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Papers by Renaat Declerck

Taylor & Francis eBooks, Feb 16, 2010

De Gruyter eBooks, Dec 31, 1988

De Gruyter eBooks, Aug 21, 2006

English linguistics, 1996

De Gruyter eBooks, Jun 16, 2009

... INTRODUCTION 5 DR-RAT Terence Rattigan, A Bequest to the Nation DR-ROSS Kenneth Ross, Mr Kilt... more ... INTRODUCTION 5 DR-RAT Terence Rattigan, A Bequest to the Nation DR-ROSS Kenneth Ross, Mr Kilt and the Great I am DR ... WHIT EAWhitehead, The Foursome Examples from personal reading bear the following labels, followed by the page number: ADIMV Ruth Rendell, A ...

Taylor & Francis eBooks, Feb 16, 2010

Journal of Linguistics, Mar 1, 1978

Folia Linguistica, 1987

... Source / Source. 1987, vol. 21, n o 2-4, pp. 143-153 (1/4 p.) Langue / Language. Anglais Edit... more ... Source / Source. 1987, vol. 21, n o 2-4, pp. 143-153 (1/4 p.) Langue / Language. Anglais Editeur / Publisher. PAYS-BAS (Revue) Mots-clés français / French Keywords. Générique. ; Phrase générique. ; Syntagme nominal. ; Objet grammatical. ; Sémantique. ; Pragmatique. ; ...

Lingua, Jul 1, 1984

This article deals with possible exceptions to the handbook rule that nonvolitional (i.e. nonmoda... more This article deals with possible exceptions to the handbook rule that nonvolitional (i.e. nonmodal) will and hypothetical would cannot be used in conditional clauses. Nine different kinds of exceptions are identified and an explanation is provided of the fact that will/would may be used in such structures.

Cognitive Linguistics, 1994

The starting-point of this article is the puzzling fact that only (at) five o'clock is inierp... more The starting-point of this article is the puzzling fact that only (at) five o'clock is inierpreted äs 'äs early äs five o'clock' in It's only five o'clock and äs 'äs late asßve o'clock' in We were only back at five o'clock. (There is a similar paradox when already is used) The ariicle offers a solution ihe puzzle and explores some theoretical consequences. One of the main points argued is that sentences with only/already are interpreted in terms of a model involving t wo scales and that there is a System in the way constituents are associated with either ofthese. This leads to interesting conclusions in connection with scalar Interpretation and clarifies potentially confusing concepts such äs the notion of'scale reversal".

De Gruyter eBooks, Dec 31, 2001

Chapter 5: The use of tenses in possible-world conditionals in the Q-clause 5.6.6. Past counterpa... more Chapter 5: The use of tenses in possible-world conditionals in the Q-clause 5.6.6. Past counterpart of the Present Perspective System in the P-clause 5.6.7. Past counterpart of the Future Perspective System in the P-clause 5.6.8. Tentative P-clauses combining with a factual Q-clause 5.6.9. Pattern 1 conditionals with a tentative-P meaning 5.7. The use of tenses in counterfactual-P conditionals 5.7.1. Introduction 5.7.2. Time reference in counterfactual pattern 3 conditionals 5.7.3. Time reference in counterfactual pattern 2 conditionals 5.7.4. Mixing verb forms from pattern 2 and pattern 3 in order to express anteriority 5.7.5. Possible tense combinations in counterfactual-P conditionals 5.7.

De Gruyter eBooks, Dec 31, 2001

Taylor & Francis eBooks, Feb 16, 2010

De Gruyter eBooks, Dec 31, 1988

De Gruyter eBooks, Aug 21, 2006

English linguistics, 1996

De Gruyter eBooks, Jun 16, 2009

Taylor & Francis eBooks, Feb 16, 2010

Journal of Linguistics, Mar 1, 1978

Folia Linguistica, 1987

Lingua, Jul 1, 1984

Cognitive Linguistics, 1994

De Gruyter eBooks, Dec 31, 2001

Tense in English: its structure and use in discourse., 2015

Preface viii List of abbreviations x 1 Introduction 1 Aim and scope o f the work 1 2 Some theoret... more Preface viii List of abbreviations x 1 Introduction 1 Aim and scope o f the work 1 2 Some theoretical and methodological preliminaries 2 Tense in discourse 1: general principles 1 Situation 2 Temporal zero-point (tQ) 3 The two time-spheres 4 Time of orientation (TO) 5 Sectors 6 Present sector, pre-present, post-present 7 Absolute sectors 8 Temporal domain 9 Binding TO 10 Central TO 21 11 Ancillary TO 21 12 Shift of temporal domain 21 13 Shift of temporal perspective 14 Temporal subordination 15 The expression of domain-internal relations 15.1 The relations in a past time-sphere domain 15.2 The relations in a pre-present sector domain 15.3 The present sector 15.4 Relations in the post-present sector 16 Sloppy simultaneity 17 Alternatives to temporal subordination 17.1 Shifting the domain 17.2 Establishing a simultaneous domain 17.3 Re-establishing the domain 18 Different ways of establishing a domain 59 vi Contents 19 Direct and indirect binding 62 20 Shift o f temporal perspective 66 21 Temporal perspective and modality 76 21.1 Remoteness from reality, i.e. nonfactuality 77 21.2 Tentativeness 78 22 Temporal focus 80 23 Point o f view 89 24 Implicit TO 92 25 Adverbial time clauses 97 25.1 JT/jen-clauses 98 25.2 Before-clauses 101 25.3 After-clauses 107 26 Conclusion 113 3 Tense in discourse 2: restrictions and possibilities References 397 Index 416 FPS Future Perspective System MidS middle of the situation N P noun phrase PPS Present Perspective System RST Represented Speech and Thought SoT Sequence of Tenses SS situation span TE established time to temporal zero-point TO time of orientation TOE time which is both TE and TO TOs;t situation-TO TS time of the situation TU time of utterance VP verb phrase 1. Schulze (1985) offers a bibliography which is twenty-five pages long in spite o f the fact that it covers only a period o f (roughly) ten years and does not aim at being complete. 1.2 A second illustration concerns sentences like the following: (2) (a) I am hungry. (b) London lies on the Thames. 2. The fact that all o f the claims that are presented below are widespread is one o f the reasons that I will abstain from adding references to them. The other reason is that all these claims will be discussed at greater length at different places in the book and that all necessary references will be given there. used as statements and cannot, therefore, be assigned a truth value.)7 Clauses whose verb form is in the subjunctive mood are also untensed (see Heny 1982:112). Like nonfinite forms, subjunctive forms merely express a single temporal relation. Thus, the 'present subjunctive' just expresses simultaneity. For this reason it can be used after any tense (see Er-Rayyan 1986:72): (6) Bill suggests/suggested/will suggest/had suggested/would suggest that we leave. It should be noted that the term 'tense' is not always defined so restrictively as is done in Lyons (1977) and here. For example, Comrie (1985) also treats tense as a deictic category (p. 14), but (in spite of the fact that he refers to Lyons' treatm ent of deixis in a footnote) he accepts a much broader definition of deixis: according to him, a verb form is deictic if it relates a situation to a reference point, even if this referent point is not the speech tim e.8 Comrie therefore uses the term 'relative tenses' to refer to nonfinite verb forms that have 'relative time reference, i.e. time reference relative to a deictic centre other than the present m om ent' (p. 16), as in Those sitting on the benches were forced to move. In this book the term 'relative tense' will be defined differently. As far as I can see, the issue is largely a terminological one. However, it is important to see the precise meaning that is going to be ascribed to the term 'tense'. 2.2 The linguistic literature reveals a total lack of consensus as to the question of how many tenses there are in English. A great many linguists hold that we can speak of different tenses only if we have to do with morphologically differentiated verb forms. This leads to the conclusion that there are only two tenses in English: the past tense and the present (or 'nonpast') tense.9 In this theory, such verb forms involving different auxiliaries as will do, has done, will have done all belong to the same (in this case: present) tense. However, other linguists hold that tenses may be 7. It should be clear from these remarks that we cannot subscribe to M cCawley's (1973) claim that have in English is always the realization o f past tense. Our position is that have means no more than anteriority. (As noted by Lyons (1977:89), anteriority is not a deictic notion and should therefore be distinguished from 'past'.) In tenseless constructions (e.g. infinitives, gerunds, participles) have just expresses this temporal relation; when used as a finite form (i.e. in one o f the perfect tenses) the anteriority relation in question is part o f a temporal schema that ultimately relates the time o f the situation to the coding time. For example, in the past perfect tense had expresses a relation o f anteriority between the time o f the situation and some other time, which is itself 'past' with respect to the coding time. 8. In his review article on Comrie (1985), Dahl (1987:491) also draws attention to this difference between Lyons' definition o f deixis and Comrie's.

Kaitakusha (Tokyo), 1991

This is a preliminary version. Its page numbers are different from those in the published book.