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Papers by Mindaugas Zilys

Research paper thumbnail of An Improved Near-field Magnetic Probe Radiation Profile Boundaries Assessment for Optimal Radiated Susceptibility Pre-Mapping

Symmetry

In this paper, the near-field radiated susceptibility pre-mapping method is proposed using the im... more In this paper, the near-field radiated susceptibility pre-mapping method is proposed using the improved near-field probe power radiation profile assessment. The modelling of the electromagnetic field strength in 80–3000 MHz range in the proximity of the near-field probe was performed. The −6 dB aperture boundaries of the near-field probe and their variation, due to the proximity of the radio frequency (RF) printed circuit board (PCB) components, were determined, while the aperture map distortion, arising from the proximity of the passive RF PCB components were evaluated. The scanning path requirements for the RF susceptibility mapping were determined. The simulation of improved near-field probe absolute magnetic field strength reference map in open-air conditions is carried out in this work. The comparative analysis using the absolute maximum difference metric of orthogonal absolute magnetic field map cross-sections between the reference map and magnetic field maps affected by the p...

Research paper thumbnail of Research of the Operator’s Advisory System Based on Fuzzy Logic for Pelletizing Equipment

Symmetry

Fertilizer manufacturing in the chemical industry is closely related with agricultural production... more Fertilizer manufacturing in the chemical industry is closely related with agricultural production. More than a half of raw materials for food products are grown by fertilizing plants. The demand of fertilizers has been constantly increasing along the growth of human population. Fertilizer manufacturers face millions of losses each year due to poor quality products. One of the most common reasons is wrong decisions in control of manufacturing processes. Operator’s experience has the highest influence on this. This paper analyzes the pellet measurement data, collected at the fertilizer plant by using indirect measurements. The results of these measurements are used to construct the model of equipment status control, based on the fuzzy logic. The proposed solution allows to respond to changes in production parameters in a 7–10 times faster manner. On average, a manufacturer with production volumes of up to 80 tonnes/hour could have lost about 8400 tonnes/year of high-quality production...

Research paper thumbnail of Two thermocouples low power wireless sensors network

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

This paper presents technologies and experiments of a wireless sensors using two thermocouples ne... more This paper presents technologies and experiments of a wireless sensors using two thermocouples network. It was established that the energy consumption during sensor measurements is usually up to 10 times lower compared to the energy consumption at the time of establishing wireless connection for most protocols. For this reason, new simplified wireless connection protocol was created. Extremely low energy wireless sensor hardware and software equipment was designed. The newly created universal measurement module allows the use not only thermocouples, but also various types of analogue sensors, thermocouples, pressure bridges, Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD) and digital sensors communicating through SPI or I2C interface. The newly designed specific power supply scheme allows to supply the sensor and radio module with the voltage from 1.2 V to 3.6 V batteries. When conducting periodic measurements every second, the use of newly designed hardware and software equipment enables the wireless sensor to be operated for up to 3 years from two 1200 mAh capacity batteries.

Research paper thumbnail of An Effective Method of Vehicle Speed Evaluation in Systems Using Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive Sensors

IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine

Research paper thumbnail of Practical Methods for Vehicle Speed Estimation Using a Microprocessor-Embedded System with AMR Sensors

Sensors

The proper operation of computing resources in a microprocessor-embedded system plays a key role ... more The proper operation of computing resources in a microprocessor-embedded system plays a key role in reducing computing time. Processing the variable amount of collected data in real-time improves the performance of a microprocessor-embedded system. In this regard, a vehicle's speed measurement system is no exception. The computing time for evaluating any speed value is expected to be reduced as much as possible. Four computational methods, including cross-correlation, are discussed. An exemplary pair of recorded signals presenting the change in magnetic field magnitude is analyzed. The sample delay values are compared. The results of the evaluated speed and the execution time of the program code are presented for each method based on a dataset of 200 randomly driven vehicles. The results of the performed tests confirm that the cross-correlation-based methods are not always reliable in situations when the sample size is small, i.e., it is a segment of the impulse response caused by a driving vehicle.

Research paper thumbnail of Vehicle Speed and Length Estimation Using Data from Two Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) Sensors

Sensors

Methods for estimating a car's length are presented in this paper, as well as the results achieve... more Methods for estimating a car's length are presented in this paper, as well as the results achieved by using a self-designed system equipped with two anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors, which were placed on a road lane. The purpose of the research was to compare the lengths of mid-size cars, i.e., family cars (hatchbacks), saloons (sedans), station wagons and SUVs. Four methods were used in the research: a simple threshold based method, a threshold method based on moving average and standard deviation, a two-extreme-peak detection method and a method based on the amplitude and time normalization using linear extrapolation (or interpolation). The results were achieved by analyzing changes in the magnitude and in the absolute z-component of the magnetic field as well. The tests, which were performed in four different Earth directions, show differences in the values of estimated lengths. The magnitude-based results in the case when cars drove from the South to the North direction were even up to 1.2 m higher than the other results achieved using the threshold methods. Smaller differences in lengths were observed when the distances were measured between two extreme peaks in the car magnetic signatures. The results were summarized in tables and the errors of estimated lengths were presented. The maximal errors, related to real lengths, were up to 22%.

Research paper thumbnail of Research of the Defects in PET preform

2016 21st International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Integrated Security Systems Reaction

The concept which is formulated enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) co... more The concept which is formulated enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) considering from the influence-reaction parameter point. Reaction strategy algorithm selection allows to minimize reaction time to danger influence and maximize efficiency of security system. Modern computer technologies allows real time strategies simulation and ISS reaction control.

Research paper thumbnail of Intelektualiosios transporto valdymo sistemos

Research paper thumbnail of Electronic Parking Control Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Methods for Long Vehicles Speed Estimation Using Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) Sensors and Reference Piezoelectric Sensor

Sensors

With rapidly increasing traffic occupancy, intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are a vital ... more With rapidly increasing traffic occupancy, intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are a vital feature for urban areas. This paper analyses methods for estimating long (L > 10 m) vehicle speed and length using a self-developed system, equipped with two anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors, and introduces a method for verifying the results. A well-known cross-correlation method of magnetic signatures is not appropriate for calculating the vehicle speed of long vehicles owing to limited resources and a long calculation time. Therefore, the adaptive signature cropping algorithm was developed and used with a difference quotient of a magnetic signature. An additional piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor and video camera provide ground truth to evaluate the performances. The prototype system was installed on the urban road and tested under various traffic and weather conditions. The accuracy of results was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute percentage er...

Research paper thumbnail of Revised Evaluation of Hemodilution Response in the Semi-Closed Loop Infusion System

Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Dynamic Vehicle Detection via the Use of Magnetic Field Sensors

Sensors, 2016

The vehicle detection process plays the key role in determining the success of intelligent transp... more The vehicle detection process plays the key role in determining the success of intelligent transport management system solutions. The measurement of distortions of the Earth's magnetic field using magnetic field sensors served as the basis for designing a solution aimed at vehicle detection. In accordance with the results obtained from research into process modeling and experimentally testing all the relevant hypotheses an algorithm for vehicle detection using the state criteria was proposed. Aiming to evaluate all of the possibilities, as well as pros and cons of the use of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors in the transport flow control process, we have performed a series of experiments with various vehicles (or different series) from several car manufacturers. A comparison of 12 selected methods, based on either the process of determining the peak signal values and their concurrence in time whilst calculating the delay, or by measuring the cross-correlation of these signals, was carried out. It was established that the relative error can be minimized via the Z component cross-correlation and Kz criterion cross-correlation methods. The average relative error of vehicle speed determination in the best case did not exceed 1.5% when the distance between sensors was set to 2 m.

Research paper thumbnail of Peculiarities of the Third Natural Frequency Vibrations of a Cantilever for the Improvement of Energy Harvesting

Sensors, 2015

This paper focuses on several aspects extending the dynamical efficiency of a cantilever beam vib... more This paper focuses on several aspects extending the dynamical efficiency of a cantilever beam vibrating in the third mode. A few ways of producing this mode stimulation, namely vibro-impact or forced excitation, as well as its application for energy harvesting devices are proposed. The paper presents numerical and experimental analyses of novel structural dynamics effects along with an optimal configuration of the cantilever beam. The peculiarities of a cantilever beam vibrating in the third mode are related to the significant increase of the level of deformations capable of extracting significant additional amounts of energy compared to the conventional harvester vibrating in the first mode. Two types of a piezoelectric vibrating energy harvester (PVEH) prototype are analysed in this paper: the first one without electrode segmentation, while the second is segmented using electrode segmentation at the strain nodes of the third vibration mode to achieve effective operation at the third resonant frequency. The results of this research revealed that the voltage generated by any segment of the segmented PVEH prototype excited at the third resonant frequency demonstrated a 3.4-4.8-fold increase in comparison with the

Research paper thumbnail of Optimizing strategic control of integrated security systems

The motivation to write this work was induced by the need to evaluate the parameters of security ... more The motivation to write this work was induced by the need to evaluate the parameters of security systems, to analyze in detail the processes, which occur in security system evaluation and suggest the possible ways of their optimization. The concept, which is formulated, enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) considering from the influence-reaction parameter point. Reaction strategy algorithm selection allows minimizing reaction time to danger influence and maximizing efficiency of security system. Modern computer technologies allow real time strategies simulation and ISS reaction control. The analysis of the event stream's experimental data and integrated security system's net model simulation algorithms enable the further development and perfection of the security system

Research paper thumbnail of Information flow model of integrated security system

The goal of this paper is to study the effectivity and reliability of signal transferring by secu... more The goal of this paper is to study the effectivity and reliability of signal transferring by security systems via communication channels, as well as to define the main criteria of the available communication channels affecting the total response time of security systems. This paper mainly models and empirically solves the following tasks: application of information theory on streams in telecommunication systems to integrated security systems and calculations of system losses. With respect to the fundamentals of massive service systems, a model is imitated for the security systems. Using this model, experiments on the reliability and effectiveness of security systems are performed, so as to find more effective and reliable operating algorithms for security systems

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling of the Traffic Control Systems

The implementation of the traffic control systems can help solving such motor transport related p... more The implementation of the traffic control systems can help solving such motor transport related problems as environmental pollution, gridlocks, car thefts, road safety. The main goal of this paper is to analyze application of the video observation system to the transport control as well as to create the road formation system model, which determines the shortest distance between the crossings.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Integrated Security Systems Reaction

The concept which is formulated enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) co... more The concept which is formulated enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) considering from the influence-reaction parameter point. Reaction strategy algorithm selection allows to minimize reaction time to danger influence and maximize efficiency of security system. Modern computer technologies allows real time strategies simulation and ISS reaction control.

Research paper thumbnail of Cutting tool vibration energy harvesting for wireless sensors applications

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Traffic Image Processing Systems

2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Circuits, Electronics and Micro-electronics, 2009

ABSTRACT This paper is about image processing systems and its ability to use in traffic surveilla... more ABSTRACT This paper is about image processing systems and its ability to use in traffic surveillance and analysis. Growing car number is cause of bigger traffic jams and city pollution. With intelligent vision systems we can control traffic and reduce this problem. These systems have tremendous perspective. This paper presents the fundamental principles of traffic image processing system in moving object detection and extraction.

Research paper thumbnail of An Improved Near-field Magnetic Probe Radiation Profile Boundaries Assessment for Optimal Radiated Susceptibility Pre-Mapping

Symmetry

In this paper, the near-field radiated susceptibility pre-mapping method is proposed using the im... more In this paper, the near-field radiated susceptibility pre-mapping method is proposed using the improved near-field probe power radiation profile assessment. The modelling of the electromagnetic field strength in 80–3000 MHz range in the proximity of the near-field probe was performed. The −6 dB aperture boundaries of the near-field probe and their variation, due to the proximity of the radio frequency (RF) printed circuit board (PCB) components, were determined, while the aperture map distortion, arising from the proximity of the passive RF PCB components were evaluated. The scanning path requirements for the RF susceptibility mapping were determined. The simulation of improved near-field probe absolute magnetic field strength reference map in open-air conditions is carried out in this work. The comparative analysis using the absolute maximum difference metric of orthogonal absolute magnetic field map cross-sections between the reference map and magnetic field maps affected by the p...

Research paper thumbnail of Research of the Operator’s Advisory System Based on Fuzzy Logic for Pelletizing Equipment

Symmetry

Fertilizer manufacturing in the chemical industry is closely related with agricultural production... more Fertilizer manufacturing in the chemical industry is closely related with agricultural production. More than a half of raw materials for food products are grown by fertilizing plants. The demand of fertilizers has been constantly increasing along the growth of human population. Fertilizer manufacturers face millions of losses each year due to poor quality products. One of the most common reasons is wrong decisions in control of manufacturing processes. Operator’s experience has the highest influence on this. This paper analyzes the pellet measurement data, collected at the fertilizer plant by using indirect measurements. The results of these measurements are used to construct the model of equipment status control, based on the fuzzy logic. The proposed solution allows to respond to changes in production parameters in a 7–10 times faster manner. On average, a manufacturer with production volumes of up to 80 tonnes/hour could have lost about 8400 tonnes/year of high-quality production...

Research paper thumbnail of Two thermocouples low power wireless sensors network

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

This paper presents technologies and experiments of a wireless sensors using two thermocouples ne... more This paper presents technologies and experiments of a wireless sensors using two thermocouples network. It was established that the energy consumption during sensor measurements is usually up to 10 times lower compared to the energy consumption at the time of establishing wireless connection for most protocols. For this reason, new simplified wireless connection protocol was created. Extremely low energy wireless sensor hardware and software equipment was designed. The newly created universal measurement module allows the use not only thermocouples, but also various types of analogue sensors, thermocouples, pressure bridges, Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD) and digital sensors communicating through SPI or I2C interface. The newly designed specific power supply scheme allows to supply the sensor and radio module with the voltage from 1.2 V to 3.6 V batteries. When conducting periodic measurements every second, the use of newly designed hardware and software equipment enables the wireless sensor to be operated for up to 3 years from two 1200 mAh capacity batteries.

Research paper thumbnail of An Effective Method of Vehicle Speed Evaluation in Systems Using Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive Sensors

IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine

Research paper thumbnail of Practical Methods for Vehicle Speed Estimation Using a Microprocessor-Embedded System with AMR Sensors

Sensors

The proper operation of computing resources in a microprocessor-embedded system plays a key role ... more The proper operation of computing resources in a microprocessor-embedded system plays a key role in reducing computing time. Processing the variable amount of collected data in real-time improves the performance of a microprocessor-embedded system. In this regard, a vehicle's speed measurement system is no exception. The computing time for evaluating any speed value is expected to be reduced as much as possible. Four computational methods, including cross-correlation, are discussed. An exemplary pair of recorded signals presenting the change in magnetic field magnitude is analyzed. The sample delay values are compared. The results of the evaluated speed and the execution time of the program code are presented for each method based on a dataset of 200 randomly driven vehicles. The results of the performed tests confirm that the cross-correlation-based methods are not always reliable in situations when the sample size is small, i.e., it is a segment of the impulse response caused by a driving vehicle.

Research paper thumbnail of Vehicle Speed and Length Estimation Using Data from Two Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) Sensors

Sensors

Methods for estimating a car's length are presented in this paper, as well as the results achieve... more Methods for estimating a car's length are presented in this paper, as well as the results achieved by using a self-designed system equipped with two anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors, which were placed on a road lane. The purpose of the research was to compare the lengths of mid-size cars, i.e., family cars (hatchbacks), saloons (sedans), station wagons and SUVs. Four methods were used in the research: a simple threshold based method, a threshold method based on moving average and standard deviation, a two-extreme-peak detection method and a method based on the amplitude and time normalization using linear extrapolation (or interpolation). The results were achieved by analyzing changes in the magnitude and in the absolute z-component of the magnetic field as well. The tests, which were performed in four different Earth directions, show differences in the values of estimated lengths. The magnitude-based results in the case when cars drove from the South to the North direction were even up to 1.2 m higher than the other results achieved using the threshold methods. Smaller differences in lengths were observed when the distances were measured between two extreme peaks in the car magnetic signatures. The results were summarized in tables and the errors of estimated lengths were presented. The maximal errors, related to real lengths, were up to 22%.

Research paper thumbnail of Research of the Defects in PET preform

2016 21st International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Integrated Security Systems Reaction

The concept which is formulated enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) co... more The concept which is formulated enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) considering from the influence-reaction parameter point. Reaction strategy algorithm selection allows to minimize reaction time to danger influence and maximize efficiency of security system. Modern computer technologies allows real time strategies simulation and ISS reaction control.

Research paper thumbnail of Intelektualiosios transporto valdymo sistemos

Research paper thumbnail of Electronic Parking Control Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Methods for Long Vehicles Speed Estimation Using Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) Sensors and Reference Piezoelectric Sensor

Sensors

With rapidly increasing traffic occupancy, intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are a vital ... more With rapidly increasing traffic occupancy, intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are a vital feature for urban areas. This paper analyses methods for estimating long (L > 10 m) vehicle speed and length using a self-developed system, equipped with two anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors, and introduces a method for verifying the results. A well-known cross-correlation method of magnetic signatures is not appropriate for calculating the vehicle speed of long vehicles owing to limited resources and a long calculation time. Therefore, the adaptive signature cropping algorithm was developed and used with a difference quotient of a magnetic signature. An additional piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor and video camera provide ground truth to evaluate the performances. The prototype system was installed on the urban road and tested under various traffic and weather conditions. The accuracy of results was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute percentage er...

Research paper thumbnail of Revised Evaluation of Hemodilution Response in the Semi-Closed Loop Infusion System

Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Dynamic Vehicle Detection via the Use of Magnetic Field Sensors

Sensors, 2016

The vehicle detection process plays the key role in determining the success of intelligent transp... more The vehicle detection process plays the key role in determining the success of intelligent transport management system solutions. The measurement of distortions of the Earth's magnetic field using magnetic field sensors served as the basis for designing a solution aimed at vehicle detection. In accordance with the results obtained from research into process modeling and experimentally testing all the relevant hypotheses an algorithm for vehicle detection using the state criteria was proposed. Aiming to evaluate all of the possibilities, as well as pros and cons of the use of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors in the transport flow control process, we have performed a series of experiments with various vehicles (or different series) from several car manufacturers. A comparison of 12 selected methods, based on either the process of determining the peak signal values and their concurrence in time whilst calculating the delay, or by measuring the cross-correlation of these signals, was carried out. It was established that the relative error can be minimized via the Z component cross-correlation and Kz criterion cross-correlation methods. The average relative error of vehicle speed determination in the best case did not exceed 1.5% when the distance between sensors was set to 2 m.

Research paper thumbnail of Peculiarities of the Third Natural Frequency Vibrations of a Cantilever for the Improvement of Energy Harvesting

Sensors, 2015

This paper focuses on several aspects extending the dynamical efficiency of a cantilever beam vib... more This paper focuses on several aspects extending the dynamical efficiency of a cantilever beam vibrating in the third mode. A few ways of producing this mode stimulation, namely vibro-impact or forced excitation, as well as its application for energy harvesting devices are proposed. The paper presents numerical and experimental analyses of novel structural dynamics effects along with an optimal configuration of the cantilever beam. The peculiarities of a cantilever beam vibrating in the third mode are related to the significant increase of the level of deformations capable of extracting significant additional amounts of energy compared to the conventional harvester vibrating in the first mode. Two types of a piezoelectric vibrating energy harvester (PVEH) prototype are analysed in this paper: the first one without electrode segmentation, while the second is segmented using electrode segmentation at the strain nodes of the third vibration mode to achieve effective operation at the third resonant frequency. The results of this research revealed that the voltage generated by any segment of the segmented PVEH prototype excited at the third resonant frequency demonstrated a 3.4-4.8-fold increase in comparison with the

Research paper thumbnail of Optimizing strategic control of integrated security systems

The motivation to write this work was induced by the need to evaluate the parameters of security ... more The motivation to write this work was induced by the need to evaluate the parameters of security systems, to analyze in detail the processes, which occur in security system evaluation and suggest the possible ways of their optimization. The concept, which is formulated, enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) considering from the influence-reaction parameter point. Reaction strategy algorithm selection allows minimizing reaction time to danger influence and maximizing efficiency of security system. Modern computer technologies allow real time strategies simulation and ISS reaction control. The analysis of the event stream's experimental data and integrated security system's net model simulation algorithms enable the further development and perfection of the security system

Research paper thumbnail of Information flow model of integrated security system

The goal of this paper is to study the effectivity and reliability of signal transferring by secu... more The goal of this paper is to study the effectivity and reliability of signal transferring by security systems via communication channels, as well as to define the main criteria of the available communication channels affecting the total response time of security systems. This paper mainly models and empirically solves the following tasks: application of information theory on streams in telecommunication systems to integrated security systems and calculations of system losses. With respect to the fundamentals of massive service systems, a model is imitated for the security systems. Using this model, experiments on the reliability and effectiveness of security systems are performed, so as to find more effective and reliable operating algorithms for security systems

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling of the Traffic Control Systems

The implementation of the traffic control systems can help solving such motor transport related p... more The implementation of the traffic control systems can help solving such motor transport related problems as environmental pollution, gridlocks, car thefts, road safety. The main goal of this paper is to analyze application of the video observation system to the transport control as well as to create the road formation system model, which determines the shortest distance between the crossings.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Integrated Security Systems Reaction

The concept which is formulated enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) co... more The concept which is formulated enables strategic control of integrated security systems (ISS) considering from the influence-reaction parameter point. Reaction strategy algorithm selection allows to minimize reaction time to danger influence and maximize efficiency of security system. Modern computer technologies allows real time strategies simulation and ISS reaction control.

Research paper thumbnail of Cutting tool vibration energy harvesting for wireless sensors applications

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Traffic Image Processing Systems

2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Circuits, Electronics and Micro-electronics, 2009

ABSTRACT This paper is about image processing systems and its ability to use in traffic surveilla... more ABSTRACT This paper is about image processing systems and its ability to use in traffic surveillance and analysis. Growing car number is cause of bigger traffic jams and city pollution. With intelligent vision systems we can control traffic and reduce this problem. These systems have tremendous perspective. This paper presents the fundamental principles of traffic image processing system in moving object detection and extraction.