Karin Hannes | KU Leuven (original) (raw)

Papers by Karin Hannes

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability of Wives of Nepalese Labor Migrants to HIV Infection: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence

HIV risk is determined by the interaction between social and individual risk factors, but informa... more HIV risk is determined by the interaction between social and individual risk factors, but information about these risk factors among Nepalese women is not yet understood. Therefore, to assess the risk factors and vulnerability of the wives of Nepalese labor migrants to HIV infection, we conducted a mixed-methods study in which a descriptive case study was embedded within a case-control study. A total of 224 wives of labor migrants were interviewed in the case-control study and two focus group discussions were conducted in the descriptive case study. We found that illiteracy, low socio-economic status and gender inequality contributed to poor knowledge and poor sexual negotiation among the wives of labor migrants and increased their risk of HIV through unprotected sex. Among male labor migrants, illiteracy, low socio-economic status, migration to India before marriage and alcohol consumption contributed to liaise with female sex workers and increased the risk of HIV in their wives through unprotected sex. Both labor migrants and their wives feared disclosure of positive HIV status due to HIV stigma and thus were less likely to be tested for HIV. HIV prevention programs should consider the interaction among these risk factors when targeting labor migrants and their wives.

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability of wives of Nepalese labor migrants to HIV infection: a socio-epidemiological study ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH

The vulnerability paradigm accounts for women's susceptibility to HIV infection being a consequen... more The vulnerability paradigm accounts for women's susceptibility to HIV infection being a consequence of socioeconomic and cultural factors, and there is a strong need for socio-epidemiological analysis to understand and address vulnerability of Nepalese women to HIV infection. Therefore, to assess the risk factors and vulnerability of the wives of Nepalese labor migrants to HIV infection, we conducted a mixed-methods study in which a descriptive case study was embedded within a case-control study. A total of 224 wives of labor migrants were interviewed in the case-control study and two focus group discussions were conducted in the descriptive case study. Data was analyzed using hierarchical conditional logistic regression analysis in the case-control study and thematic analysis in the descriptive case study. We found that illiteracy, low socioeconomic status and gender inequality contributed to poor knowledge and poor sexual negotiation among the wives of labor migrants and increased their risk of HIV through unprotected sex. Among male labor migrants, illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, migration to India before marriage and alcohol consumption contributed to visit female sex workers and increased the risk of HIV in their wives through unprotected sex. Both labor migrants and their wives feared disclosure of positive HIV status due to HIV stigma and thus were less likely to be tested for HIV. Interventions targeting the general population, such as access to basic education, income generation and mass awareness, and interventions targeting specific subpopu-lations, such as gender-related training and involving men in HIV-related programs, should be combined to reduce vulnerability of Nepalese women to HIV infection.

Research paper thumbnail of The use of purposeful sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis: A worked example on sexual adjustment to a cancer trajectory

BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2016

An increasing number of qualitative evidence syntheses papers are found in health care literature... more An increasing number of qualitative evidence syntheses papers are found in health care literature. Many of these syntheses use a strictly exhaustive search strategy to collect articles, mirroring the standard template developed by major review organizations such as the Cochrane and Campbell Collaboration. The hegemonic idea behind it is that non-comprehensive samples in systematic reviews may introduce selection bias. However, exhaustive sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis has been questioned, and a more purposeful way of sampling papers has been proposed as an alternative, although there is a lack of transparency on how these purposeful sampling strategies might be applied to a qualitative evidence synthesis. We discuss in our paper why and how we used purposeful sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis about 'sexual adjustment to a cancer trajectory', by giving a worked example. We have chosen a mixed purposeful sampling, combining three different strategies that we considered the most consistent with our research purpose: intensity sampling, maximum variation sampling and confirming/disconfirming case sampling. The concept of purposeful sampling on the meta-level could not readily been borrowed from the logic applied in basic research projects. It also demands a considerable amount of flexibility, and is labour-intensive, which goes against the argument of many authors that using purposeful sampling provides a pragmatic solution or a short cut for researchers, compared with exhaustive sampling. Opportunities of purposeful sampling were the possible inclusion of new perspectives to the line-of-argument and the enhancement of the theoretical diversity of the papers being included, which could make the results more conceptually aligned with the synthesis purpose. This paper helps researchers to make decisions related to purposeful sampling in a more systematic and transparent way. Future research could confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis of conceptual enhancement by comparing the findings of a purposefully sampled qualitative evidence synthesis with those drawing on an exhaustive sample of the literature.

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability of wives of Nepalese labor migrants to HIV infection: a socio-epidemiological study

Archives of Public Health, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Development, inter-rater reliability and feasibility of a checklist to assess implementation (Ch-IMP) in systematic reviews: the case of provider-based prevention and treatment programs targeting children and youth

BMC medical research methodology, 2015

Several papers report deficiencies in the reporting of information about the implementation of in... more Several papers report deficiencies in the reporting of information about the implementation of interventions in clinical trials. Information about implementation is also required in systematic reviews of complex interventions to facilitate the translation and uptake of evidence of provider-based prevention and treatment programs. To capture whether and how implementation is assessed within systematic effectiveness reviews, we developed a checklist for implementation (Ch-IMP) and piloted it in a cohort of reviews on provider-based prevention and treatment interventions for children and young people. This paper reports on the inter-rater reliability, feasibility and reasons for discrepant ratings. Checklist domains were informed by a framework for program theory; items within domains were generated from a literature review. The checklist was pilot-tested on a cohort of 27 effectiveness reviews targeting children and youth. Two raters independently extracted information on 47 items. In...

Research paper thumbnail of Interventions to increase the use of electronic health information by healthcare practitioners to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Jan 14, 2015

There is a large volume of health information available, and, if applied in clinical practice, ma... more There is a large volume of health information available, and, if applied in clinical practice, may contribute to effective patient care. Despite an abundance of information, sub-optimal care is common. Many factors influence practitioners' use of health information, and format (electronic or other) may be one such factor. To assess the effects of interventions aimed at improving or increasing healthcare practitioners' use of electronic health information (EHI) on professional practice and patient outcomes. We searched The Cochrane Library (Wiley), MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and LISA (EBSCO) up to November 2013. We contacted researchers in the field and scanned reference lists of relevant articles. We included studies that evaluated the effects of interventions to improve or increase the use of EHI by healthcare practitioners on professional practice and patient outcomes. We defined EHI as information accessed on a computer. We defined 'use' as log...

Research paper thumbnail of More than a mentor: The role of social connectedness in early career and experienced teachers' intention to leave

The number of early career teachers leaving the profession continues to be an ongoing issue acros... more The number of early career teachers leaving the profession continues to be an ongoing issue across the globe. This pressing concern has resulted in increased attention to the instructional and psychological conditions necessary to retain early career educators. However, less formal attention has been paid to the social infrastructure in which early career teachers find themselves. The purpose of this paper is to foreground the role of social capital and its effect on job attitudes and educators’ intention to leave the profession. Data were collected from 736 teachers within ten secondary schools in Flanders (Belgium). Using social network and multilevel moderated mediation analysis techniques, the relationships between teachers’ social connectedness, job attitudes, and the intention to leave the profession for both novice and experienced teachers were analyzed. Findings indicate that being socially connected to other educators within the school is associated with a reduction in teachers’ intention to leave the profession, mediated by their job attitudes, for both early career and experienced teachers. However, social connectedness was significantly more important for early career teachers. No significant effects are found for being socially connected to the mentor. This study provides evidence for the importance of social capital for teachers, particularly early career educators. Moreover, by introducing teachers’ social connectedness as related to intention to leave, this study makes a significant and unique contribution to the literature.

Research paper thumbnail of Online on-the-spot: connecting the general practitioner, the patient and the evidence through an evidence-based internet approach in medical consultation

Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 5: Extracting qualitative evidence

Research paper thumbnail of Science in progress: filling in the blanks with systematic reviews

Research paper thumbnail of Adapting best practice guidelines for the prevention, screening and treatment of substance misuse in adolescents to a local Belgian context

Research paper thumbnail of Systematically reviewing existing guidelines on the prevention, screening, detection and treatment of adolescents who misuse alcohol and drugs: lack of evidence or lack of quality or reporting issues?

Research paper thumbnail of Diversiteit in de diabeteszorgprogramma’s: Nood aan een gestandaardiseerd raamwerk?

Research paper thumbnail of A systematic review of appraisal tools for clinical practice guidelines: multiple similarities and one common deficit

International Journal for …, 2005

Objective. To identify a critical appraisal tool for clinical practice guidelines that could serv... more Objective. To identify a critical appraisal tool for clinical practice guidelines that could serve as a basis for the development of an appraisal tool for clinical pathways.

Research paper thumbnail of Guide de bonne pratique pour la prévention de l'abus d'alcool et de drogues chez les adolescents (Révision de la version finale)

Research paper thumbnail of Guide de bonne pratique Dépistage, évaluation et traitement de l’abus d’alcool chez les jeunes (Révision de la version finale)

Research paper thumbnail of Richtlijn voor de preventie van alcohol en drug misbruik bij adolescenten (herziening van de finale versie)

Research paper thumbnail of Richtlijn Screening, assessment en behandeling van jongeren met

Research paper thumbnail of Implementing evidence-based medicine in general practice: a focus group based study

BMC Family Practice, 2005

Background: Over the past years concerns are rising about the use of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM... more Background: Over the past years concerns are rising about the use of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in health care. The calls for an increase in the practice of EBM, seem to be obstructed by many barriers preventing the implementation of evidence-based thinking and acting in general practice. This study aims to explore the barriers of Flemish GPs (General Practitioners) to the implementation of EBM in routine clinical work and to identify possible strategies for integrating EBM in daily work.

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary guidance for inclusion of qualitative research in Cochrane systematic reviews of interventions

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability of Wives of Nepalese Labor Migrants to HIV Infection: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence

HIV risk is determined by the interaction between social and individual risk factors, but informa... more HIV risk is determined by the interaction between social and individual risk factors, but information about these risk factors among Nepalese women is not yet understood. Therefore, to assess the risk factors and vulnerability of the wives of Nepalese labor migrants to HIV infection, we conducted a mixed-methods study in which a descriptive case study was embedded within a case-control study. A total of 224 wives of labor migrants were interviewed in the case-control study and two focus group discussions were conducted in the descriptive case study. We found that illiteracy, low socio-economic status and gender inequality contributed to poor knowledge and poor sexual negotiation among the wives of labor migrants and increased their risk of HIV through unprotected sex. Among male labor migrants, illiteracy, low socio-economic status, migration to India before marriage and alcohol consumption contributed to liaise with female sex workers and increased the risk of HIV in their wives through unprotected sex. Both labor migrants and their wives feared disclosure of positive HIV status due to HIV stigma and thus were less likely to be tested for HIV. HIV prevention programs should consider the interaction among these risk factors when targeting labor migrants and their wives.

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability of wives of Nepalese labor migrants to HIV infection: a socio-epidemiological study ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH

The vulnerability paradigm accounts for women's susceptibility to HIV infection being a consequen... more The vulnerability paradigm accounts for women's susceptibility to HIV infection being a consequence of socioeconomic and cultural factors, and there is a strong need for socio-epidemiological analysis to understand and address vulnerability of Nepalese women to HIV infection. Therefore, to assess the risk factors and vulnerability of the wives of Nepalese labor migrants to HIV infection, we conducted a mixed-methods study in which a descriptive case study was embedded within a case-control study. A total of 224 wives of labor migrants were interviewed in the case-control study and two focus group discussions were conducted in the descriptive case study. Data was analyzed using hierarchical conditional logistic regression analysis in the case-control study and thematic analysis in the descriptive case study. We found that illiteracy, low socioeconomic status and gender inequality contributed to poor knowledge and poor sexual negotiation among the wives of labor migrants and increased their risk of HIV through unprotected sex. Among male labor migrants, illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, migration to India before marriage and alcohol consumption contributed to visit female sex workers and increased the risk of HIV in their wives through unprotected sex. Both labor migrants and their wives feared disclosure of positive HIV status due to HIV stigma and thus were less likely to be tested for HIV. Interventions targeting the general population, such as access to basic education, income generation and mass awareness, and interventions targeting specific subpopu-lations, such as gender-related training and involving men in HIV-related programs, should be combined to reduce vulnerability of Nepalese women to HIV infection.

Research paper thumbnail of The use of purposeful sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis: A worked example on sexual adjustment to a cancer trajectory

BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2016

An increasing number of qualitative evidence syntheses papers are found in health care literature... more An increasing number of qualitative evidence syntheses papers are found in health care literature. Many of these syntheses use a strictly exhaustive search strategy to collect articles, mirroring the standard template developed by major review organizations such as the Cochrane and Campbell Collaboration. The hegemonic idea behind it is that non-comprehensive samples in systematic reviews may introduce selection bias. However, exhaustive sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis has been questioned, and a more purposeful way of sampling papers has been proposed as an alternative, although there is a lack of transparency on how these purposeful sampling strategies might be applied to a qualitative evidence synthesis. We discuss in our paper why and how we used purposeful sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis about 'sexual adjustment to a cancer trajectory', by giving a worked example. We have chosen a mixed purposeful sampling, combining three different strategies that we considered the most consistent with our research purpose: intensity sampling, maximum variation sampling and confirming/disconfirming case sampling. The concept of purposeful sampling on the meta-level could not readily been borrowed from the logic applied in basic research projects. It also demands a considerable amount of flexibility, and is labour-intensive, which goes against the argument of many authors that using purposeful sampling provides a pragmatic solution or a short cut for researchers, compared with exhaustive sampling. Opportunities of purposeful sampling were the possible inclusion of new perspectives to the line-of-argument and the enhancement of the theoretical diversity of the papers being included, which could make the results more conceptually aligned with the synthesis purpose. This paper helps researchers to make decisions related to purposeful sampling in a more systematic and transparent way. Future research could confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis of conceptual enhancement by comparing the findings of a purposefully sampled qualitative evidence synthesis with those drawing on an exhaustive sample of the literature.

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability of wives of Nepalese labor migrants to HIV infection: a socio-epidemiological study

Archives of Public Health, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Development, inter-rater reliability and feasibility of a checklist to assess implementation (Ch-IMP) in systematic reviews: the case of provider-based prevention and treatment programs targeting children and youth

BMC medical research methodology, 2015

Several papers report deficiencies in the reporting of information about the implementation of in... more Several papers report deficiencies in the reporting of information about the implementation of interventions in clinical trials. Information about implementation is also required in systematic reviews of complex interventions to facilitate the translation and uptake of evidence of provider-based prevention and treatment programs. To capture whether and how implementation is assessed within systematic effectiveness reviews, we developed a checklist for implementation (Ch-IMP) and piloted it in a cohort of reviews on provider-based prevention and treatment interventions for children and young people. This paper reports on the inter-rater reliability, feasibility and reasons for discrepant ratings. Checklist domains were informed by a framework for program theory; items within domains were generated from a literature review. The checklist was pilot-tested on a cohort of 27 effectiveness reviews targeting children and youth. Two raters independently extracted information on 47 items. In...

Research paper thumbnail of Interventions to increase the use of electronic health information by healthcare practitioners to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Jan 14, 2015

There is a large volume of health information available, and, if applied in clinical practice, ma... more There is a large volume of health information available, and, if applied in clinical practice, may contribute to effective patient care. Despite an abundance of information, sub-optimal care is common. Many factors influence practitioners' use of health information, and format (electronic or other) may be one such factor. To assess the effects of interventions aimed at improving or increasing healthcare practitioners' use of electronic health information (EHI) on professional practice and patient outcomes. We searched The Cochrane Library (Wiley), MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and LISA (EBSCO) up to November 2013. We contacted researchers in the field and scanned reference lists of relevant articles. We included studies that evaluated the effects of interventions to improve or increase the use of EHI by healthcare practitioners on professional practice and patient outcomes. We defined EHI as information accessed on a computer. We defined 'use' as log...

Research paper thumbnail of More than a mentor: The role of social connectedness in early career and experienced teachers' intention to leave

The number of early career teachers leaving the profession continues to be an ongoing issue acros... more The number of early career teachers leaving the profession continues to be an ongoing issue across the globe. This pressing concern has resulted in increased attention to the instructional and psychological conditions necessary to retain early career educators. However, less formal attention has been paid to the social infrastructure in which early career teachers find themselves. The purpose of this paper is to foreground the role of social capital and its effect on job attitudes and educators’ intention to leave the profession. Data were collected from 736 teachers within ten secondary schools in Flanders (Belgium). Using social network and multilevel moderated mediation analysis techniques, the relationships between teachers’ social connectedness, job attitudes, and the intention to leave the profession for both novice and experienced teachers were analyzed. Findings indicate that being socially connected to other educators within the school is associated with a reduction in teachers’ intention to leave the profession, mediated by their job attitudes, for both early career and experienced teachers. However, social connectedness was significantly more important for early career teachers. No significant effects are found for being socially connected to the mentor. This study provides evidence for the importance of social capital for teachers, particularly early career educators. Moreover, by introducing teachers’ social connectedness as related to intention to leave, this study makes a significant and unique contribution to the literature.

Research paper thumbnail of Online on-the-spot: connecting the general practitioner, the patient and the evidence through an evidence-based internet approach in medical consultation

Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 5: Extracting qualitative evidence

Research paper thumbnail of Science in progress: filling in the blanks with systematic reviews

Research paper thumbnail of Adapting best practice guidelines for the prevention, screening and treatment of substance misuse in adolescents to a local Belgian context

Research paper thumbnail of Systematically reviewing existing guidelines on the prevention, screening, detection and treatment of adolescents who misuse alcohol and drugs: lack of evidence or lack of quality or reporting issues?

Research paper thumbnail of Diversiteit in de diabeteszorgprogramma’s: Nood aan een gestandaardiseerd raamwerk?

Research paper thumbnail of A systematic review of appraisal tools for clinical practice guidelines: multiple similarities and one common deficit

International Journal for …, 2005

Objective. To identify a critical appraisal tool for clinical practice guidelines that could serv... more Objective. To identify a critical appraisal tool for clinical practice guidelines that could serve as a basis for the development of an appraisal tool for clinical pathways.

Research paper thumbnail of Guide de bonne pratique pour la prévention de l'abus d'alcool et de drogues chez les adolescents (Révision de la version finale)

Research paper thumbnail of Guide de bonne pratique Dépistage, évaluation et traitement de l’abus d’alcool chez les jeunes (Révision de la version finale)

Research paper thumbnail of Richtlijn voor de preventie van alcohol en drug misbruik bij adolescenten (herziening van de finale versie)

Research paper thumbnail of Richtlijn Screening, assessment en behandeling van jongeren met

Research paper thumbnail of Implementing evidence-based medicine in general practice: a focus group based study

BMC Family Practice, 2005

Background: Over the past years concerns are rising about the use of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM... more Background: Over the past years concerns are rising about the use of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in health care. The calls for an increase in the practice of EBM, seem to be obstructed by many barriers preventing the implementation of evidence-based thinking and acting in general practice. This study aims to explore the barriers of Flemish GPs (General Practitioners) to the implementation of EBM in routine clinical work and to identify possible strategies for integrating EBM in daily work.

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary guidance for inclusion of qualitative research in Cochrane systematic reviews of interventions