Oguz Kurdoglu | Karadeniz Technical University (original) (raw)
Papers by Oguz Kurdoglu
KTÜ Orman Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü ÖZET Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşi... more KTÜ Orman Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü ÖZET Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu ihtiyacın giderilmesi için başvurulan en önemli araçlardan biri olan kent ormanları, geçmişte uygulanan güzel örnekleri olsa da Türkiye'de son 10 yıldır yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılan kentsel yeşil alan sistemlerinden biridir. Ancak ülkemizde hukuksal ve kavramsal altyapısı henüz tam anlamıyla düzenlenememiştir. Diğer yandan planlanarak yeniden tesis edilmesi yerine, mevcut devlet ormanlarından ayrılarak oluşturulması, kent ormanları konusunu tartışmalı hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma ile kent ormanlarının kavramsal, hukuksal, çevresel ve rekreasyonel durumu ve etkileri tartışılmakta ve çeşitli değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. ABSTRACT Rapid urbanization of the world increases the need of open green spaces in cities. Urban forests that are one of the most important tools of eliminating this need are one of the urban green space systems that are tried to expand to all Turkey in the last decade although the best examples were applied in the past. However the legal and conceptual infrastructure of urban forests have not fully regulated in our country. On the other hand instead of restoration of the existing ones it is better to establish urban forests by separating them fully from state owned forests. This situation makes urban forests a controversial issue. In this study, urban forests' conceptual, legal, environmental and recreational status and their affects are discussed and evaluated.
Artvin Coruh Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 2007
Page 1. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8 (1), 59-76 (2007) DÜNYADA DOĞAYI KOR... more Page 1. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8 (1), 59-76 (2007) DÜNYADA DOĞAYI KORUMA HAREKETİNİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ ve GÜNCEL BOYUTU Oğuz KURDOĞLU Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, 08000-Artvin. ...
Artvin Coruh Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011
ÖZET Kentlerin yeşil alan yoksunluğu, kent toplumunun yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacını ve talebini ... more ÖZET Kentlerin yeşil alan yoksunluğu, kent toplumunun yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacını ve talebini daha da arttırmıştır. Öte yandan kamu kurumları, öncelikli olarak en yakın ormanların rekreasyon amaçlı düzenlenmesi yönünde adımlar atmışlardır. Bu itibarla kent ormanları, orman rekreasyonunun farklı tiplerine olanak veren bir etkinlik alanıdır. Bu çalışma ile Artvin kenti ve yakın çevresi için en eski mesire alanı olan Kafkasör Yaylasının bir bölümünü oluşturan kent ormanının olanakları açıklanmış, bu alanı kullanmakta olan kent halkının özellikleri ve rekreasyon tercihleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Buna göre; anketi değerlendiren 193 kişinin tamamına yakınının kent ormanı ve çevresini rekreasyon için kullandığı; alanın sessiz ve sakinliğinin öncelikli tercih nedeni olduğu; özellikle yaz döneminde her gelir grubunun yoğun talebi olduğu; alanın ağırlıklı olarak dinlenme ve piknik amaçlı kullanıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Öte yandan mevcut tesislerin büyük oranda yetersiz görüldüğü de ortaya konmuştur ki yaz dışındaki mevsimlerde alanla ilgili ciddi bir talep düşüşünün varlığı, bu görüşleri desteklemektedir.
Journal of Environmental Biology, May 1, 2004
Deltas, as macro and micro biological systems at high productive levels, are the natural reserve ... more Deltas, as macro and micro biological systems at high productive levels, are the natural reserve areas of the world. Those in Turkey present the international importance landscapes as to the various ecosystem characteristics and land use patterns. Nevertheless, these areas are currently facing many problems such as biodiversity loss and environmental degradation owing to coastal settlements and pollution factors. This paper describes the factors responsible for the main features and degradation types of the Deltaic landscapes and their impact for future land use. It also deals with : an overview of the Kizilirmak Delta, one of the most important Deltas along the central part of Black Sea Region (Turkey); presents major ecosystem of it; identifies land use pattern and discusses the threats by environmental and human induced disturbances. The most considering feature of this Delta is to show the largest and most significant wetland area of Turkey which has been able to protect its natural beauties on the Black Sea Coasts. A Delta plain of 56000 hectares extends through the area at the north of the Samsun-Sinop highway. The ecological system of the Delta is extremely rich in terms of its biological variety as well as its fauna (especially number of bird species). But, the Delta including terrestrial areas close to the water resources and the vegetation between aquatic and terrestrial systems, has been constantly modified by human activities. Consequently, some considerations for environmental conservation and sustainable management were put forward for the future generations.
Artvin Coruh Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011
ÖZET Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu i... more ÖZET Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu ihtiyacın giderilmesi için başvurulan en önemli araçlardan biri olan kent ormanları, geçmişte uygulanan güzel örnekleri olsa da Türkiye'de son 10 yıldır yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılan kentsel yeşil alan sistemlerinden biridir. Ancak ülkemizde hukuksal ve kavramsal altyapısı henüz tam anlamıyla düzenlenememiştir. Diğer yandan planlanarak yeniden tesis edilmesi yerine, mevcut devlet ormanlarından ayrılarak oluşturulması, kent ormanları konusunu tartışmalı hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma ile kent ormanlarının kavramsal, hukuksal, çevresel ve rekreasyonel durumu ve etkileri tartışılmakta ve çeşitli değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır.
Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu ihtiya... more Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu ihtiyacın giderilmesi için başvurulan en önemli araçlardan biri olan kent ormanları, geçmişte uygulanan güzel örnekleri olsa da Türkiye'de son 10 yıldır yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılan kentsel yeşil alan sistemlerinden biridir. Ancak ülkemizde hukuksal ve kavramsal altyapısı henüz tam anlamıyla düzenlenememiştir. Diğer yandan planlanarak yeniden tesis edilmesi yerine, mevcut devlet ormanlarından ayrılarak oluşturulması, kent ormanları konusunu tartışmalı hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma ile kent ormanlarının kavramsal, hukuksal, çevresel ve rekreasyonel durumu ve etkileri tartışılmakta ve çeşitli değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. Rapid urbanization of the world increases the need of open green spaces in cities. Urban forests that are one of the most important tools of eliminating this need are one of the urban green space systems that are tried to expand to all Turkey in the last decade although ...
Kentlerin yeşil alan yoksunluğu, kent toplumunun yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacını ve talebini daha ... more Kentlerin yeşil alan yoksunluğu, kent toplumunun yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacını ve talebini daha da arttırmıştır. Öte yandan kamu kurumları, öncelikli olarak en yakın ormanların rekreasyon amaçlı düzenlenmesi yönünde adımlar atmışlardır. Bu itibarla kent ormanları, orman rekreasyonunun farklı tiplerine olanak veren bir etkinlik alanıdır. Bu çalışma ile Artvin kenti ve yakın çevresi için en eski mesire alanı olan Kafkasör Yaylasının bir bölümünü oluşturan kent ormanının olanakları açıklanmış, bu alanı kullanmakta olan kent halkının özellikleri ve rekreasyon tercihleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Buna göre; anketi değerlendiren 193 kişinin tamamına yakınının kent ormanı ve çevresini rekreasyon için kullandığı; alanın sessiz ve sakinliğinin öncelikli tercih nedeni olduğu; özellikle yaz döneminde her gelir grubunun yoğun talebi olduğu; alanın ağırlıklı olarak dinlenme ve piknik amaçlı kullanıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Öte yandan mevcut tesislerin büyük oranda yetersiz görüldüğü de ortaya...
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Despite expected benefits such as conservation, recreation or sustainable development, most prote... more Despite expected benefits such as conservation, recreation or sustainable development, most protected areas (PAs) have serious problems in implementing basic management functions such as planning, organizing, coordination or control. In order to maximize management effectiveness, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has developed the rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management (RAPPAM) methodology for assessment of protected area management at system level based on planning, pressure and threats, inputs, processes and outputs. The RAPPAM assessment was implemented in the Turkish part of the West Lesser Caucasus for 11 PAs with 3 different categories. Two meetings were conducted with the participation of 70 people in possession of the best local knowledge about the PAs in the region. The results show that management assessment scores in all areas were rather low and this finding was similar throughout Turkey. In general, policy environment scores were remarkably ...
Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2004
Deltas, as macro and micro biological systems at high productive levels, are the natural reserve ... more Deltas, as macro and micro biological systems at high productive levels, are the natural reserve areas of the world. Those in Turkey present the international importance landscapes as to the various ecosystem characteristics and land use patterns. Nevertheless, these areas are currently facing many problems such as biodiversity loss and environmental degradation owing to coastal settlements and pollution factors. This paper describes the factors responsible for the main features and degradation types of the Deltaic landscapes and their impact for future land use. It also deals with : an overview of the Kizilirmak Delta, one of the most important Deltas along the central part of Black Sea Region (Turkey); presents major ecosystem of it; identifies land use pattern and discusses the threats by environmental and human induced disturbances. The most considering feature of this Delta is to show the largest and most significant wetland area of Turkey which has been able to protect its nat...
Due to the faulty planning that was created under the name of highland settlement tourism (yayla ... more Due to the faulty planning that was created under the name of highland settlement tourism (yayla tourism in Turkish), Eastern Black Sea highland settlements, which currently preserve their traditional texture, are now facing the threat of losing outstanding features. In the present study, seven highland settlements were selected to determine the relation between visual carrying capacity (VCC) of highland settlements and components of traditional highland texture. The current VCC scores of seven highland settlements in Kackar Mountains National Park (KMNP) were evaluated by experts base photography techniques. The method where five different simulations were created for each highland settlement by increasing and decreasing the number of present buildings was used in the study. The relationship between factors such as building materials of traditional highland settlement, vegetation cover and landscape features constituting the highland settlements and the threshold value of VCC was depicted by statistical methods. Statistical data showed that when the diversity of vegetation was increased and the elements derived from human factor were decreased, and also the harmony of materials used in buildings and the surrounding nature increased the VCC scores increased accordingly.
Turkey, like most countries that run an energy deficit and are dependent on foreign energy source... more Turkey, like most countries that run an energy deficit and are dependent on foreign energy sources, is seeking short-term solutions to solve a long-term problem. One of the solutions is to activate renewable energy resources such as small-and mid-sized hydroelectric power plants providing part of a possible long-term solution. However, the speed at which new hydropower plants have been constructed in Turkey has resulted in negative environmental impacts on natural ecosystems. The Environmental Impact Assessment process for Turkey's hydropower plants involves, at least in principle, the expertise of foresters, biologists, fisheries, and aquaculture experts and landscape architects. In this study, 60 experts representing different sectors (government , private, and academic) assessed Turkey's hydropower plants. Results of surveys show that experts rate insufficient minimum environmental flow (75%) and destruction of mountain and riparian forest (51.6%) as the most serious problems related to hydropower plant development; other high-ranking secondary problems include fragmentation and loss of biodiversity (61.7%) and negative impacts on tourism (60%), while negative impacts on wildlife (35%) was the lowest ranking secondary problem.
In recent years, undisturbed nature and clean environment have become two factors that define the... more In recent years, undisturbed nature and clean environment have become two factors that define the competitive power in tourism. Waterfalls have enchanted people since ancient times and have higher priority in the list of must-see places. However, few waterfalls can be described as tourism destinations since many of them are attractions. Accessibility and being well known are affecting this. In many countries, including Turkey, waterfalls play important roles in tourism. Heavy demand and mismanagement of destinations have a damaging effect on these natural monuments. In this study, 9 important adjective pairs were used for 17 waterfalls located in different (various) regions of Turkey, mostly along the Eastern Blacksea region. These adjective pairs were evaluated by 69 experts (32 forest engineers and 37 landscape architects) according to septet semantic differential scale. Consequently, waterfalls were evaluated in terms of sustainable tourism management and suggestions were given for conservation strategies. The last quarter of a century can specifically be considered as a period of more intense interest in the unspoiled natural areas. The current developments in tourism are specifically in close relationship with environmental protection which also means the protection of basic values of tourism destinations 1. Currently, tourism is closely related to the environment and especially to the climate change. It is highly sensitive to the climate change as an economic sector since climate change can directly or indirectly affect tourism destinations in various ways. The most important expectation in a visit to a natural destination is a comforting atmosphere and an unspoiled natural environment 2. Numerous factors play a role on the orientation towards tourism. One of these factors is without doubt landscapes created by water. That seas, lakes and rivers are among the most preferred locations has never been a surprise. Water ecosystems create benefits for humanity for consumption, energy, transport and recreational activities in addition to their ecological role. In a sense, water is a basic element of recreation 3,4. In numerous studies carried out since the beginning of the last century; it has been emphasised that water is one
Despite expected benefits such as conservation, recreation or sustainable development, most prote... more Despite expected benefits such as conservation, recreation or sustainable development, most protected areas (PAs) have serious problems in implementing basic management functions such as planning, organizing, coordination or control. In order to maximize management effectiveness, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has developed the rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management (RAPPAM) methodology for assessment of protected area management at system level based on planning, pressure and threats, inputs, processes and outputs. The RAPPAM assessment was implemented in the Turkish part of the West Lesser Caucasus for 11 PAs with 3 different categories. Two meetings were conducted with the participation of 70 people in possession of the best local knowledge about the PAs in the region. The results show that management assessment scores in all areas were rather low and this finding was similar throughout Turkey. In general, policy environment scores were remarkably below the average, showing that the importance and priority of conservation among public policies is rather low. Threats in the region were high in areas with high biological diversity. Further, semi natural processes, pollution, conversion and tourism appeared to be the greatest threat and pressure elements for the PAs in the region. . Tel: +90 462 377 2836.
Land Degradation & Development, 2010
The effect of visitors' activities and management types on surface soil properties continues to b... more The effect of visitors' activities and management types on surface soil properties continues to be an issue of concern in protected areas. Little evidence was documented regarding the effects of visitors' activities on surface soil properties in forest and grassland in forest gap in protected areas in Turkey. The research focused on the evaluation of the effect of visitor activities and management types on the surface soil environmental conditions in Kafkasör Protected Area. For this purpose six different land use types were identified and characterized as control (Natural Old Forest), moderately used forestry (MUF), heavily used forestry (HUF), light grazing in glade (LGG), moderately used glade (MUG) and heavily used glade (HUG). Fourteen soil properties (such as field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), bulk density, total porosity, soil penetration resistance (SPR), soil organic matter (SOM), etc…) were measured on 96 soil pits at 0–5 and 5–10 cm soil depths in six experimental sites in the study area. According to land use intensity, FC, plant available water (PAW), total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, cumulative infiltration and SOM decreased significantly while bulk density, PWP and SPR increased significantly in all experimental sites compared to control site. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 2006
There are 37 national parks in Turkey, encompassing the most important mountain ecosystems, with ... more There are 37 national parks in Turkey, encompassing the most important mountain ecosystems, with high biological, natural, cultural and historical diversity. These parks also have aesthetic and recreational potential, and are valuable components within the country's ...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010
Generally, roads are structures connecting areas of special importance to each other (e.g., from ... more Generally, roads are structures connecting areas of special importance to each other (e.g., from urban areas to villages). In addition to functioning as transportation mediums, roads have aesthetic qualities by means of their recreational, scenic, and cultural functions. One of these unexplored roads, the Trabzon–Gümüşhane old state highway in the Northeast Turkey, the subject of this study, is quite unique for being a part of the historical Silk Road. The aim of the study is to determine the recreational, scenic, and cultural potentials of this road and to identify the landscape qualities based on these potentials. After dividing the road into three sections for comparison purposes, data gathered from basic digital maps obtained from The General Directorate of Rural Services (the governmental agency that is responsible for producing such digital maps) and field trips were entered into maps using geographic information system followed by creating demonstration films using photographs and video camera images of the natural and cultural characteristics of the area. Then, these films were evaluated by an expert team to identify the road’s recreational, scenic, and cultural potentials. The results of the evaluation process, the relationships between determined landscape characteristics for each function, and the contribution scores of different functions assigned for the artificial features were statistically analyzed. The analyses showed a very strong relationship between the sections and the contribution scores of the recreation and the scenic functions. The results of these analyses also revealed some landscape characteristics having high contribution values for all the functions. This, in turn, helped in determining a potential of the study area to become a greenway.
There are 35 national parks in Turkey, encompassing the most important mountains ecosystems, with... more There are 35 national parks in Turkey, encompassing the most important mountains ecosystems, with high biological, natural, cultural and historical diversity. These parks also have aesthetic and recreational potential, and are valuable components within the country's nature protection programmes. Globally, a landscape can be regarded as the face of an ecosystem and constitutes a relationship between natural structure and visual features. There have been several studies on whether visual quality can provide indicators for landscape planning. Visual quality can also be assessed as a manifesto for community participation. This paper attempts to extend the understanding of visual quality assessment for national parks, using the Kackar Mountains National Park (KMNP) in northeastern Turkey as an example. A detailed survey of visual quality preferences, landscape factors (10 main and 40 sub-factors) and semantic factors (naturalness, variety, fascination, vividness, unity, interesting and exciting) affecting these preferences was made using 30 represenative slides selected from the park. The highest preference was found to be 6.54, while the lowest was 2.30. Regression analysis enabled us to determine the relationship between visual quality and visual landscape attributes. The R² value for naturalness was 0.482, while naturalness together with lake and fog percentage was 0.641. The assessment of preferences for the studied views in various landscape units can be evaluated and used for land-use decisions and future planning in KMNP.
KTÜ Orman Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü ÖZET Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşi... more KTÜ Orman Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü ÖZET Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu ihtiyacın giderilmesi için başvurulan en önemli araçlardan biri olan kent ormanları, geçmişte uygulanan güzel örnekleri olsa da Türkiye'de son 10 yıldır yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılan kentsel yeşil alan sistemlerinden biridir. Ancak ülkemizde hukuksal ve kavramsal altyapısı henüz tam anlamıyla düzenlenememiştir. Diğer yandan planlanarak yeniden tesis edilmesi yerine, mevcut devlet ormanlarından ayrılarak oluşturulması, kent ormanları konusunu tartışmalı hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma ile kent ormanlarının kavramsal, hukuksal, çevresel ve rekreasyonel durumu ve etkileri tartışılmakta ve çeşitli değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. ABSTRACT Rapid urbanization of the world increases the need of open green spaces in cities. Urban forests that are one of the most important tools of eliminating this need are one of the urban green space systems that are tried to expand to all Turkey in the last decade although the best examples were applied in the past. However the legal and conceptual infrastructure of urban forests have not fully regulated in our country. On the other hand instead of restoration of the existing ones it is better to establish urban forests by separating them fully from state owned forests. This situation makes urban forests a controversial issue. In this study, urban forests' conceptual, legal, environmental and recreational status and their affects are discussed and evaluated.
Artvin Coruh Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 2007
Page 1. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8 (1), 59-76 (2007) DÜNYADA DOĞAYI KOR... more Page 1. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8 (1), 59-76 (2007) DÜNYADA DOĞAYI KORUMA HAREKETİNİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ ve GÜNCEL BOYUTU Oğuz KURDOĞLU Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, 08000-Artvin. ...
Artvin Coruh Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011
ÖZET Kentlerin yeşil alan yoksunluğu, kent toplumunun yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacını ve talebini ... more ÖZET Kentlerin yeşil alan yoksunluğu, kent toplumunun yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacını ve talebini daha da arttırmıştır. Öte yandan kamu kurumları, öncelikli olarak en yakın ormanların rekreasyon amaçlı düzenlenmesi yönünde adımlar atmışlardır. Bu itibarla kent ormanları, orman rekreasyonunun farklı tiplerine olanak veren bir etkinlik alanıdır. Bu çalışma ile Artvin kenti ve yakın çevresi için en eski mesire alanı olan Kafkasör Yaylasının bir bölümünü oluşturan kent ormanının olanakları açıklanmış, bu alanı kullanmakta olan kent halkının özellikleri ve rekreasyon tercihleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Buna göre; anketi değerlendiren 193 kişinin tamamına yakınının kent ormanı ve çevresini rekreasyon için kullandığı; alanın sessiz ve sakinliğinin öncelikli tercih nedeni olduğu; özellikle yaz döneminde her gelir grubunun yoğun talebi olduğu; alanın ağırlıklı olarak dinlenme ve piknik amaçlı kullanıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Öte yandan mevcut tesislerin büyük oranda yetersiz görüldüğü de ortaya konmuştur ki yaz dışındaki mevsimlerde alanla ilgili ciddi bir talep düşüşünün varlığı, bu görüşleri desteklemektedir.
Journal of Environmental Biology, May 1, 2004
Deltas, as macro and micro biological systems at high productive levels, are the natural reserve ... more Deltas, as macro and micro biological systems at high productive levels, are the natural reserve areas of the world. Those in Turkey present the international importance landscapes as to the various ecosystem characteristics and land use patterns. Nevertheless, these areas are currently facing many problems such as biodiversity loss and environmental degradation owing to coastal settlements and pollution factors. This paper describes the factors responsible for the main features and degradation types of the Deltaic landscapes and their impact for future land use. It also deals with : an overview of the Kizilirmak Delta, one of the most important Deltas along the central part of Black Sea Region (Turkey); presents major ecosystem of it; identifies land use pattern and discusses the threats by environmental and human induced disturbances. The most considering feature of this Delta is to show the largest and most significant wetland area of Turkey which has been able to protect its natural beauties on the Black Sea Coasts. A Delta plain of 56000 hectares extends through the area at the north of the Samsun-Sinop highway. The ecological system of the Delta is extremely rich in terms of its biological variety as well as its fauna (especially number of bird species). But, the Delta including terrestrial areas close to the water resources and the vegetation between aquatic and terrestrial systems, has been constantly modified by human activities. Consequently, some considerations for environmental conservation and sustainable management were put forward for the future generations.
Artvin Coruh Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011
ÖZET Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu i... more ÖZET Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu ihtiyacın giderilmesi için başvurulan en önemli araçlardan biri olan kent ormanları, geçmişte uygulanan güzel örnekleri olsa da Türkiye'de son 10 yıldır yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılan kentsel yeşil alan sistemlerinden biridir. Ancak ülkemizde hukuksal ve kavramsal altyapısı henüz tam anlamıyla düzenlenememiştir. Diğer yandan planlanarak yeniden tesis edilmesi yerine, mevcut devlet ormanlarından ayrılarak oluşturulması, kent ormanları konusunu tartışmalı hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma ile kent ormanlarının kavramsal, hukuksal, çevresel ve rekreasyonel durumu ve etkileri tartışılmakta ve çeşitli değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır.
Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu ihtiya... more Dünyanın hızla şehirleşmesi kent ortamında yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu ihtiyacın giderilmesi için başvurulan en önemli araçlardan biri olan kent ormanları, geçmişte uygulanan güzel örnekleri olsa da Türkiye'de son 10 yıldır yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılan kentsel yeşil alan sistemlerinden biridir. Ancak ülkemizde hukuksal ve kavramsal altyapısı henüz tam anlamıyla düzenlenememiştir. Diğer yandan planlanarak yeniden tesis edilmesi yerine, mevcut devlet ormanlarından ayrılarak oluşturulması, kent ormanları konusunu tartışmalı hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma ile kent ormanlarının kavramsal, hukuksal, çevresel ve rekreasyonel durumu ve etkileri tartışılmakta ve çeşitli değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. Rapid urbanization of the world increases the need of open green spaces in cities. Urban forests that are one of the most important tools of eliminating this need are one of the urban green space systems that are tried to expand to all Turkey in the last decade although ...
Kentlerin yeşil alan yoksunluğu, kent toplumunun yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacını ve talebini daha ... more Kentlerin yeşil alan yoksunluğu, kent toplumunun yeşil alanlara olan ihtiyacını ve talebini daha da arttırmıştır. Öte yandan kamu kurumları, öncelikli olarak en yakın ormanların rekreasyon amaçlı düzenlenmesi yönünde adımlar atmışlardır. Bu itibarla kent ormanları, orman rekreasyonunun farklı tiplerine olanak veren bir etkinlik alanıdır. Bu çalışma ile Artvin kenti ve yakın çevresi için en eski mesire alanı olan Kafkasör Yaylasının bir bölümünü oluşturan kent ormanının olanakları açıklanmış, bu alanı kullanmakta olan kent halkının özellikleri ve rekreasyon tercihleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Buna göre; anketi değerlendiren 193 kişinin tamamına yakınının kent ormanı ve çevresini rekreasyon için kullandığı; alanın sessiz ve sakinliğinin öncelikli tercih nedeni olduğu; özellikle yaz döneminde her gelir grubunun yoğun talebi olduğu; alanın ağırlıklı olarak dinlenme ve piknik amaçlı kullanıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Öte yandan mevcut tesislerin büyük oranda yetersiz görüldüğü de ortaya...
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Despite expected benefits such as conservation, recreation or sustainable development, most prote... more Despite expected benefits such as conservation, recreation or sustainable development, most protected areas (PAs) have serious problems in implementing basic management functions such as planning, organizing, coordination or control. In order to maximize management effectiveness, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has developed the rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management (RAPPAM) methodology for assessment of protected area management at system level based on planning, pressure and threats, inputs, processes and outputs. The RAPPAM assessment was implemented in the Turkish part of the West Lesser Caucasus for 11 PAs with 3 different categories. Two meetings were conducted with the participation of 70 people in possession of the best local knowledge about the PAs in the region. The results show that management assessment scores in all areas were rather low and this finding was similar throughout Turkey. In general, policy environment scores were remarkably ...
Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2004
Deltas, as macro and micro biological systems at high productive levels, are the natural reserve ... more Deltas, as macro and micro biological systems at high productive levels, are the natural reserve areas of the world. Those in Turkey present the international importance landscapes as to the various ecosystem characteristics and land use patterns. Nevertheless, these areas are currently facing many problems such as biodiversity loss and environmental degradation owing to coastal settlements and pollution factors. This paper describes the factors responsible for the main features and degradation types of the Deltaic landscapes and their impact for future land use. It also deals with : an overview of the Kizilirmak Delta, one of the most important Deltas along the central part of Black Sea Region (Turkey); presents major ecosystem of it; identifies land use pattern and discusses the threats by environmental and human induced disturbances. The most considering feature of this Delta is to show the largest and most significant wetland area of Turkey which has been able to protect its nat...
Due to the faulty planning that was created under the name of highland settlement tourism (yayla ... more Due to the faulty planning that was created under the name of highland settlement tourism (yayla tourism in Turkish), Eastern Black Sea highland settlements, which currently preserve their traditional texture, are now facing the threat of losing outstanding features. In the present study, seven highland settlements were selected to determine the relation between visual carrying capacity (VCC) of highland settlements and components of traditional highland texture. The current VCC scores of seven highland settlements in Kackar Mountains National Park (KMNP) were evaluated by experts base photography techniques. The method where five different simulations were created for each highland settlement by increasing and decreasing the number of present buildings was used in the study. The relationship between factors such as building materials of traditional highland settlement, vegetation cover and landscape features constituting the highland settlements and the threshold value of VCC was depicted by statistical methods. Statistical data showed that when the diversity of vegetation was increased and the elements derived from human factor were decreased, and also the harmony of materials used in buildings and the surrounding nature increased the VCC scores increased accordingly.
Turkey, like most countries that run an energy deficit and are dependent on foreign energy source... more Turkey, like most countries that run an energy deficit and are dependent on foreign energy sources, is seeking short-term solutions to solve a long-term problem. One of the solutions is to activate renewable energy resources such as small-and mid-sized hydroelectric power plants providing part of a possible long-term solution. However, the speed at which new hydropower plants have been constructed in Turkey has resulted in negative environmental impacts on natural ecosystems. The Environmental Impact Assessment process for Turkey's hydropower plants involves, at least in principle, the expertise of foresters, biologists, fisheries, and aquaculture experts and landscape architects. In this study, 60 experts representing different sectors (government , private, and academic) assessed Turkey's hydropower plants. Results of surveys show that experts rate insufficient minimum environmental flow (75%) and destruction of mountain and riparian forest (51.6%) as the most serious problems related to hydropower plant development; other high-ranking secondary problems include fragmentation and loss of biodiversity (61.7%) and negative impacts on tourism (60%), while negative impacts on wildlife (35%) was the lowest ranking secondary problem.
In recent years, undisturbed nature and clean environment have become two factors that define the... more In recent years, undisturbed nature and clean environment have become two factors that define the competitive power in tourism. Waterfalls have enchanted people since ancient times and have higher priority in the list of must-see places. However, few waterfalls can be described as tourism destinations since many of them are attractions. Accessibility and being well known are affecting this. In many countries, including Turkey, waterfalls play important roles in tourism. Heavy demand and mismanagement of destinations have a damaging effect on these natural monuments. In this study, 9 important adjective pairs were used for 17 waterfalls located in different (various) regions of Turkey, mostly along the Eastern Blacksea region. These adjective pairs were evaluated by 69 experts (32 forest engineers and 37 landscape architects) according to septet semantic differential scale. Consequently, waterfalls were evaluated in terms of sustainable tourism management and suggestions were given for conservation strategies. The last quarter of a century can specifically be considered as a period of more intense interest in the unspoiled natural areas. The current developments in tourism are specifically in close relationship with environmental protection which also means the protection of basic values of tourism destinations 1. Currently, tourism is closely related to the environment and especially to the climate change. It is highly sensitive to the climate change as an economic sector since climate change can directly or indirectly affect tourism destinations in various ways. The most important expectation in a visit to a natural destination is a comforting atmosphere and an unspoiled natural environment 2. Numerous factors play a role on the orientation towards tourism. One of these factors is without doubt landscapes created by water. That seas, lakes and rivers are among the most preferred locations has never been a surprise. Water ecosystems create benefits for humanity for consumption, energy, transport and recreational activities in addition to their ecological role. In a sense, water is a basic element of recreation 3,4. In numerous studies carried out since the beginning of the last century; it has been emphasised that water is one
Despite expected benefits such as conservation, recreation or sustainable development, most prote... more Despite expected benefits such as conservation, recreation or sustainable development, most protected areas (PAs) have serious problems in implementing basic management functions such as planning, organizing, coordination or control. In order to maximize management effectiveness, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has developed the rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management (RAPPAM) methodology for assessment of protected area management at system level based on planning, pressure and threats, inputs, processes and outputs. The RAPPAM assessment was implemented in the Turkish part of the West Lesser Caucasus for 11 PAs with 3 different categories. Two meetings were conducted with the participation of 70 people in possession of the best local knowledge about the PAs in the region. The results show that management assessment scores in all areas were rather low and this finding was similar throughout Turkey. In general, policy environment scores were remarkably below the average, showing that the importance and priority of conservation among public policies is rather low. Threats in the region were high in areas with high biological diversity. Further, semi natural processes, pollution, conversion and tourism appeared to be the greatest threat and pressure elements for the PAs in the region. . Tel: +90 462 377 2836.
Land Degradation & Development, 2010
The effect of visitors' activities and management types on surface soil properties continues to b... more The effect of visitors' activities and management types on surface soil properties continues to be an issue of concern in protected areas. Little evidence was documented regarding the effects of visitors' activities on surface soil properties in forest and grassland in forest gap in protected areas in Turkey. The research focused on the evaluation of the effect of visitor activities and management types on the surface soil environmental conditions in Kafkasör Protected Area. For this purpose six different land use types were identified and characterized as control (Natural Old Forest), moderately used forestry (MUF), heavily used forestry (HUF), light grazing in glade (LGG), moderately used glade (MUG) and heavily used glade (HUG). Fourteen soil properties (such as field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), bulk density, total porosity, soil penetration resistance (SPR), soil organic matter (SOM), etc…) were measured on 96 soil pits at 0–5 and 5–10 cm soil depths in six experimental sites in the study area. According to land use intensity, FC, plant available water (PAW), total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, cumulative infiltration and SOM decreased significantly while bulk density, PWP and SPR increased significantly in all experimental sites compared to control site. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 2006
There are 37 national parks in Turkey, encompassing the most important mountain ecosystems, with ... more There are 37 national parks in Turkey, encompassing the most important mountain ecosystems, with high biological, natural, cultural and historical diversity. These parks also have aesthetic and recreational potential, and are valuable components within the country's ...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010
Generally, roads are structures connecting areas of special importance to each other (e.g., from ... more Generally, roads are structures connecting areas of special importance to each other (e.g., from urban areas to villages). In addition to functioning as transportation mediums, roads have aesthetic qualities by means of their recreational, scenic, and cultural functions. One of these unexplored roads, the Trabzon–Gümüşhane old state highway in the Northeast Turkey, the subject of this study, is quite unique for being a part of the historical Silk Road. The aim of the study is to determine the recreational, scenic, and cultural potentials of this road and to identify the landscape qualities based on these potentials. After dividing the road into three sections for comparison purposes, data gathered from basic digital maps obtained from The General Directorate of Rural Services (the governmental agency that is responsible for producing such digital maps) and field trips were entered into maps using geographic information system followed by creating demonstration films using photographs and video camera images of the natural and cultural characteristics of the area. Then, these films were evaluated by an expert team to identify the road’s recreational, scenic, and cultural potentials. The results of the evaluation process, the relationships between determined landscape characteristics for each function, and the contribution scores of different functions assigned for the artificial features were statistically analyzed. The analyses showed a very strong relationship between the sections and the contribution scores of the recreation and the scenic functions. The results of these analyses also revealed some landscape characteristics having high contribution values for all the functions. This, in turn, helped in determining a potential of the study area to become a greenway.
There are 35 national parks in Turkey, encompassing the most important mountains ecosystems, with... more There are 35 national parks in Turkey, encompassing the most important mountains ecosystems, with high biological, natural, cultural and historical diversity. These parks also have aesthetic and recreational potential, and are valuable components within the country's nature protection programmes. Globally, a landscape can be regarded as the face of an ecosystem and constitutes a relationship between natural structure and visual features. There have been several studies on whether visual quality can provide indicators for landscape planning. Visual quality can also be assessed as a manifesto for community participation. This paper attempts to extend the understanding of visual quality assessment for national parks, using the Kackar Mountains National Park (KMNP) in northeastern Turkey as an example. A detailed survey of visual quality preferences, landscape factors (10 main and 40 sub-factors) and semantic factors (naturalness, variety, fascination, vividness, unity, interesting and exciting) affecting these preferences was made using 30 represenative slides selected from the park. The highest preference was found to be 6.54, while the lowest was 2.30. Regression analysis enabled us to determine the relationship between visual quality and visual landscape attributes. The R² value for naturalness was 0.482, while naturalness together with lake and fog percentage was 0.641. The assessment of preferences for the studied views in various landscape units can be evaluated and used for land-use decisions and future planning in KMNP.