Ida Theilade | University of Copenhagen (original) (raw)

Papers by Ida Theilade

Research paper thumbnail of The Use of DNA Barcoding in Identification and Conservation of Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.)

PLOS ONE, 2015

The genus Dalbergia contains many valuable timber species threatened by illegal logging and defor... more The genus Dalbergia contains many valuable timber species threatened by illegal logging and deforestation, but knowledge on distributions and threats is often limited and accurate species identification difficult. The aim of this study was to apply DNA barcoding methods to support conservation efforts of Dalbergia species in Indochina. We used the recommended rbcL, matK and ITS barcoding markers on 95 samples covering 31 species of Dalbergia, and tested their discrimination ability with both traditional distance-based as well as different model-based machine learning methods. We specifically tested whether the markers could be used to solve taxonomic confusion concerning the timber species Dalbergia oliveri, and to identify the CITES-listed Dalbergia cochinchinensis. We also applied the barcoding markers to 14 samples of unknown identity. In general, we found that the barcoding markers discriminated among Dalbergia species with high accuracy. We found that ITS yielded the single highest discrimination rate (100%), but due to difficulties in obtaining high-quality sequences from degraded material, the better overall choice for Dalbergia seems to be the standard rbcL+matK barcode, as this yielded discrimination rates close to 90% and amplified well. The distance-based method TaxonDNA showed the highest identification rates overall, although a more complete specimen sampling is needed to conclude on the best analytic method. We found strong support for a monophyletic Dalbergia oliveri and encourage that this name is used consistently in Indochina. The CITES-listed Dalbergia cochinchinensis was successfully identified, and a species-specific assay can be developed from the data generated in this study for the identification of illegally traded timber. We suggest that the use of DNA barcoding is integrated into the work flow during floristic studies and at national herbaria in the region, as this could significantly increase the number of identified specimens and improve knowledge about species distributions.

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Research paper thumbnail of Asháninka medicinal plants: a case study from the native community of Bajo Quimiriki, Junín, Peru

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Use and valuation of native and introduced medicinal plant species in Campo Hermoso and Zetaquira, Boyacá, Colombia

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2013

Medicinal plant species contribute significantly to folk medicine in Colombia. However, few local... more Medicinal plant species contribute significantly to folk medicine in Colombia. However, few local studies have investigated whether species used are introduced or native and whether there is a difference in importance of native and introduced medicinal plant species. The aim of the present study was to describe the use of medicinal plants within two municipalities, Campo Hermoso and Zetaquira, both in the department of Boyacá, Colombia and to assess the importance of native and introduced plants to healers, amateur healers and local people. As local healers including amateur healers have no history of introduced species our working hypotheses (H(1-2)) were that H(1): native and introduced medicinal plant species are of equal importance and H(2): healers and amateur healers do not differentiate in their preferences between native and introduced medicinal plant species. Ten villages were included in the study. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used including questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, in- depth interviews, and open talks. Voucher specimens were collected in home gardens and during field walks. For data analysis, we calculated use value indices and Jaccard index and tested for the above hypothesis using Spearman rank-correlation coefficients and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. Eighty medicinal plant species were described by locals as the most frequently used. Of these, 78 species were taxonomically identified, distributed within 41 families and 74 genera, which included 35 native species and 43 introduced. The highest valued families were: Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Rutaceae and Verbenaceae. The species ranked highest according to their Use Values, in both municipalities, were Mentha suaveolens Ehrh., Ambrosia cumanensis Kunth, and Verbena littoralis Kunth. Introduced species were more important than native ones in Zetaquira, while there was no difference in importance in Campo Hermoso. While healers relied most on the uses of native species, amateur healers were inclined to rely on introduced species. Medicinal plant administration in both municipalities follow the usual pattern: Leaves are used most commonly prepared by decoction or infusion and administrated orally. The high proportion of introduced plant species used in the local traditional medicines is similar to the results of a number of other ethnobotanical studies and emphasise the need for efforts to record and maintain traditional knowledge on native species.

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Research paper thumbnail of 2012 Forgotten D REDD Mertz et al GT-DJG

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Research paper thumbnail of Tree utilization and management in Africa: A case study from semi-arid Tanzania

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Research paper thumbnail of Ethnobotanical Knowledge: Implications for Participatory Forest Management

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Research paper thumbnail of USE-VALUES AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF TREES TO THE KAGURU PEOPLE IN SEMI-ARID TANZANIA: PART II WOODLAND SPECIES

The aim of this study was to describe the use and relative importance of woodland tree species to... more The aim of this study was to describe the use and relative importance of woodland tree species to rural people in semi-arid Tanzania, and compare the findings with that of trees retained or planted on private land. This will facilitate focussing on priority species for improved management and conservation within communal forests, as well as for tree planting on private land. Quantitative ethnobotanical techniques were used to estimate use-values for tree species found in the communal village forest. Local people used all the tree species included in this survey, half of which were in the top three for at least one use-category. Valuation of species by informants may be influenced by the land use of the area where the valuation takes place. Key informants listed a total of 22 tree species as extremely valuable for construction or commercial purposes; of these 10 were now locally extinct. Villagers now provide construction material for own use and sale by planting exotic species rather than by managing their woodlands or domesticating indigenous species. Resource scarcity and commercialisation are suggested as the main forces driving tree planting. Measures are needed to conserve valuable indigenous species in the area.

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Research paper thumbnail of Why Combine Private and Communal Tree Management? A CaseStudy Based in Majawanga (Gairo, Tanzania)

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Research paper thumbnail of ESTIMATING USE-VALUES AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF TREES TO THE KAGURU PEOPLE IN SEMI-ARID TANZANIA

This study documents the local knowledge about uses and importance of trees to the Kaguru people ... more This study documents the local knowledge about uses and importance of trees to the Kaguru people in the Morogoro Region. Tanzania. The study was carried out as a first step towards the improved use and management of trees within the region. Quantitative ethnobotany, using the informant consensus method, was used to estimate use-values for 47 tree species found within a village and on adjacent farmlands. All species were found to have uses and 27 species are within the top 3 in at least one of 11 use-categories for meeting livelihood needs. Thus, a diversity of tree species plays an important role in people's livelihood. The most important tree species identified were the indigenous multipurpose trees Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne, Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl, and Azanza garckeana (F. Hoffm.) Exell & Hillc. For more specific uses, the most important trees were exotic species such as Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. for construction. Carica papaya L. for fruits and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. for medicine. The firewood and construction use-categories had the highest sum of all tree rankings. Relatively few of the 47 trees species were ranked as useful for fodder and only 3 ranked as very useful. Other tree species identified in neighbouring areas but absent in Majawanga, could be introduced.

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Research paper thumbnail of Use of Non Wood Forest Products by local people bordering the "Parc National Kaboré Tambi", Burkina Faso

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Research paper thumbnail of The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+

Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Mixed method approaches to evaluate conservation impact: evidence from decentralized forest management in Tanzania

Environmental Conservation, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+

Geografisk Tidsskrift-danish Journal of Geography, 2012

International climate negotiations have stressed the importance of considering emissions from for... more International climate negotiations have stressed the importance of considering emissions from forest degradation under the planned REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation + enhancing forest carbon stocks) mechanism. However, most research, pilot-REDD+ projects and carbon certification agencies have focused on deforestation and there appears to be a gap in knowledge on complex mosaic landscapes containing degraded forests, smallholder agriculture, agroforestry and plantations. In this paper we therefore review current research on how avoided forest degradation '… may affect emissions of greenhouse gases …' (GHG) and expected co-benefits in terms of biodiversity and livelihoods. There are still high uncertainties in measuring and monitoring emissions of carbon and other GHG from mosaic landscapes with forest degradation since most research has focused on binary analyses of forest vs. deforested land. Studies on the impacts of forest degradation on biodiversity contain mixed results and there is little empirical evidence on the influence of REDD+ on local livelihoods and tenure security, partly due to the lack of actual payment schemes. Governance structures are also more complex in landscapes with degraded forests as there are often multiple owners and types of rights to land and trees. Recent technological advances in remote sensing have improved estimation of carbon stock changes but establishment of historic reference levels is still challenged by the availability of sensor systems and ground measurements during the reference period. The inclusion of forest degradation in REDD+ calls for a range of new research efforts to enhance our knowledge of how to assess the impacts of avoided forest degradation. A first step will be to ensure that complex mosaic landscapes can be recognised under REDD+ on their own merits.

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Research paper thumbnail of Community Monitoring of Carbon Stocks for REDD+: Does Accuracy and Cost Change over Time?

Forests, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Community Monitoring for REDD+: International Promises and Field Realities

Ecology and Society, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of A framework for integrating biodiversity concerns into national REDD+ programmes

Biological Conservation, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Integration of species persistence, costs and conflicts: An evaluation of tree conservation strategies in Cambodia

Biological Conservation, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of ZINGIBER SULPHUREUM Zingiberaceae

Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 1995

It is appropriate to include in this part of the Magazine an exciting member of the very diverse ... more It is appropriate to include in this part of the Magazine an exciting member of the very diverse ginger family since it is so well represented in the area covered by Flora Malesiana; at present it is thought to comprise 25 genera and around 650 described species (Larsen, pers. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of ZINGIBER SULPHUREUM Zingiberaceae

Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 1995

It is appropriate to include in this part of the Magazine an exciting member of the very diverse ... more It is appropriate to include in this part of the Magazine an exciting member of the very diverse ginger family since it is so well represented in the area covered by Flora Malesiana; at present it is thought to comprise 25 genera and around 650 described species (Larsen, pers. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Six new species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo

Nordic Journal of Botany, 1999

Six new species of the genus Zingiber from Borneo are presented. Z viridiflavum was collected in ... more Six new species of the genus Zingiber from Borneo are presented. Z viridiflavum was collected in primary lowland forest, while Z chlorobracteatum was collected in hilly secondary forest. Both are characterized by their slender fusiform inflorescences with yellow-green bracts. Z. flagelliforme found in primary lowland forest displays a peculiar reproduction habit in its tapering leafy shoots which bend over to trail on the ground where plantlets produced in the leaf-axis take root. Z velutinum was found in mid-elevation secondary forest. It is a tall plant with large ovate inflorescences and bright red, densely hairy bracts. Z phillippsii was found in a gulley in montane primary forest. It is vegetatively characterized by its purple stems and glabrous leaves while the inflorescence has a similarity to the common Bornean species Z. coloratum. Z. georgeii is distinct by its procumbent inflorescences with orange bracts. Z viridiflavum, Z. chlorobracteatum, Z. flagelliforme, Z. phillippsii and Z velutinum are from Sabah and Z georgeii is from Sarawak.

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Research paper thumbnail of The Use of DNA Barcoding in Identification and Conservation of Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.)

PLOS ONE, 2015

The genus Dalbergia contains many valuable timber species threatened by illegal logging and defor... more The genus Dalbergia contains many valuable timber species threatened by illegal logging and deforestation, but knowledge on distributions and threats is often limited and accurate species identification difficult. The aim of this study was to apply DNA barcoding methods to support conservation efforts of Dalbergia species in Indochina. We used the recommended rbcL, matK and ITS barcoding markers on 95 samples covering 31 species of Dalbergia, and tested their discrimination ability with both traditional distance-based as well as different model-based machine learning methods. We specifically tested whether the markers could be used to solve taxonomic confusion concerning the timber species Dalbergia oliveri, and to identify the CITES-listed Dalbergia cochinchinensis. We also applied the barcoding markers to 14 samples of unknown identity. In general, we found that the barcoding markers discriminated among Dalbergia species with high accuracy. We found that ITS yielded the single highest discrimination rate (100%), but due to difficulties in obtaining high-quality sequences from degraded material, the better overall choice for Dalbergia seems to be the standard rbcL+matK barcode, as this yielded discrimination rates close to 90% and amplified well. The distance-based method TaxonDNA showed the highest identification rates overall, although a more complete specimen sampling is needed to conclude on the best analytic method. We found strong support for a monophyletic Dalbergia oliveri and encourage that this name is used consistently in Indochina. The CITES-listed Dalbergia cochinchinensis was successfully identified, and a species-specific assay can be developed from the data generated in this study for the identification of illegally traded timber. We suggest that the use of DNA barcoding is integrated into the work flow during floristic studies and at national herbaria in the region, as this could significantly increase the number of identified specimens and improve knowledge about species distributions.

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Research paper thumbnail of Asháninka medicinal plants: a case study from the native community of Bajo Quimiriki, Junín, Peru

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Use and valuation of native and introduced medicinal plant species in Campo Hermoso and Zetaquira, Boyacá, Colombia

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2013

Medicinal plant species contribute significantly to folk medicine in Colombia. However, few local... more Medicinal plant species contribute significantly to folk medicine in Colombia. However, few local studies have investigated whether species used are introduced or native and whether there is a difference in importance of native and introduced medicinal plant species. The aim of the present study was to describe the use of medicinal plants within two municipalities, Campo Hermoso and Zetaquira, both in the department of Boyacá, Colombia and to assess the importance of native and introduced plants to healers, amateur healers and local people. As local healers including amateur healers have no history of introduced species our working hypotheses (H(1-2)) were that H(1): native and introduced medicinal plant species are of equal importance and H(2): healers and amateur healers do not differentiate in their preferences between native and introduced medicinal plant species. Ten villages were included in the study. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used including questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, in- depth interviews, and open talks. Voucher specimens were collected in home gardens and during field walks. For data analysis, we calculated use value indices and Jaccard index and tested for the above hypothesis using Spearman rank-correlation coefficients and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. Eighty medicinal plant species were described by locals as the most frequently used. Of these, 78 species were taxonomically identified, distributed within 41 families and 74 genera, which included 35 native species and 43 introduced. The highest valued families were: Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Rutaceae and Verbenaceae. The species ranked highest according to their Use Values, in both municipalities, were Mentha suaveolens Ehrh., Ambrosia cumanensis Kunth, and Verbena littoralis Kunth. Introduced species were more important than native ones in Zetaquira, while there was no difference in importance in Campo Hermoso. While healers relied most on the uses of native species, amateur healers were inclined to rely on introduced species. Medicinal plant administration in both municipalities follow the usual pattern: Leaves are used most commonly prepared by decoction or infusion and administrated orally. The high proportion of introduced plant species used in the local traditional medicines is similar to the results of a number of other ethnobotanical studies and emphasise the need for efforts to record and maintain traditional knowledge on native species.

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Research paper thumbnail of 2012 Forgotten D REDD Mertz et al GT-DJG

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Research paper thumbnail of Tree utilization and management in Africa: A case study from semi-arid Tanzania

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Ethnobotanical Knowledge: Implications for Participatory Forest Management

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of USE-VALUES AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF TREES TO THE KAGURU PEOPLE IN SEMI-ARID TANZANIA: PART II WOODLAND SPECIES

The aim of this study was to describe the use and relative importance of woodland tree species to... more The aim of this study was to describe the use and relative importance of woodland tree species to rural people in semi-arid Tanzania, and compare the findings with that of trees retained or planted on private land. This will facilitate focussing on priority species for improved management and conservation within communal forests, as well as for tree planting on private land. Quantitative ethnobotanical techniques were used to estimate use-values for tree species found in the communal village forest. Local people used all the tree species included in this survey, half of which were in the top three for at least one use-category. Valuation of species by informants may be influenced by the land use of the area where the valuation takes place. Key informants listed a total of 22 tree species as extremely valuable for construction or commercial purposes; of these 10 were now locally extinct. Villagers now provide construction material for own use and sale by planting exotic species rather than by managing their woodlands or domesticating indigenous species. Resource scarcity and commercialisation are suggested as the main forces driving tree planting. Measures are needed to conserve valuable indigenous species in the area.

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Research paper thumbnail of Why Combine Private and Communal Tree Management? A CaseStudy Based in Majawanga (Gairo, Tanzania)

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of ESTIMATING USE-VALUES AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF TREES TO THE KAGURU PEOPLE IN SEMI-ARID TANZANIA

This study documents the local knowledge about uses and importance of trees to the Kaguru people ... more This study documents the local knowledge about uses and importance of trees to the Kaguru people in the Morogoro Region. Tanzania. The study was carried out as a first step towards the improved use and management of trees within the region. Quantitative ethnobotany, using the informant consensus method, was used to estimate use-values for 47 tree species found within a village and on adjacent farmlands. All species were found to have uses and 27 species are within the top 3 in at least one of 11 use-categories for meeting livelihood needs. Thus, a diversity of tree species plays an important role in people's livelihood. The most important tree species identified were the indigenous multipurpose trees Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne, Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl, and Azanza garckeana (F. Hoffm.) Exell & Hillc. For more specific uses, the most important trees were exotic species such as Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. for construction. Carica papaya L. for fruits and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. for medicine. The firewood and construction use-categories had the highest sum of all tree rankings. Relatively few of the 47 trees species were ranked as useful for fodder and only 3 ranked as very useful. Other tree species identified in neighbouring areas but absent in Majawanga, could be introduced.

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Research paper thumbnail of Use of Non Wood Forest Products by local people bordering the "Parc National Kaboré Tambi", Burkina Faso

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+

Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Mixed method approaches to evaluate conservation impact: evidence from decentralized forest management in Tanzania

Environmental Conservation, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+

Geografisk Tidsskrift-danish Journal of Geography, 2012

International climate negotiations have stressed the importance of considering emissions from for... more International climate negotiations have stressed the importance of considering emissions from forest degradation under the planned REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation + enhancing forest carbon stocks) mechanism. However, most research, pilot-REDD+ projects and carbon certification agencies have focused on deforestation and there appears to be a gap in knowledge on complex mosaic landscapes containing degraded forests, smallholder agriculture, agroforestry and plantations. In this paper we therefore review current research on how avoided forest degradation '… may affect emissions of greenhouse gases …' (GHG) and expected co-benefits in terms of biodiversity and livelihoods. There are still high uncertainties in measuring and monitoring emissions of carbon and other GHG from mosaic landscapes with forest degradation since most research has focused on binary analyses of forest vs. deforested land. Studies on the impacts of forest degradation on biodiversity contain mixed results and there is little empirical evidence on the influence of REDD+ on local livelihoods and tenure security, partly due to the lack of actual payment schemes. Governance structures are also more complex in landscapes with degraded forests as there are often multiple owners and types of rights to land and trees. Recent technological advances in remote sensing have improved estimation of carbon stock changes but establishment of historic reference levels is still challenged by the availability of sensor systems and ground measurements during the reference period. The inclusion of forest degradation in REDD+ calls for a range of new research efforts to enhance our knowledge of how to assess the impacts of avoided forest degradation. A first step will be to ensure that complex mosaic landscapes can be recognised under REDD+ on their own merits.

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Research paper thumbnail of Community Monitoring of Carbon Stocks for REDD+: Does Accuracy and Cost Change over Time?

Forests, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Community Monitoring for REDD+: International Promises and Field Realities

Ecology and Society, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of A framework for integrating biodiversity concerns into national REDD+ programmes

Biological Conservation, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Integration of species persistence, costs and conflicts: An evaluation of tree conservation strategies in Cambodia

Biological Conservation, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of ZINGIBER SULPHUREUM Zingiberaceae

Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 1995

It is appropriate to include in this part of the Magazine an exciting member of the very diverse ... more It is appropriate to include in this part of the Magazine an exciting member of the very diverse ginger family since it is so well represented in the area covered by Flora Malesiana; at present it is thought to comprise 25 genera and around 650 described species (Larsen, pers. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of ZINGIBER SULPHUREUM Zingiberaceae

Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 1995

It is appropriate to include in this part of the Magazine an exciting member of the very diverse ... more It is appropriate to include in this part of the Magazine an exciting member of the very diverse ginger family since it is so well represented in the area covered by Flora Malesiana; at present it is thought to comprise 25 genera and around 650 described species (Larsen, pers. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Six new species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo

Nordic Journal of Botany, 1999

Six new species of the genus Zingiber from Borneo are presented. Z viridiflavum was collected in ... more Six new species of the genus Zingiber from Borneo are presented. Z viridiflavum was collected in primary lowland forest, while Z chlorobracteatum was collected in hilly secondary forest. Both are characterized by their slender fusiform inflorescences with yellow-green bracts. Z. flagelliforme found in primary lowland forest displays a peculiar reproduction habit in its tapering leafy shoots which bend over to trail on the ground where plantlets produced in the leaf-axis take root. Z velutinum was found in mid-elevation secondary forest. It is a tall plant with large ovate inflorescences and bright red, densely hairy bracts. Z phillippsii was found in a gulley in montane primary forest. It is vegetatively characterized by its purple stems and glabrous leaves while the inflorescence has a similarity to the common Bornean species Z. coloratum. Z. georgeii is distinct by its procumbent inflorescences with orange bracts. Z viridiflavum, Z. chlorobracteatum, Z. flagelliforme, Z. phillippsii and Z velutinum are from Sabah and Z georgeii is from Sarawak.

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