by blood transfusion. In healthy immunocompetent individuals, primary CMV infection usually is asymptomatic, while in immunocompromised individuals and low birth weight (LBW) neonates can cause severe illness with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine CMV seropositivity among blood donors in Koya. Methods: Serum samples were taken from (370) voluntary blood donors in Shahid Doctor Khalid Hospital in Koya, to detect anti-CMV IgM and IgG antibodies by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: Out of 370 blood donors, were 14 (3.8%) positive for anti-CMV IgM, while 352 (95.1%) were positive for anti-CMV IgG antibodies. Statistically significant differences were seen among age groups regarding anti-CMV IgG ...

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, 2018

Disorder of maternal immune responses during pregnancy triggers immunological rejection of fetus ... more Disorder of maternal immune responses during pregnancy triggers immunological rejection of fetus antigens by maternal immune components, contribute to spontaneous abortion or miscarriage. The study was designed to concentrated on immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG and IgA) and complement elements (C3 and C4) serum levels changes in normal pregnant and abortion women. Study groups were classified into normal pregnant women (20), spontaneous abortion (30) and non-pregnant women (16) as a control group, attending to Shahid Dr. Khalid Hospital/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics/Koya city. Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA), complement proteins (C3 and C4) were determined and analyzed for normal pregnant, abortion and control groups by using Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) technique. The results demonstrated that concentration of IgG levels in abortion differed significantly in compare to normal pregnancy (p ≤0.05), while there were no significant differences in IgM a...

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research

COVID-19 is the deadly respiratory disease of the century caused by new type unknown origin Coron... more COVID-19 is the deadly respiratory disease of the century caused by new type unknown origin Coronavirus. The recent effort of the word researchers is toward finding the origin of the virus. The current study investigated the extent of molecular similarity and divergence between SARS-CoV2 and other related Coronavirus. An attempt has been made to investigate the epidemiological study of this new contagious virus using molecular biology techniques. The phylogenetic trees for all human coronaviruses with the novel Coronavirus have been built using a several complete amino acid sequences of the four known structural proteins, S (spike), E (envelope), M (membrane), and N (nucleocapsid). The result of the study revealed that the SARS-CoV2 is related to human SARS-CoV isolated from different countries very cloely, especially those strains recovered from China in recent times, 2020. The evolutionary changes observed in the inserted 23 amino acids in the RNA binding domain (RBD) of the coron...

ZANCO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Understanding the fungal community structure of soil is important for optimizing their role as de... more Understanding the fungal community structure of soil is important for optimizing their role as decomposers in the soil food web. In order to explore the fungal composition and diversity in Haibat Sultan Mountain soil, PCR used based cloning and sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of genome. Soil samples were collected from different depth points (1, 5 to 10 cm depth) and fungal universal primers targeting ITS2 region of the fungal genome were used to assess their diversity in soil samples. More than 1400 fungal clones were sequenced and led to detect total of 89 OTUs in all samples. The majority of the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belong to the Ascomycota (67.4%), the second most constituents of soil samples were Basidiomycota with (28.1%), and few members of Zygomycota were detected. Concluded that fungal richness and diversity were abundant at the depth of 1 cm and reached their peak at the depth of 5 cm, while at the depth of 10 cm, the fungal communities decreased. The highest Chao1 and Shannon value were obtained at the soil depth of 5 cm followed by soil depth 1cm, whereas the lowest value was detected in soil depth 10 cm. Results highlight the variations of fungal diversity at different depth points. Thus, further studies are needed to expand knowledge about fungi communities in soil through using high-throughput sequencing to improve detection fungi in soil.

ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY

Coronavirus is a pandemic disease. In most cases, the exact infection rate cannot be determined a... more Coronavirus is a pandemic disease. In most cases, the exact infection rate cannot be determined as not everybody can be tested for the virus, even though some of them carry the virus silently. Therefore, detection of antibodies of this virus is more practical to give us a better clue about the rate of infection because the asymptomatic people can be tested too. The serological detection of anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) antibodies among asymptomatic and moderate symptomatic individuals gives us the vital point to understanding the prevalence rate of COVID-19 among the population. Total of (436) volunteers were participated, (96) from teaching staff, (172) employee, and (168) students. Anti-SARS-COV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) were detected in the serum by ELISA technique, and complete blood count was performed for all participants. The number of seropositive of anti-SARS-COV-2/IgG was (159), whereas IgM was (66). The highest p...

ZANCO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, Dec 27, 2017

Patients who have cancer are more prone to get infections than healthy individuals. In this study... more Patients who have cancer are more prone to get infections than healthy individuals. In this study, we applied cloning sequencing technique to identify the mycobiome and other transient fungal components in the digestive tract of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Leucopenia and anemia and compare it with the fungal components of healthy individuals. Fungal universal primer pair targeting ITS region of the fungal genome was used to assess the fungal components in fecal samples. Approximately more than 1,481 clones were selected and subjected to sequence analysis resulted in detection of a total of 44 and 43 fungal species from both fecal samples of cancer patients and healthy control individuals respectively. The majority of fungi were assigned to the 3 taxa Ascomycota (n = 39/63, 61.9 %), Basidiomycota (n = 23/63, 36.5 %) and Zygomycota (n= 1/63, 1.6 %). Fungal species such as Candida parapsilosis, Candida dubliniensis, Malassezia restricta were represented only in the feces of cancer patients. Moreover, the results from analyzing ITS clone library revealed that the most frequently detected fungi of the Malassezia genus (Malassezia globosa, Malassezia pachydermatis, Malassezia restricta) were retrieved in high amount in the fecal samples of cancer patients compared with those of healthy volunteers. Further efforts and studies are needed to shed light on the complex relationships between the fungal populations and the host immune system in cancer patients.

Iraqi postgraduate Medical Journal, 2010

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. E, Medical Entomology and Parasitology, Oct 7, 2022

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2022

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology, 2022

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, 2018

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research

ZANCO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES

ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY

ZANCO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, Dec 27, 2017