Karl Bang Christensen | University of Copenhagen (original) (raw)
Papers by Karl Bang Christensen
Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 2004
This article presents a framework for the use of latent variables as outcomes in regression analy... more This article presents a framework for the use of latent variables as outcomes in regression analysis. Based on loglinear Rasch models where item parameters are known or estimated using conditional maximum likelihood a simple and fast estimation algorithm is proposed. ...
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Journal of Voice
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Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
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PLOS ONE
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BACKGROUND Individuals diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) live with the ... more BACKGROUND Individuals diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) live with the burden of progressive life-threatening condition that is often accompanied by anxiety and depression. The severity of the condition is usually considered from a clinical perspective, and characterized according to the GOLD classification of severity that focuses on increasing symptoms and exacerbations (A through D) whereas information about perceived health or ability to manage the condition are rarely objectively included. OBJECTIVE To evaluate three patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) to understand how these can be used to report on individuals living with COPD supported by an innovative digitally assisted solution – the Epital, that aims to increase patient’s understanding and management of their condition to improve their wellbeing. METHODS A total of 93 individuals with COPD were enrolled. At entry and after six and twelve months, heiQ, HLQ and SF-36 PROMs were collected....
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Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
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PeerJ, 2018
Impaired patient-reported shoulder function and pain, external-rotation strength, abduction stren... more Impaired patient-reported shoulder function and pain, external-rotation strength, abduction strength, and abduction range-of-motion (ROM) is reported in patients with subacromial impingement (SIS). However, it is unknown how much strength and ROM improves in real-life practice settings with current care. Furthermore, outcomes of treatment might depend on specific rehabilitation parameters, such as the time spent on exercises (exercise-time), number of physiotherapy sessions (physio-sessions) and number of corticosteroid injections, respectively. However, this has not previously been investigated. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in shoulder strength, ROM, patient-reported function and pain, in real-life practice settings, and explore the association between changes in clinical core outcomes and specific rehabilitation parameters. Patients diagnosed with SIS at initial assessment at an outpatient hospital clinic using predefined criteria's, who had not undergone ...
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The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2018
The high injury incidence during match-play in female adolescent football is a major concern. In ... more The high injury incidence during match-play in female adolescent football is a major concern. In football, males and females play matches with the same football size. No studies have investigated the effect of football size on injury incidence in female adolescent football. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of introducing a lighter, smaller football on the injury pattern in female adolescent football. We conducted a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial including 26 football teams representing 346 adolescent female football players (age 15-18 years). The teams were randomized to a new lighter, smaller football (INT, N.=12 teams) or a traditional FIFA size 5 football (CON, N.=14 teams) during a full match-season. Acute time-loss injuries and football-exposure during match-play were reported weekly by text-message questions and verified subsequently by telephone interview. In total, 46 acute time-loss injuries were registered (5 severe injuries), yi...
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Pediatric blood & cancer, Jan 9, 2018
The physical function of children with cancer is reduced during treatment, which can compromise t... more The physical function of children with cancer is reduced during treatment, which can compromise the quality of life and increase the risk of chronic medical conditions. The study, "REhabilitation, including Social and Physical activity and Education in Children and Teenagers with cancer" (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01772862) examines the efficacy of multimodal rehabilitation strategies introduced at cancer diagnosis. This article addresses the feasibility of and obstacles to testing physical function in children with cancer. The intervention group comprised 46 males and 29 females aged 6-18 years (mean ± SD: 11.3 ± 3.1 years) diagnosed with cancer from January 2013 to April 2016. Testing at diagnosis and after 3 months included timed-up-and-go, sit-to-stand, flamingo balance, handgrip strength, and the bicycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Of the 75 children, 92% completed a minimum of one test; two children declined testing and four were later included. Comp...
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PloS one, 2017
The objective of this study was to develop new scales measuring knowledge and attitude about UVR ... more The objective of this study was to develop new scales measuring knowledge and attitude about UVR and sun related behavior, and to examine their association to sun related behavior objectively measured by personal dosimetry. During May-August 2013, 664 Danes wore a personal electronic UV-dosimeter for one week that measured their UVR exposure. Afterwards, they answered a questionnaire on sun-related items. We applied descriptive analysis, linear and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the associations between the questionnaire scales and objective UVR measures. Perceiving protection as routine and important were positively correlated with protective behavior. Knowledge deficit of UV and risk of melanoma, perceived benefits and importance of protection behavior was also correlated with use of protection. 'Knowledge deficit of UV and risk of melanoma and Perceived barrier towards sun avoidance between 12 and 15' were both associated with increased risk of sunburn. Attitude...
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Cell metabolism, Jan 2, 2017
The liking and selective ingestion of palatable foods-including sweets-is biologically controlled... more The liking and selective ingestion of palatable foods-including sweets-is biologically controlled, and dysfunction of this regulation may promote unhealthy eating, obesity, and disease. The hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) reduces sweet consumption in rodents and primates, whereas knockout of Fgf21 increases sugar consumption in mice. To investigate the relevance of these findings in humans, we genotyped variants in the FGF21 locus in participants from the Danish Inter99 cohort (n = 6,514) and examined their relationship with a detailed range of food and ingestive behaviors. This revealed statistically significant associations between FGF21 rs838133 and increased consumption of candy, as well as nominal associations with increased alcohol intake and daily smoking. Moreover, in a separate clinical study, plasma FGF21 levels increased acutely after oral sucrose ingestion and were elevated in fasted sweet-disliking individuals. These data suggest the liver may secrete hor...
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Applied Psychological Measurement, 2016
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Integrative cancer therapies, Jan 3, 2016
Surgical resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be associated with sig... more Surgical resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be associated with significant morbidity, functional limitations, and decreased quality of life. The objective is to present health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes over time before and 1 year after surgery in patients with NSCLC participating in a rehabilitation program. Forty patients with NSCLC in disease stage I to IIIa, referred for surgical resection at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery RT, Rigshospitalet, were included in the study. The rehabilitation program comprised supervised group exercise program, 2 hours weekly for 12 weeks, combined with individual counseling. The study endpoints were self-reported HRQoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung, European Organization for Research and Treatment in Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire-QLQ-C30, Short-Form-36) and self-reported distress, anxiety, depression, and social support (National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Therm...
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Ugeskrift For Laeger, Sep 1, 2006
In the year 2000, 5357 employees were interviewed on physical work environment and various co-var... more In the year 2000, 5357 employees were interviewed on physical work environment and various co-variates. They were followed for 18 months in order to identify people receiving sickness benifits for eight weeks or more. 348 persons (7%) developed long-term sickness. 56% were women. Risk of long-term sickness absence was increased by extreme bending or twisting of the neck or back, working mainly standing or squatting, lifting or carrying loads, and pushing or pulling loads. Three significant interactions of physical and psychosocial work environment risk factors were found among women.
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Work, Feb 1, 2007
Aim: To compare levels of self-efficacy among the general working population and employees with s... more Aim: To compare levels of self-efficacy among the general working population and employees with sickness absence from work, and to examine if general self-efficacy measured before occurrence of sickness absence predicted subsequent onset of sickness absence and Return-to-Work. Methods: The study follows a cohort of 5357 working employees and 106 long-term sickness absent employees in Denmark. They were interviewed in 2000 regarding self-efficacy and various co-variates, and followed for 78 weeks in a national sickness absence register. Cox regression analysis was performed in order to assess the effect of self-efficacy on Return-to-Work after sickness absence. Results: General self-efficacy was significantly lower among those with sickness absence compared to the general working population. Self-efficacy showed no statistically significant association with later onset of sickness absence or with Return-to-Work. Conclusion: The results may suggest that lower self-efficacy among employees with sickness absence is a result of the sickness absence itself rather than a precursor of it. This indicates a need to investigate the potential change in self-efficacy in relation to the employee's change in labor market status; this will help to focus Return-to-Work interventions where planning has to be attentive towards the change in self-efficacy that can occur after onset of disease and sickness absence.
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Journal of Public Health, 2010
... Results from a 15-year follow-up study Thomas Lund & Merete Labriola & Helene... more ... Results from a 15-year follow-up study Thomas Lund & Merete Labriola & Helene Feveile & KarlBang Christensen ... However, a recent review of general risk factors for work disability found no T. Lund (*) .M. Labriola International Research Institute Stavanger (IRIS), Prof. ...
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Http Dx Doi Org 10 1081 Sta 120030150, Feb 15, 2007
This article presents a framework for the use of latent variables as outcomes in regression analy... more This article presents a framework for the use of latent variables as outcomes in regression analysis. Based on loglinear Rasch models where item parameters are known or estimated using conditional maximum likelihood a simple and fast estimation algorithm is proposed. ...
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Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2016
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of transurethral resection of bladder t... more Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) on patients' quality of life (QoL) and to validate a tool to quantify problems associated with TURBT in a Danish population. Materials and methods A prospective study was carried out using a combination of questionnaires and interviews. The study included 165 consecutive patients undergoing a TURBT owing to non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) from 1 May 2011 to 30 April 2012. Seven patients were selected for interviews. The Danish translation of the QLQ-NMIBC24 Quality of Life Questionnaire for NMIBC, from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), was used. The interviews were semi-structured. The reliability of the subscales quantifying QoL as defined by the EORTC was tested by computing Cronbach's coefficient alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. The interviews were analysed using the phenomenological method. Results The questionnaire was returned by 121 (77%) patients at a mean of 12 days after hospital discharge. Over half had substantial voiding problems and one-third had emotional concerns. These results were confirmed by the interviews. The mean ± SD score for urinary symptoms was 45.21 ± 23.9 and the mean score for the future worries subscale was 39.9 ± 29.9. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.84 for the urinary symptom subscale and 0.93 for the future worries subscale, which satisfied the reliability criterion for clinical use. Conclusions This first prospective study on QoL following TURBT in patients with NMIBC shows that TURBT has a significant impact on QoL. The Danish version of the EORTC questionnaire QLQ-NMIBC24 has been validated and confirmed in a Danish population.
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European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015
To investigate the activity profile of football training and its short-term effects on bone mass,... more To investigate the activity profile of football training and its short-term effects on bone mass, bone turnover markers (BTMs) and postural balance in men with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This was a randomised 12-week study in which men with PCa undergoing ADT were assigned to a football intervention group [FTG, n = 29, 67 ± 7 (±SD) years] training 2‒3 times per week for 45‒60 min or to a control group (n = 28, 66 ± 5 years). The activity profile was measured using a 5-Hz GPS. The outcomes were total body and leg bone mineral content (BMC) and density, BTMs and postural balance. In the last part of the 12 weeks, FTG performed 194 ± 41 accelerations and 296 ± 65 decelerations at >0.6 m/s/s and covered a distance of 905 ± 297 m at speeds >6 km/h and 2646 ± 705 m per training session. Analysis of baseline-to-12-week change scores showed between-group differences in favour of FTG in total body BMC [26.4 g, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 5.8-46.9 g, p = 0.013], leg BMC (13.8 g, 95 % CI: 7.0‒20.5 g, p < 0.001) and markers of bone formation: P1NP (36.6 µg/L, 95 % CI: 10.4‒62.8 µg/L, p = 0.008) and osteocalcin (8.6 µg/L, 95 % CI: 3.3‒13.8 µg/L, p < 0.01). The number of decelerations correlated to the increase in leg BMC (r = 0.65, p = 0.012). No between-group differences were observed for the remaining outcomes. Football training involves numerous runs, accelerations and decelerations, which may be linked to marked increases in bone formation markers and preserved bone mass in middle-aged and elderly men with PCa undergoing ADT. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01711892.
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Physiotherapy, 2015
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Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 2004
This article presents a framework for the use of latent variables as outcomes in regression analy... more This article presents a framework for the use of latent variables as outcomes in regression analysis. Based on loglinear Rasch models where item parameters are known or estimated using conditional maximum likelihood a simple and fast estimation algorithm is proposed. ...
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Journal of Voice
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Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
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PLOS ONE
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BACKGROUND Individuals diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) live with the ... more BACKGROUND Individuals diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) live with the burden of progressive life-threatening condition that is often accompanied by anxiety and depression. The severity of the condition is usually considered from a clinical perspective, and characterized according to the GOLD classification of severity that focuses on increasing symptoms and exacerbations (A through D) whereas information about perceived health or ability to manage the condition are rarely objectively included. OBJECTIVE To evaluate three patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) to understand how these can be used to report on individuals living with COPD supported by an innovative digitally assisted solution – the Epital, that aims to increase patient’s understanding and management of their condition to improve their wellbeing. METHODS A total of 93 individuals with COPD were enrolled. At entry and after six and twelve months, heiQ, HLQ and SF-36 PROMs were collected....
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Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
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PeerJ, 2018
Impaired patient-reported shoulder function and pain, external-rotation strength, abduction stren... more Impaired patient-reported shoulder function and pain, external-rotation strength, abduction strength, and abduction range-of-motion (ROM) is reported in patients with subacromial impingement (SIS). However, it is unknown how much strength and ROM improves in real-life practice settings with current care. Furthermore, outcomes of treatment might depend on specific rehabilitation parameters, such as the time spent on exercises (exercise-time), number of physiotherapy sessions (physio-sessions) and number of corticosteroid injections, respectively. However, this has not previously been investigated. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in shoulder strength, ROM, patient-reported function and pain, in real-life practice settings, and explore the association between changes in clinical core outcomes and specific rehabilitation parameters. Patients diagnosed with SIS at initial assessment at an outpatient hospital clinic using predefined criteria's, who had not undergone ...
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The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2018
The high injury incidence during match-play in female adolescent football is a major concern. In ... more The high injury incidence during match-play in female adolescent football is a major concern. In football, males and females play matches with the same football size. No studies have investigated the effect of football size on injury incidence in female adolescent football. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of introducing a lighter, smaller football on the injury pattern in female adolescent football. We conducted a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial including 26 football teams representing 346 adolescent female football players (age 15-18 years). The teams were randomized to a new lighter, smaller football (INT, N.=12 teams) or a traditional FIFA size 5 football (CON, N.=14 teams) during a full match-season. Acute time-loss injuries and football-exposure during match-play were reported weekly by text-message questions and verified subsequently by telephone interview. In total, 46 acute time-loss injuries were registered (5 severe injuries), yi...
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Pediatric blood & cancer, Jan 9, 2018
The physical function of children with cancer is reduced during treatment, which can compromise t... more The physical function of children with cancer is reduced during treatment, which can compromise the quality of life and increase the risk of chronic medical conditions. The study, "REhabilitation, including Social and Physical activity and Education in Children and Teenagers with cancer" (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01772862) examines the efficacy of multimodal rehabilitation strategies introduced at cancer diagnosis. This article addresses the feasibility of and obstacles to testing physical function in children with cancer. The intervention group comprised 46 males and 29 females aged 6-18 years (mean ± SD: 11.3 ± 3.1 years) diagnosed with cancer from January 2013 to April 2016. Testing at diagnosis and after 3 months included timed-up-and-go, sit-to-stand, flamingo balance, handgrip strength, and the bicycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Of the 75 children, 92% completed a minimum of one test; two children declined testing and four were later included. Comp...
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PloS one, 2017
The objective of this study was to develop new scales measuring knowledge and attitude about UVR ... more The objective of this study was to develop new scales measuring knowledge and attitude about UVR and sun related behavior, and to examine their association to sun related behavior objectively measured by personal dosimetry. During May-August 2013, 664 Danes wore a personal electronic UV-dosimeter for one week that measured their UVR exposure. Afterwards, they answered a questionnaire on sun-related items. We applied descriptive analysis, linear and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the associations between the questionnaire scales and objective UVR measures. Perceiving protection as routine and important were positively correlated with protective behavior. Knowledge deficit of UV and risk of melanoma, perceived benefits and importance of protection behavior was also correlated with use of protection. 'Knowledge deficit of UV and risk of melanoma and Perceived barrier towards sun avoidance between 12 and 15' were both associated with increased risk of sunburn. Attitude...
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Cell metabolism, Jan 2, 2017
The liking and selective ingestion of palatable foods-including sweets-is biologically controlled... more The liking and selective ingestion of palatable foods-including sweets-is biologically controlled, and dysfunction of this regulation may promote unhealthy eating, obesity, and disease. The hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) reduces sweet consumption in rodents and primates, whereas knockout of Fgf21 increases sugar consumption in mice. To investigate the relevance of these findings in humans, we genotyped variants in the FGF21 locus in participants from the Danish Inter99 cohort (n = 6,514) and examined their relationship with a detailed range of food and ingestive behaviors. This revealed statistically significant associations between FGF21 rs838133 and increased consumption of candy, as well as nominal associations with increased alcohol intake and daily smoking. Moreover, in a separate clinical study, plasma FGF21 levels increased acutely after oral sucrose ingestion and were elevated in fasted sweet-disliking individuals. These data suggest the liver may secrete hor...
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Applied Psychological Measurement, 2016
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Integrative cancer therapies, Jan 3, 2016
Surgical resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be associated with sig... more Surgical resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be associated with significant morbidity, functional limitations, and decreased quality of life. The objective is to present health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes over time before and 1 year after surgery in patients with NSCLC participating in a rehabilitation program. Forty patients with NSCLC in disease stage I to IIIa, referred for surgical resection at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery RT, Rigshospitalet, were included in the study. The rehabilitation program comprised supervised group exercise program, 2 hours weekly for 12 weeks, combined with individual counseling. The study endpoints were self-reported HRQoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung, European Organization for Research and Treatment in Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire-QLQ-C30, Short-Form-36) and self-reported distress, anxiety, depression, and social support (National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Therm...
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Ugeskrift For Laeger, Sep 1, 2006
In the year 2000, 5357 employees were interviewed on physical work environment and various co-var... more In the year 2000, 5357 employees were interviewed on physical work environment and various co-variates. They were followed for 18 months in order to identify people receiving sickness benifits for eight weeks or more. 348 persons (7%) developed long-term sickness. 56% were women. Risk of long-term sickness absence was increased by extreme bending or twisting of the neck or back, working mainly standing or squatting, lifting or carrying loads, and pushing or pulling loads. Three significant interactions of physical and psychosocial work environment risk factors were found among women.
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Work, Feb 1, 2007
Aim: To compare levels of self-efficacy among the general working population and employees with s... more Aim: To compare levels of self-efficacy among the general working population and employees with sickness absence from work, and to examine if general self-efficacy measured before occurrence of sickness absence predicted subsequent onset of sickness absence and Return-to-Work. Methods: The study follows a cohort of 5357 working employees and 106 long-term sickness absent employees in Denmark. They were interviewed in 2000 regarding self-efficacy and various co-variates, and followed for 78 weeks in a national sickness absence register. Cox regression analysis was performed in order to assess the effect of self-efficacy on Return-to-Work after sickness absence. Results: General self-efficacy was significantly lower among those with sickness absence compared to the general working population. Self-efficacy showed no statistically significant association with later onset of sickness absence or with Return-to-Work. Conclusion: The results may suggest that lower self-efficacy among employees with sickness absence is a result of the sickness absence itself rather than a precursor of it. This indicates a need to investigate the potential change in self-efficacy in relation to the employee's change in labor market status; this will help to focus Return-to-Work interventions where planning has to be attentive towards the change in self-efficacy that can occur after onset of disease and sickness absence.
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Journal of Public Health, 2010
... Results from a 15-year follow-up study Thomas Lund & Merete Labriola & Helene... more ... Results from a 15-year follow-up study Thomas Lund & Merete Labriola & Helene Feveile & KarlBang Christensen ... However, a recent review of general risk factors for work disability found no T. Lund (*) .M. Labriola International Research Institute Stavanger (IRIS), Prof. ...
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Http Dx Doi Org 10 1081 Sta 120030150, Feb 15, 2007
This article presents a framework for the use of latent variables as outcomes in regression analy... more This article presents a framework for the use of latent variables as outcomes in regression analysis. Based on loglinear Rasch models where item parameters are known or estimated using conditional maximum likelihood a simple and fast estimation algorithm is proposed. ...
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Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2016
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of transurethral resection of bladder t... more Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) on patients' quality of life (QoL) and to validate a tool to quantify problems associated with TURBT in a Danish population. Materials and methods A prospective study was carried out using a combination of questionnaires and interviews. The study included 165 consecutive patients undergoing a TURBT owing to non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) from 1 May 2011 to 30 April 2012. Seven patients were selected for interviews. The Danish translation of the QLQ-NMIBC24 Quality of Life Questionnaire for NMIBC, from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), was used. The interviews were semi-structured. The reliability of the subscales quantifying QoL as defined by the EORTC was tested by computing Cronbach's coefficient alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. The interviews were analysed using the phenomenological method. Results The questionnaire was returned by 121 (77%) patients at a mean of 12 days after hospital discharge. Over half had substantial voiding problems and one-third had emotional concerns. These results were confirmed by the interviews. The mean ± SD score for urinary symptoms was 45.21 ± 23.9 and the mean score for the future worries subscale was 39.9 ± 29.9. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.84 for the urinary symptom subscale and 0.93 for the future worries subscale, which satisfied the reliability criterion for clinical use. Conclusions This first prospective study on QoL following TURBT in patients with NMIBC shows that TURBT has a significant impact on QoL. The Danish version of the EORTC questionnaire QLQ-NMIBC24 has been validated and confirmed in a Danish population.
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European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015
To investigate the activity profile of football training and its short-term effects on bone mass,... more To investigate the activity profile of football training and its short-term effects on bone mass, bone turnover markers (BTMs) and postural balance in men with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This was a randomised 12-week study in which men with PCa undergoing ADT were assigned to a football intervention group [FTG, n = 29, 67 ± 7 (±SD) years] training 2‒3 times per week for 45‒60 min or to a control group (n = 28, 66 ± 5 years). The activity profile was measured using a 5-Hz GPS. The outcomes were total body and leg bone mineral content (BMC) and density, BTMs and postural balance. In the last part of the 12 weeks, FTG performed 194 ± 41 accelerations and 296 ± 65 decelerations at >0.6 m/s/s and covered a distance of 905 ± 297 m at speeds >6 km/h and 2646 ± 705 m per training session. Analysis of baseline-to-12-week change scores showed between-group differences in favour of FTG in total body BMC [26.4 g, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 5.8-46.9 g, p = 0.013], leg BMC (13.8 g, 95 % CI: 7.0‒20.5 g, p < 0.001) and markers of bone formation: P1NP (36.6 µg/L, 95 % CI: 10.4‒62.8 µg/L, p = 0.008) and osteocalcin (8.6 µg/L, 95 % CI: 3.3‒13.8 µg/L, p < 0.01). The number of decelerations correlated to the increase in leg BMC (r = 0.65, p = 0.012). No between-group differences were observed for the remaining outcomes. Football training involves numerous runs, accelerations and decelerations, which may be linked to marked increases in bone formation markers and preserved bone mass in middle-aged and elderly men with PCa undergoing ADT. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01711892.
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Physiotherapy, 2015
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