Merve Yıldız | Karadeniz Technical University (original) (raw)

Papers by Merve Yıldız

Research paper thumbnail of Examination of Children’ Playing Game Tendencies and Digital Game Preferences Based on Gender

Academia Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2022

This study reports on a survey of 4-8th grade students' (N=10139) playing game tendencies and dig... more This study reports on a survey of 4-8th grade students' (N=10139) playing game tendencies and digital game preferences based on gender. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the children's playing game tendencies and digital game preferences. And also, frequent pattern mining was used to discover which digital games are played frequently and together by children. The findings showed that children have an increased time spent playing games on weekends and boys tend to playing game more than girls. On the other hand, action games stood out as the most common choice among the children both girls and boys. In terms of game language, Turkish and English games were preferred almost equally. In addition, children mostly preferred digital games that can be played online, offering in-app purchases, and played on mobile devices. According to the frequency of playing, it was found that the children mostly preferred to play Minecraft, followed by Subway Surfers and Hay Day, respectively. In terms of gender, it was concluded that girls mostly preferred Subway Surfers, while boys played Hay Day. When the games were considered according to the frequency of playing together, Temple Run and Subway Surfers games among girls, and FIFA and Piano Tiles games among boys can be played together. The research reveals more detailed information about children's game preferences in terms of gender.

Research paper thumbnail of Uzaktan Eğitim Programlarında Ders Veren Öğretim Elemanlarının Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Bilgi, Inanç ve Uygulamaları Arasındaki İlişkiler

Bu calismada, uzaktan egitim programlarinda ders veren ogretim elemanlarinin uzaktan egitime yone... more Bu calismada, uzaktan egitim programlarinda ders veren ogretim elemanlarinin uzaktan egitime yonelik bilgileri, inanclari ve uygulamalari arasindaki iliskiler incelenmistir. Calismaya uc farkli universitede gorev yapan ve uzaktan egitimde ders veren on alti ogretim elemani katilmistir. Calisma, nicel ve nitel arastirma yontemlerinin birlikte kullanildigi karma arastirma modeli olarak desenlenmistir.Ogretim elemanlarinin uzaktan egitime yonelik bilgileri acik uclu gorusme soruyla, uzaktan egitime yonelik inanclari arastirma kapsaminda gelistirilen Uzaktan Egitime Yonelik Ozyeterlik Algisi Olcegi ve Uzaktan Egitime Yonelik Yarar Algisi Olcegi kullanilarak belirlenmistir. Olceklerin gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismalari yapilmis ve her iki olcegin de uc faktor altinda toplandigi ve guvenirlik katsayilarinin yeterli duzeyde oldugu tespit edilmistir.

Research paper thumbnail of An Investigation on Instructors' Knowledge, Belief and Practices towards Distance Education

The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology (MOJET), 2018

Distance education systems have emerged as increasingly accessible and indispensable features in ... more Distance education systems have emerged as increasingly accessible and indispensable features in education owing to the development and spread of communication technologies and the transformation of individual characteristics, needs and demands. With the growing popularity of distance education programs, detailed analysis of their actual success and the factors contributing to this success are necessary. Distance education involves technological, organizational, social, instructional and psychological dimensions and its success rests on an acceptable arrangement of all dimensions. Instructors play a role of critical importance and act as an agent of change. Based on these defining features, this study focuses on the instructors tasked with giving lessons in distance education programs and aims to determine their instructional practices and the effect of their knowledge and beliefs on these practices. The study sample includes 16 instructors from three different public universities conducting lessons in distance education programs. Study data were collected during interviews and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The study findings indicate that the majority of instructors have greater understanding of the facilities such as time and space flexibility that distance education system provides than of subjects related to the instructional process, such as the role of the student and teacher and the use of learning-teaching principles. In the dimensions of technology management and virtual classroom management, instructors have strong self-efficacy beliefs, but low self-efficacy in learning process management. Similarly, instructors have high benefit beliefs as to the economical nature of distance learning, but lower benefit beliefs about the effectiveness of the learning products and the variety of learning experiences. Furthermore, instructors perform the tasks the system requires, but do not endeavor to increase the quality of teaching. Therefore, this study concludes that the beliefs of instructors teaching in distance education programs should be strengthened by ensuring a proper knowledge background to increase the effectiveness of the instructional process.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring collaboration in learning by design via weblogs

Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 2017

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore collaborative activities that were carried o... more The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore collaborative activities that were carried out via weblogs according to a “learning by design” approach. During the instructional process, Microsoft Publisher was used for a series of infographic design activities. The study participants were 33 undergraduate students who were enrolled in an Arts Education program. The data sources included weblogs that were used by the participants to discuss the design process, as well as reflection reports that they provided. The data were analyzed according to Murphy’s collaboration model, which involved associating the participants’ experiences in the design process with the sub-phases of collaboration outlined in the model. The results indicated that, through the use of weblogs, the participants were able to design infographics via a “learning by design” approach. The weblogs allowed students to share their knowledge, and thereby to develop better artifacts. It is hoped that the study may provide insights concerning the link between weblogs and the learning by design approach in graphic design activities.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of a university websites usability for visually impaired students

Universal Access in the Information Society, 2017

Today websites are the tools most commonly used to access information. People with disabilities f... more Today websites are the tools most commonly used to access information. People with disabilities face difficulties accessing or using information, and the importance of website usability in their lives needs to be recognized. Visually impaired students need to be able to use university websites that inform them about the opportunities and events taking place on campus. This study aims to evaluate the usability of a university website by visually impaired students. In this research, six visually impaired students were interviewed. The assistive technologies they use, as well as the various web pages they wished to use unaided were identified. Following data collection, usability tests were conducted and satisfaction surveys were completed. The usability test was done with five visually impaired students. They were asked to think aloud while performing 11 tasks involving their university’s web pages, including the main page and the pages of student affairs, library and departments and then to accomplish these tasks. In this test, five tasks were not successfully completed by all students. According to the test results, finding final exam dates on the academic calendar posed major difficulties, and accessing the course schedule web page was the task that required the most time. The test results indicated the need for a search engine on each page, a text version for all pages, rearrangement of the web link sequences with tabs and more information about visuals. Suggestions related to the visually impaired students’ needs were offered.

Research paper thumbnail of A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON TRANSFERRING THE EXPERIENCE OF USING TECHNOLOGY FROM FORMAL EDUCATION TO DISTANCE EDUCATION

Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE , 2015

With improvements in information technologies, distance education programs have become widespread... more With improvements in information technologies, distance education programs have become widespread. Institutions that offer distance education programs are increasing in number. Scholars who were used to face-to-face teaching began to give courses in distance education programs which entail technological teaching methods, a new teaching experience for the teachers. Formal education or face-to-face education and distance education have different dynamics. The transition to distance teaching from the first to the later involves the transmission of experiences of teaching with technology. For effective distance education, it is important to analyze the transmission of these teaching experiences. This study evaluates how faculty members' experiences with technologies in formal education are transmitted to distance education. Interviews were held with twelve scholars who have taught both formal and distance learning courses. The interviews were recorded. Content analysis method was used to obtain a deeper understanding of the data collected. It was found that the teaching materials used in the formal and distance educations were exactly the same. Some faculty members claimed that infrastructure and technical possibilities of the current system were not sufficient for the use of different teaching materials. However, this study suggests that teachers' beliefs about educational methods are the main reason that prevented the use of different teaching materials in distance education.

Research paper thumbnail of ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN EĞİTİMDE TEKNOLOJİ KULLANIMINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ

Bilim ve teknolojinin hızla geliştiği günümüzde teknolojinin ulaşılabilirlik, kişiselleştirilebil... more Bilim ve teknolojinin hızla geliştiği günümüzde teknolojinin ulaşılabilirlik, kişiselleştirilebilirlik ve taşınabilirlik gibi kendine özgü nitelikler, öğrencilerin sınıf ve sınıf dışı öğrenme alışkanlıklarını değiştirmiştir. Bilginin, artık geleneksel öğretim yöntemleri ile aktarılması ve ezberlenmesi söz konusu değildir. Günümüzde, bütün dünyada iletişim teknolojisinin ilerlemesine paralel olarak, eğitim bilimlerinde de yeni arayışlar içine girilmiştir. Öğrencilerin teknolojik araç gereçlere yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla, çeşitli çalışmalar yapılarak, yatırımların daha akılcı kullanılmasına ilişkin gerekli eğitim politika ve stratejilerin oluşturulmasına önem verilmektedir. Bütün bu sonuçlar, öğrencilerin teknolojik araç gereçlere yönelik tutumlarının ve fikirlerinin bilinmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Books by Merve Yıldız

Research paper thumbnail of Bilgi İşlemsel Düşünme Becerisinin Geliştirilmesinde Bilgisayarsız Etkinlik Önerileri

Eğitim Teknolojileri Okumaları 2018, 2018

Bilim ve teknolojideki gelişmeler, değişen ihtiyaçlar ve nitelikli insan gücüne duyulan gereksini... more Bilim ve teknolojideki gelişmeler, değişen ihtiyaçlar ve nitelikli insan gücüne duyulan gereksinim bireylerde aranan özellikleri farklılaştırmaktadır. Bu özelliklerden biri olan bilgi işlemsel düşünme becerisi, dijital çağ öğrenenleri için temel bir okuryazarlık becerisi olarak görülmektedir. Kritik öneme sahip bu becerinin kazandırılması ise eğitim alanındaki çalışmaların odak noktası haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda ülkemizin de dahil olduğu bazı ülkeler bilgi işlemsel düşünme becerisini öğretim programlarıyla bütünleştirmeye ve bu kapsamda bilgisayarlı ve bilgisayarsız olmak üzere çeşitli projeler, uygulamalar ve etkinlikler geliştirmeye başlamıştır. Bilgisayarlı uygulamalara programlama öğretimi, robotik uygulamalar, çeşitli dijital araçlar ve oyunlar örnek olarak verilebilir. Bilgisayarsız uygulamalarda ise kağıt-kalem etkinlikleri, ürün tasarlama, çeşitli bulmaca ve oyun etkinlikleri yer almaktadır. Buradan hareketle, bu bölümde bilgi işlemsel düşünme becerisinin geliştirilmesine yönelik üç farklı bilgisayarsız etkinlik önerisi sunulmuştur. Tüm etkinlikler ilişkili olduğu ders ve kazanım, hedef kitle, etkinliğin amacı, gerekli malzemeler, etkinliğin hazırlanması ve uygulanması, bilgi işlemsel düşünme ve 21.yy. becerilerine olası katkıları ve farklı disiplinlerde uygulanabilirliği kapsamında ele alınmıştır.

Research paper thumbnail of STEM Eğitiminde Bilişimsel Düşünme ve Kodlamanın Rolü

Kuramdan Uygulamaya Stem Eğitimi, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Bilişimsel Düşünme ve Programlama

Eğitim Teknolojileri Okumaları 2017, 2017

Özet Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi ve yaygınlaşması ile bireysel ve toplumsal ihtiy... more Özet Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi ve yaygınlaşması ile bireysel ve toplumsal ihtiyaçlardaki değişim, bireylerin 21.yy becerileri olarak tanımlanan özelliklere sahip olmalarını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu özellikler, son dönemlerde özellikle endüstri 4.0' daki "bilişim" vurgusu ile birlikte, bilişimsel düşünme becerisi kavramını gündeme getirmiştir. Bilişimsel düşünme, kısaca problemlerin çözümündeki bilişsel süreçler olarak ifade edilmekle birlikte sadece bilgisayar mühendislerinin değil tüm bireylerin günlük yaşamda karşılaştıkları problemleri çözme yeteneklerini geliştirmelerinde etkin rol oynamaktadır. Bu bilişsel süreçteki, problem çözme, eleştirel düşünme, analitik düşünme ve yaratıcılık gibi becerilerin geliştirilmesinin en etkili yollarından biri programlama eğitimidir. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu bölümde 21.yy becerileri odağında bilişimsel düşünme ve bilişimsel düşünmenin programlama becerisiyle olan ilişkisi ele alınmıştır.

Research paper thumbnail of Examination of Children’ Playing Game Tendencies and Digital Game Preferences Based on Gender

Academia Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2022

This study reports on a survey of 4-8th grade students' (N=10139) playing game tendencies and dig... more This study reports on a survey of 4-8th grade students' (N=10139) playing game tendencies and digital game preferences based on gender. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the children's playing game tendencies and digital game preferences. And also, frequent pattern mining was used to discover which digital games are played frequently and together by children. The findings showed that children have an increased time spent playing games on weekends and boys tend to playing game more than girls. On the other hand, action games stood out as the most common choice among the children both girls and boys. In terms of game language, Turkish and English games were preferred almost equally. In addition, children mostly preferred digital games that can be played online, offering in-app purchases, and played on mobile devices. According to the frequency of playing, it was found that the children mostly preferred to play Minecraft, followed by Subway Surfers and Hay Day, respectively. In terms of gender, it was concluded that girls mostly preferred Subway Surfers, while boys played Hay Day. When the games were considered according to the frequency of playing together, Temple Run and Subway Surfers games among girls, and FIFA and Piano Tiles games among boys can be played together. The research reveals more detailed information about children's game preferences in terms of gender.

Research paper thumbnail of Uzaktan Eğitim Programlarında Ders Veren Öğretim Elemanlarının Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Bilgi, Inanç ve Uygulamaları Arasındaki İlişkiler

Bu calismada, uzaktan egitim programlarinda ders veren ogretim elemanlarinin uzaktan egitime yone... more Bu calismada, uzaktan egitim programlarinda ders veren ogretim elemanlarinin uzaktan egitime yonelik bilgileri, inanclari ve uygulamalari arasindaki iliskiler incelenmistir. Calismaya uc farkli universitede gorev yapan ve uzaktan egitimde ders veren on alti ogretim elemani katilmistir. Calisma, nicel ve nitel arastirma yontemlerinin birlikte kullanildigi karma arastirma modeli olarak desenlenmistir.Ogretim elemanlarinin uzaktan egitime yonelik bilgileri acik uclu gorusme soruyla, uzaktan egitime yonelik inanclari arastirma kapsaminda gelistirilen Uzaktan Egitime Yonelik Ozyeterlik Algisi Olcegi ve Uzaktan Egitime Yonelik Yarar Algisi Olcegi kullanilarak belirlenmistir. Olceklerin gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismalari yapilmis ve her iki olcegin de uc faktor altinda toplandigi ve guvenirlik katsayilarinin yeterli duzeyde oldugu tespit edilmistir.

Research paper thumbnail of An Investigation on Instructors' Knowledge, Belief and Practices towards Distance Education

The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology (MOJET), 2018

Distance education systems have emerged as increasingly accessible and indispensable features in ... more Distance education systems have emerged as increasingly accessible and indispensable features in education owing to the development and spread of communication technologies and the transformation of individual characteristics, needs and demands. With the growing popularity of distance education programs, detailed analysis of their actual success and the factors contributing to this success are necessary. Distance education involves technological, organizational, social, instructional and psychological dimensions and its success rests on an acceptable arrangement of all dimensions. Instructors play a role of critical importance and act as an agent of change. Based on these defining features, this study focuses on the instructors tasked with giving lessons in distance education programs and aims to determine their instructional practices and the effect of their knowledge and beliefs on these practices. The study sample includes 16 instructors from three different public universities conducting lessons in distance education programs. Study data were collected during interviews and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The study findings indicate that the majority of instructors have greater understanding of the facilities such as time and space flexibility that distance education system provides than of subjects related to the instructional process, such as the role of the student and teacher and the use of learning-teaching principles. In the dimensions of technology management and virtual classroom management, instructors have strong self-efficacy beliefs, but low self-efficacy in learning process management. Similarly, instructors have high benefit beliefs as to the economical nature of distance learning, but lower benefit beliefs about the effectiveness of the learning products and the variety of learning experiences. Furthermore, instructors perform the tasks the system requires, but do not endeavor to increase the quality of teaching. Therefore, this study concludes that the beliefs of instructors teaching in distance education programs should be strengthened by ensuring a proper knowledge background to increase the effectiveness of the instructional process.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring collaboration in learning by design via weblogs

Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 2017

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore collaborative activities that were carried o... more The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore collaborative activities that were carried out via weblogs according to a “learning by design” approach. During the instructional process, Microsoft Publisher was used for a series of infographic design activities. The study participants were 33 undergraduate students who were enrolled in an Arts Education program. The data sources included weblogs that were used by the participants to discuss the design process, as well as reflection reports that they provided. The data were analyzed according to Murphy’s collaboration model, which involved associating the participants’ experiences in the design process with the sub-phases of collaboration outlined in the model. The results indicated that, through the use of weblogs, the participants were able to design infographics via a “learning by design” approach. The weblogs allowed students to share their knowledge, and thereby to develop better artifacts. It is hoped that the study may provide insights concerning the link between weblogs and the learning by design approach in graphic design activities.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of a university websites usability for visually impaired students

Universal Access in the Information Society, 2017

Today websites are the tools most commonly used to access information. People with disabilities f... more Today websites are the tools most commonly used to access information. People with disabilities face difficulties accessing or using information, and the importance of website usability in their lives needs to be recognized. Visually impaired students need to be able to use university websites that inform them about the opportunities and events taking place on campus. This study aims to evaluate the usability of a university website by visually impaired students. In this research, six visually impaired students were interviewed. The assistive technologies they use, as well as the various web pages they wished to use unaided were identified. Following data collection, usability tests were conducted and satisfaction surveys were completed. The usability test was done with five visually impaired students. They were asked to think aloud while performing 11 tasks involving their university’s web pages, including the main page and the pages of student affairs, library and departments and then to accomplish these tasks. In this test, five tasks were not successfully completed by all students. According to the test results, finding final exam dates on the academic calendar posed major difficulties, and accessing the course schedule web page was the task that required the most time. The test results indicated the need for a search engine on each page, a text version for all pages, rearrangement of the web link sequences with tabs and more information about visuals. Suggestions related to the visually impaired students’ needs were offered.

Research paper thumbnail of A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON TRANSFERRING THE EXPERIENCE OF USING TECHNOLOGY FROM FORMAL EDUCATION TO DISTANCE EDUCATION

Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE , 2015

With improvements in information technologies, distance education programs have become widespread... more With improvements in information technologies, distance education programs have become widespread. Institutions that offer distance education programs are increasing in number. Scholars who were used to face-to-face teaching began to give courses in distance education programs which entail technological teaching methods, a new teaching experience for the teachers. Formal education or face-to-face education and distance education have different dynamics. The transition to distance teaching from the first to the later involves the transmission of experiences of teaching with technology. For effective distance education, it is important to analyze the transmission of these teaching experiences. This study evaluates how faculty members' experiences with technologies in formal education are transmitted to distance education. Interviews were held with twelve scholars who have taught both formal and distance learning courses. The interviews were recorded. Content analysis method was used to obtain a deeper understanding of the data collected. It was found that the teaching materials used in the formal and distance educations were exactly the same. Some faculty members claimed that infrastructure and technical possibilities of the current system were not sufficient for the use of different teaching materials. However, this study suggests that teachers' beliefs about educational methods are the main reason that prevented the use of different teaching materials in distance education.

Research paper thumbnail of ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN EĞİTİMDE TEKNOLOJİ KULLANIMINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ

Bilim ve teknolojinin hızla geliştiği günümüzde teknolojinin ulaşılabilirlik, kişiselleştirilebil... more Bilim ve teknolojinin hızla geliştiği günümüzde teknolojinin ulaşılabilirlik, kişiselleştirilebilirlik ve taşınabilirlik gibi kendine özgü nitelikler, öğrencilerin sınıf ve sınıf dışı öğrenme alışkanlıklarını değiştirmiştir. Bilginin, artık geleneksel öğretim yöntemleri ile aktarılması ve ezberlenmesi söz konusu değildir. Günümüzde, bütün dünyada iletişim teknolojisinin ilerlemesine paralel olarak, eğitim bilimlerinde de yeni arayışlar içine girilmiştir. Öğrencilerin teknolojik araç gereçlere yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla, çeşitli çalışmalar yapılarak, yatırımların daha akılcı kullanılmasına ilişkin gerekli eğitim politika ve stratejilerin oluşturulmasına önem verilmektedir. Bütün bu sonuçlar, öğrencilerin teknolojik araç gereçlere yönelik tutumlarının ve fikirlerinin bilinmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Research paper thumbnail of Bilgi İşlemsel Düşünme Becerisinin Geliştirilmesinde Bilgisayarsız Etkinlik Önerileri

Eğitim Teknolojileri Okumaları 2018, 2018

Bilim ve teknolojideki gelişmeler, değişen ihtiyaçlar ve nitelikli insan gücüne duyulan gereksini... more Bilim ve teknolojideki gelişmeler, değişen ihtiyaçlar ve nitelikli insan gücüne duyulan gereksinim bireylerde aranan özellikleri farklılaştırmaktadır. Bu özelliklerden biri olan bilgi işlemsel düşünme becerisi, dijital çağ öğrenenleri için temel bir okuryazarlık becerisi olarak görülmektedir. Kritik öneme sahip bu becerinin kazandırılması ise eğitim alanındaki çalışmaların odak noktası haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda ülkemizin de dahil olduğu bazı ülkeler bilgi işlemsel düşünme becerisini öğretim programlarıyla bütünleştirmeye ve bu kapsamda bilgisayarlı ve bilgisayarsız olmak üzere çeşitli projeler, uygulamalar ve etkinlikler geliştirmeye başlamıştır. Bilgisayarlı uygulamalara programlama öğretimi, robotik uygulamalar, çeşitli dijital araçlar ve oyunlar örnek olarak verilebilir. Bilgisayarsız uygulamalarda ise kağıt-kalem etkinlikleri, ürün tasarlama, çeşitli bulmaca ve oyun etkinlikleri yer almaktadır. Buradan hareketle, bu bölümde bilgi işlemsel düşünme becerisinin geliştirilmesine yönelik üç farklı bilgisayarsız etkinlik önerisi sunulmuştur. Tüm etkinlikler ilişkili olduğu ders ve kazanım, hedef kitle, etkinliğin amacı, gerekli malzemeler, etkinliğin hazırlanması ve uygulanması, bilgi işlemsel düşünme ve 21.yy. becerilerine olası katkıları ve farklı disiplinlerde uygulanabilirliği kapsamında ele alınmıştır.

Research paper thumbnail of STEM Eğitiminde Bilişimsel Düşünme ve Kodlamanın Rolü

Kuramdan Uygulamaya Stem Eğitimi, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Bilişimsel Düşünme ve Programlama

Eğitim Teknolojileri Okumaları 2017, 2017

Özet Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi ve yaygınlaşması ile bireysel ve toplumsal ihtiy... more Özet Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi ve yaygınlaşması ile bireysel ve toplumsal ihtiyaçlardaki değişim, bireylerin 21.yy becerileri olarak tanımlanan özelliklere sahip olmalarını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu özellikler, son dönemlerde özellikle endüstri 4.0' daki "bilişim" vurgusu ile birlikte, bilişimsel düşünme becerisi kavramını gündeme getirmiştir. Bilişimsel düşünme, kısaca problemlerin çözümündeki bilişsel süreçler olarak ifade edilmekle birlikte sadece bilgisayar mühendislerinin değil tüm bireylerin günlük yaşamda karşılaştıkları problemleri çözme yeteneklerini geliştirmelerinde etkin rol oynamaktadır. Bu bilişsel süreçteki, problem çözme, eleştirel düşünme, analitik düşünme ve yaratıcılık gibi becerilerin geliştirilmesinin en etkili yollarından biri programlama eğitimidir. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu bölümde 21.yy becerileri odağında bilişimsel düşünme ve bilişimsel düşünmenin programlama becerisiyle olan ilişkisi ele alınmıştır.