Brajaballav kar | KIIT School of Management (original) (raw)
Papers by Brajaballav kar
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
We often hear about things like; if we have to achieve a GDP growth rate of 10 percent, then we n... more We often hear about things like; if we have to achieve a GDP growth rate of 10 percent, then we need this many engineers, this many IT professionals, doctors, paramedics, nurses etc. Studies show that there exist a correlation between the expected growth rate and requirement of professionals to achieve such a growth rate. Even in case of a no-growth condition, we still theoretically need to have professionals, who are going to replace the professionals who would be retiring soon, out of the market. Similarly in case firms, new firm formation growth has to be sufficient, in order to achieve the economic growth. The new firm formation goes through a complex grid of economic, social, cultural and policy driven factors. Odisha, being a resource rich but economically poor state, needs more economic change agents (entrepreneurs) to convert resources to economic benefits, and drive the required growth. Government has brought many policies to give incentives to entrepreneurship in form of specific industry policies to MSME. New firm formations are more effectuated as MSMEs. So it becomes important to analyse the factors involved in the formation and mortality of MSMEs. Here, in this article, we analyse these factors, in the context of Odisha.
Indian Journal of Marketing, May 1, 2023
AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship, Mar 31, 2022
Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior
Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, Apr 20, 2023
African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, May 6, 2022
Considering the contributions of Micro-Small-&-Medium Enterprises (MSME) for a regional-economy, ... more Considering the contributions of Micro-Small-&-Medium Enterprises (MSME) for a regional-economy, an empirical study of 213 MSM entrepreneurs in Odisha, in eastern-India, was conducted to validate and verify various causal-relationships of socioeconomic factors associated with 'entrepreneurial-intention'. Women constituted 25% of the respondents. The study evaluated their post-facto motivation factors. It also studied gender-gap in the field of entrepreneurship and examined the differences in motivation level between genders towards entrepreneurship. The study found women take up business as the 'second income' source and for 'social wellbeing'. The findings indicated that entrepreneurial intent is related to the following factors: prior knowledge of business functions, source and evaluation of the business idea, efficacy, ability to measure business performance and satisfaction derived from entrepreneurial effort. However, intent is not related to social supp...
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2017
Background: The World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) is a well-validated,... more Background: The World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) is a well-validated, cross-cultural, generic instrument to measure the quality of life, which is available in many languages. Objective: It was intended to translate and validate the WHOQOL-BREF in Odia, an Indian language. Materials and Methods: WHOQOL translation methodology was adopted that included forward and backward translation and contribution from bi- and monolingual individuals. A sample of adult patients attending psychiatric unit and their caregivers without mental illness completed the questionnaire. Psychometric properties of the Odia version including reliability, validity, and item's correlation with their assigned domains were assessed. Results: A total of 150 individuals were included in the study, comprising 91 patients and 59 caregivers as healthy controls. Validity as measured by known group's comparison produced significant result in all the four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment), overall quality of life and health. There was significant correlation of the questionnaire items with their original assigned domain scores. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable; Cronbach's alpha value for the whole scale was 0.81 and that for individual domains were physical health: 0.71, psychological health: 0.70, social relationships: 0.65, and environmental health: 0.71. Conclusion: The study presents the preliminary findings on the psychometric properties of the Odia version of WHOQOL-BREF and suggests that it has acceptable reliability and validity for use in clinical settings involving patients with mental illness.
SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies, 2020
Mentoring is essential when we consider the socio-economic profile of small business owners and t... more Mentoring is essential when we consider the socio-economic profile of small business owners and the considerable rate of business failure. Entrepreneurs are independent as well as innovative by nature, and they may not like to discuss their confidential business issues with a third party. On the other hand, a mentor has to understand, help, support and improve overall aspects of the mentee’s business. Thus, mentoring entrepreneurs seems to be inherently contradictory. The function of the mentor and the mentoring process outcomes are not precisely understood. The argument ‘Mentoring is what a mentor does’ indicates the lack of clarity. This research uses a semi-structured interview and survey method to understand the mentoring process in practice. The perceptions and expectations of mentors and small business owners are analysed. Findings indicate that mentors are more likely to underestimate the outcomes of the mentoring process compared to mentees. The appropriate experience and ex...
AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship
Empirical Research for Futuristic E-Commerce Systems
The rapid growth in online purchases and product return pose challenges to the supply chain. The ... more The rapid growth in online purchases and product return pose challenges to the supply chain. The demography influences purchases. After an extensive literature review, the authors examine if the product return in online purchases depends on demographic factors and product categories. This online survey-based research analyzed the 619 responses and identifies that age, gender, profession, search intensity have a significant relationship with the return frequency. After using statistical analysis, findings suggest that the family income, payment method, purchase frequency, monthly spending do not have a significant influence on return frequency. Similarly, analysis indicated age, gender, profession, and search intensity to be significant. Textile and household goods showed a significant relationship with return frequency from the different categories. This research emphasizes the role of demography factors; however, online purchase and return is a complex process involving the role of...
Social Science Research Network, Dec 11, 2017
International journal of knowledge management and practices, Mar 31, 2019
With the improvement in technology, the data acquisition capability, its storage and analysis hav... more With the improvement in technology, the data acquisition capability, its storage and analysis have gone up manifold. However, the costs related to such activities have gone down significantly. This leads to the abundance of data everywhere. Notwithstanding the data omni-presence, users process data selectively, take intuitive decisions, work under both data-overload and data-poverty. Arguably, the healthcare sector has enormous challenges in achieving universal basic health services, providing safe, effective, affordable and timely intervention for patients. The sector involves communication between various stakeholders such as government, healthcare institutions, doctors, patients, and insurance companies. This byzantine, recursive, and helical process generates enormous data. In healthcare practice one of the most important issues is that the big data creation is not purposive; availability of data may not be for the purpose for its use. Secondly, if less data is equally sufficient to make a good quality decision, then big data may bring in confusion. Thirdly, at a conceptual level, statistics relies on effective sampling methods to generalize and predict about population. Big data analytics also uses above principles, indicating that the availability of data alone is not enough. Another daunting challenge is data ownership; data gatherers’ claim of exclusivity is unethical which raises questions about privacy, user rights, and public ownership etc. From the business model perspective, the data creation becomes free and thus marginal propensity to consume increases exponentially. This paper takes a contrarian approach and presents the challenges and critics towards the implementation of big data processes in healthcare.
Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 2021
The study of intention to enter into business is more common compared to the intention to exit, b... more The study of intention to enter into business is more common compared to the intention to exit, but exit is more common than the success in entrepreneurship. The study investigates quit intention among youth entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. The quit intention among existing entrepreneurs is investigated with respect to demography, family situations, business performance, challenges and personal satisfaction derived from the business. A self-reported, validated and reliable questionnaire with Likert scale and binary responses is used to collect primary data from 350 young entrepreneurs within the age group of 18 to 29 years. The tests for mean differences (t test), and Phi/Cramer’s V test were conducted to find differences between factors for long term quit intention. The binary logistic regression test was conducted to find overall impact of factors. The study finds that the gender, prior work experience, enterprise age, family’s occupation, sources of capital, financial challenges, prior training, administrative and legal challenges and social preference for entrepreneurship have statistically significant impact on the quit intention of youth entrepreneur. Interestingly, the study finds that higher level of performance is correlated with higher level of perceived challenges.
Considering the contributions of Micro-Small-&-Medium Enterprises (MSME) for a regional-economy, ... more Considering the contributions of Micro-Small-&-Medium Enterprises (MSME) for a regional-economy, an empirical study of 213 MSM entrepreneurs in Odisha, in easternIndia, was conducted to validate and verify various causal-relationships of socio-economic factors associated with ‘entrepreneurial-intention’. Women constituted 25% of the respondents. The study evaluated their post-facto motivation factors. It also studied gender-gap in the field of entrepreneurship and examined the differences in motivation level between genders towards entrepreneurship. The study found women take up business as the ‘second income’ source and for ‘social wellbeing’. The findings indicated that entrepreneurial intent is related to the following factors: prior knowledge of business functions, source and evaluation of the business idea, efficacy, ability to measure business performance and satisfaction derived from entrepreneurial effort. However, intent is not related to social support, work experience, su...
SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies, 2016
There are many motives for the choice of entrepreneurship as career. Literature indicates wealth ... more There are many motives for the choice of entrepreneurship as career. Literature indicates wealth motives and independence as most important drivers of intention. Social entrepreneurship as a career choice has social wellbeing as a distinct driver of motivation. In one direction the entrepreneur is aggrandizing wealth for self and in other direction the entrepreneur is sacrificing for the common good. The research investigates this dichotomy from existing entrepreneurs and finds the dominant intention paradigm. The research design takes the convenient sampling of 213 entrepreneurs and seeks the response in a 5 point Likert Scale. The data analysis indicates that entrepreneurship intent has a strong social dimension and entrepreneurs think creation of social wellbeing is one of the prime motivations. It indicates that addressing social problems and creation of social benefit are the roles entrepreneurs take up. It also indicates that the employees of the organization, community and other social institutions tend to gain from the entrepreneurial process. The research suggests that the community also needs to reciprocate in supporting entrepreneurial effort.
SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies, 2016
Over past few years, there has been lot of emphasis for promotion of entrepreneurship in India an... more Over past few years, there has been lot of emphasis for promotion of entrepreneurship in India and particularly in the North-Eastern states. These states in India represent a distinct socio-economic and geographical identity. Research in areas of entrepreneurship and economy usually focuses on the number and size of the business entities. However, the age distribution of business entities gives a lot of useful insight about the formation or firms, structure and prevailing economic environment of any region. This paper attempts to respond the need of research in this direction. This region-specific and secondary data based study considers 7 North East sister states of India, namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalay, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. It uses the company registration data of the live companies, from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Government of India for each year up to 2014. It also takes various other socio economic data from different government sources. Put together, these states are reported to have 1.025 million Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and 6265 companies. Assam has the lion’s share in numbers of MSMEs as well as Companies. In this research the age of the companies is calculated as on the year 2015 and pertinent questions about the rate of formation, growth and decline in these states in terms of the age of the business is discussed. The research tries to evaluate if there is any relationship between major socio economic parameters, formation of companies and MSMEs. This research contributes to the theory as well as practice by indicating the industry age and its characteristics in the North-Eastern region of India.
Parikalpana: KIIT Journal of Management, 2017
This case study presents a unique case of spectacular growth and dramatic failure of entrepreneur... more This case study presents a unique case of spectacular growth and dramatic failure of entrepreneurial endeavour. Often the entrepreneurship is a group dynamics rather than a pure individual play. Each individual in the team is not sufficient to fructify a new venture formation alone. At the same time having an organic team from the beginning is difficult. The team formation process would have its own challenges; it would depend more on level of trust between the partners. However, trust can't be taken for granted in a formal organization setting, so there is need for adequate reporting and control mechanism. The entrepreneurial organization can't have byzantine reporting, control and audit procedure, and thus has to depend on the level of trust. Considering this aspect the entrepreneurial organization has to transform itself into a professionally managed organization, but the exact time and context can't be predetermined. If the transformation is not appropriate there is inherent risk to survival. During the start up phase promoters would have role overlap and unclear hierarchy, their actions and motives regarding wealth and power would determine the fate of new venture. This ethnographic research was the result of interview process of one of the promoters of the company. It is divided into two parts, the first part describes the events that unfolded during the entrepreneurship process and the second part describes teaching note with applicable theories.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
We often hear about things like; if we have to achieve a GDP growth rate of 10 percent, then we n... more We often hear about things like; if we have to achieve a GDP growth rate of 10 percent, then we need this many engineers, this many IT professionals, doctors, paramedics, nurses etc. Studies show that there exist a correlation between the expected growth rate and requirement of professionals to achieve such a growth rate. Even in case of a no-growth condition, we still theoretically need to have professionals, who are going to replace the professionals who would be retiring soon, out of the market. Similarly in case firms, new firm formation growth has to be sufficient, in order to achieve the economic growth. The new firm formation goes through a complex grid of economic, social, cultural and policy driven factors. Odisha, being a resource rich but economically poor state, needs more economic change agents (entrepreneurs) to convert resources to economic benefits, and drive the required growth. Government has brought many policies to give incentives to entrepreneurship in form of specific industry policies to MSME. New firm formations are more effectuated as MSMEs. So it becomes important to analyse the factors involved in the formation and mortality of MSMEs. Here, in this article, we analyse these factors, in the context of Odisha.
Indian Journal of Marketing, May 1, 2023
AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship, Mar 31, 2022
Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior
Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, Apr 20, 2023
African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, May 6, 2022
Considering the contributions of Micro-Small-&-Medium Enterprises (MSME) for a regional-economy, ... more Considering the contributions of Micro-Small-&-Medium Enterprises (MSME) for a regional-economy, an empirical study of 213 MSM entrepreneurs in Odisha, in eastern-India, was conducted to validate and verify various causal-relationships of socioeconomic factors associated with 'entrepreneurial-intention'. Women constituted 25% of the respondents. The study evaluated their post-facto motivation factors. It also studied gender-gap in the field of entrepreneurship and examined the differences in motivation level between genders towards entrepreneurship. The study found women take up business as the 'second income' source and for 'social wellbeing'. The findings indicated that entrepreneurial intent is related to the following factors: prior knowledge of business functions, source and evaluation of the business idea, efficacy, ability to measure business performance and satisfaction derived from entrepreneurial effort. However, intent is not related to social supp...
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2017
Background: The World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) is a well-validated,... more Background: The World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) is a well-validated, cross-cultural, generic instrument to measure the quality of life, which is available in many languages. Objective: It was intended to translate and validate the WHOQOL-BREF in Odia, an Indian language. Materials and Methods: WHOQOL translation methodology was adopted that included forward and backward translation and contribution from bi- and monolingual individuals. A sample of adult patients attending psychiatric unit and their caregivers without mental illness completed the questionnaire. Psychometric properties of the Odia version including reliability, validity, and item's correlation with their assigned domains were assessed. Results: A total of 150 individuals were included in the study, comprising 91 patients and 59 caregivers as healthy controls. Validity as measured by known group's comparison produced significant result in all the four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment), overall quality of life and health. There was significant correlation of the questionnaire items with their original assigned domain scores. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable; Cronbach's alpha value for the whole scale was 0.81 and that for individual domains were physical health: 0.71, psychological health: 0.70, social relationships: 0.65, and environmental health: 0.71. Conclusion: The study presents the preliminary findings on the psychometric properties of the Odia version of WHOQOL-BREF and suggests that it has acceptable reliability and validity for use in clinical settings involving patients with mental illness.
SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies, 2020
Mentoring is essential when we consider the socio-economic profile of small business owners and t... more Mentoring is essential when we consider the socio-economic profile of small business owners and the considerable rate of business failure. Entrepreneurs are independent as well as innovative by nature, and they may not like to discuss their confidential business issues with a third party. On the other hand, a mentor has to understand, help, support and improve overall aspects of the mentee’s business. Thus, mentoring entrepreneurs seems to be inherently contradictory. The function of the mentor and the mentoring process outcomes are not precisely understood. The argument ‘Mentoring is what a mentor does’ indicates the lack of clarity. This research uses a semi-structured interview and survey method to understand the mentoring process in practice. The perceptions and expectations of mentors and small business owners are analysed. Findings indicate that mentors are more likely to underestimate the outcomes of the mentoring process compared to mentees. The appropriate experience and ex...
AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship
Empirical Research for Futuristic E-Commerce Systems
The rapid growth in online purchases and product return pose challenges to the supply chain. The ... more The rapid growth in online purchases and product return pose challenges to the supply chain. The demography influences purchases. After an extensive literature review, the authors examine if the product return in online purchases depends on demographic factors and product categories. This online survey-based research analyzed the 619 responses and identifies that age, gender, profession, search intensity have a significant relationship with the return frequency. After using statistical analysis, findings suggest that the family income, payment method, purchase frequency, monthly spending do not have a significant influence on return frequency. Similarly, analysis indicated age, gender, profession, and search intensity to be significant. Textile and household goods showed a significant relationship with return frequency from the different categories. This research emphasizes the role of demography factors; however, online purchase and return is a complex process involving the role of...
Social Science Research Network, Dec 11, 2017
International journal of knowledge management and practices, Mar 31, 2019
With the improvement in technology, the data acquisition capability, its storage and analysis hav... more With the improvement in technology, the data acquisition capability, its storage and analysis have gone up manifold. However, the costs related to such activities have gone down significantly. This leads to the abundance of data everywhere. Notwithstanding the data omni-presence, users process data selectively, take intuitive decisions, work under both data-overload and data-poverty. Arguably, the healthcare sector has enormous challenges in achieving universal basic health services, providing safe, effective, affordable and timely intervention for patients. The sector involves communication between various stakeholders such as government, healthcare institutions, doctors, patients, and insurance companies. This byzantine, recursive, and helical process generates enormous data. In healthcare practice one of the most important issues is that the big data creation is not purposive; availability of data may not be for the purpose for its use. Secondly, if less data is equally sufficient to make a good quality decision, then big data may bring in confusion. Thirdly, at a conceptual level, statistics relies on effective sampling methods to generalize and predict about population. Big data analytics also uses above principles, indicating that the availability of data alone is not enough. Another daunting challenge is data ownership; data gatherers’ claim of exclusivity is unethical which raises questions about privacy, user rights, and public ownership etc. From the business model perspective, the data creation becomes free and thus marginal propensity to consume increases exponentially. This paper takes a contrarian approach and presents the challenges and critics towards the implementation of big data processes in healthcare.
Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 2021
The study of intention to enter into business is more common compared to the intention to exit, b... more The study of intention to enter into business is more common compared to the intention to exit, but exit is more common than the success in entrepreneurship. The study investigates quit intention among youth entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. The quit intention among existing entrepreneurs is investigated with respect to demography, family situations, business performance, challenges and personal satisfaction derived from the business. A self-reported, validated and reliable questionnaire with Likert scale and binary responses is used to collect primary data from 350 young entrepreneurs within the age group of 18 to 29 years. The tests for mean differences (t test), and Phi/Cramer’s V test were conducted to find differences between factors for long term quit intention. The binary logistic regression test was conducted to find overall impact of factors. The study finds that the gender, prior work experience, enterprise age, family’s occupation, sources of capital, financial challenges, prior training, administrative and legal challenges and social preference for entrepreneurship have statistically significant impact on the quit intention of youth entrepreneur. Interestingly, the study finds that higher level of performance is correlated with higher level of perceived challenges.
Considering the contributions of Micro-Small-&-Medium Enterprises (MSME) for a regional-economy, ... more Considering the contributions of Micro-Small-&-Medium Enterprises (MSME) for a regional-economy, an empirical study of 213 MSM entrepreneurs in Odisha, in easternIndia, was conducted to validate and verify various causal-relationships of socio-economic factors associated with ‘entrepreneurial-intention’. Women constituted 25% of the respondents. The study evaluated their post-facto motivation factors. It also studied gender-gap in the field of entrepreneurship and examined the differences in motivation level between genders towards entrepreneurship. The study found women take up business as the ‘second income’ source and for ‘social wellbeing’. The findings indicated that entrepreneurial intent is related to the following factors: prior knowledge of business functions, source and evaluation of the business idea, efficacy, ability to measure business performance and satisfaction derived from entrepreneurial effort. However, intent is not related to social support, work experience, su...
SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies, 2016
There are many motives for the choice of entrepreneurship as career. Literature indicates wealth ... more There are many motives for the choice of entrepreneurship as career. Literature indicates wealth motives and independence as most important drivers of intention. Social entrepreneurship as a career choice has social wellbeing as a distinct driver of motivation. In one direction the entrepreneur is aggrandizing wealth for self and in other direction the entrepreneur is sacrificing for the common good. The research investigates this dichotomy from existing entrepreneurs and finds the dominant intention paradigm. The research design takes the convenient sampling of 213 entrepreneurs and seeks the response in a 5 point Likert Scale. The data analysis indicates that entrepreneurship intent has a strong social dimension and entrepreneurs think creation of social wellbeing is one of the prime motivations. It indicates that addressing social problems and creation of social benefit are the roles entrepreneurs take up. It also indicates that the employees of the organization, community and other social institutions tend to gain from the entrepreneurial process. The research suggests that the community also needs to reciprocate in supporting entrepreneurial effort.
SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies, 2016
Over past few years, there has been lot of emphasis for promotion of entrepreneurship in India an... more Over past few years, there has been lot of emphasis for promotion of entrepreneurship in India and particularly in the North-Eastern states. These states in India represent a distinct socio-economic and geographical identity. Research in areas of entrepreneurship and economy usually focuses on the number and size of the business entities. However, the age distribution of business entities gives a lot of useful insight about the formation or firms, structure and prevailing economic environment of any region. This paper attempts to respond the need of research in this direction. This region-specific and secondary data based study considers 7 North East sister states of India, namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalay, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. It uses the company registration data of the live companies, from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Government of India for each year up to 2014. It also takes various other socio economic data from different government sources. Put together, these states are reported to have 1.025 million Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and 6265 companies. Assam has the lion’s share in numbers of MSMEs as well as Companies. In this research the age of the companies is calculated as on the year 2015 and pertinent questions about the rate of formation, growth and decline in these states in terms of the age of the business is discussed. The research tries to evaluate if there is any relationship between major socio economic parameters, formation of companies and MSMEs. This research contributes to the theory as well as practice by indicating the industry age and its characteristics in the North-Eastern region of India.
Parikalpana: KIIT Journal of Management, 2017
This case study presents a unique case of spectacular growth and dramatic failure of entrepreneur... more This case study presents a unique case of spectacular growth and dramatic failure of entrepreneurial endeavour. Often the entrepreneurship is a group dynamics rather than a pure individual play. Each individual in the team is not sufficient to fructify a new venture formation alone. At the same time having an organic team from the beginning is difficult. The team formation process would have its own challenges; it would depend more on level of trust between the partners. However, trust can't be taken for granted in a formal organization setting, so there is need for adequate reporting and control mechanism. The entrepreneurial organization can't have byzantine reporting, control and audit procedure, and thus has to depend on the level of trust. Considering this aspect the entrepreneurial organization has to transform itself into a professionally managed organization, but the exact time and context can't be predetermined. If the transformation is not appropriate there is inherent risk to survival. During the start up phase promoters would have role overlap and unclear hierarchy, their actions and motives regarding wealth and power would determine the fate of new venture. This ethnographic research was the result of interview process of one of the promoters of the company. It is divided into two parts, the first part describes the events that unfolded during the entrepreneurship process and the second part describes teaching note with applicable theories.