Borhan Mansouri | Kermanshah University Of Medical Science (original) (raw)

Papers by Borhan Mansouri

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016

The aim of this research was to investigate the coexposure of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (... more The aim of this research was to investigate the coexposure of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and copper oxide (CuO) on the alterations of the gill, intestine, kidney, and liver tissues of carps (Cyprinus carpio). In this study, carps (length 23 ± 1.5 cm; weight 13 ± 1.3 g) were divided into six groups of 15 each and exposed to 2.5 and 5.0 mg L(-1) of CuO nanoparticles (NPs), 10.0 mg L(-1) of TiO2 NPs, and 2.5 and 5.0 mg L(-1) of CuO NPs + 10.0 mg L(-1) of TiO2 NP mixture. Fish were sampled for histopathological studies after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results indicated that the more kinds of histopathology anomalies observed with CuO NP and TiO2 NP mixture were broadly of the same type as CuO NPs and TiO2 NPs alone, but the severity or incidence of injuries of gill, intestine, liver, and kidney of carps in the mixture of CuO NPs + TiO2 NPs was higher than that of each NP alone. Moreover, behavioral changes in carps exposed to CuO NP and TiO2 NP mixture such as hyperactivity, loss of balance, and convulsions were higher than those to CuO NPs and TiO2 NPs alone. In conclusion, the presence of TiO2 NPs enhanced the effects of NPs of copper oxide in terms of histopathological changes in carps.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), such as TiO2 and CuO, are widely applied in an increasing number... more Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), such as TiO2 and CuO, are widely applied in an increasing number of products and applications, and therefore their release to the aquatic ecosystems is unavoidable. However, little is known about joint toxicity of different NPs on tissues of aquatic organisms, such as fish. This study was conducted to assess the uptake and depuration of Cu following exposure to CuO NPs in the presence of TiO2 NPs in the liver, intestine, muscle, and gill of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Carps with a mean total length of 23 ± 1.5 cm and mean weight of 13 ± 1.3 g were divided into 6 groups of 15 each (1 control group) and exposed to TiO2 NPs, CuO NPs, and a mixture of TiO2 and CuO NPs for periods of 20 days for uptake and 10 days for depuration. The determination of total Cu concentration was carried out by an ICP-OES. The order of Cu uptake in different tissues of the carps was liver > gill > muscle > intestine in both levels of CuO NPs alone; results showed that the total Cu concentrations in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles were increased and were in the sequence of liver > gill > intestine > muscle. In depuration period, Cu concentrations were decreased in all treatments in the sequence of gill > intestine > muscle > liver. Uptake of Cu in different tissues of common carp increased with increasing concentration and time and was tissues- and time-dependent. In conclusion, this study suggested that the uptake of Cu in the tissues of common carp increased in the joint presence of TiO2 NPs.

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2016

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2016

Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, Jan 26, 2014

ABSTRACT Citation: Mansouri B, Shahmoradi B. Pollution: Treating Environmental Toxins. J Adv Envi... more ABSTRACT Citation: Mansouri B, Shahmoradi B. Pollution: Treating Environmental Toxins. J Adv Environ Health Res 2014; 2(1): 63-4. Environmental pollution resulted from toxic chemicals is a worldwide issue due to their toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in the food chain. Therefore, in order to decrease toxicity of these materials, using a suitable strategy is crucial to find sources of pollution, to detect types of pollutants, and treating diseases caused by toxins. Selected topics have been clearly and logically arranged in "Pollution: Treating Environmental Toxins". The book contains eight chapters; each dealing with different aspects of environmental pollution resulted from the toxins entrance from the urban environment to the natural environment. After a general description of the importance of environmental medicine to diagnosing and treating illnesses caused by toxins in the environment in Chapter 1, the author gives details about environmental diseases and tools used in diagnosing diseases in Chapter 2. In this chapter, finding the source of an environmental toxin, the most important step in epidemiology of environmental diseases is presented. The basic information about environmental medicine and epidemiology of environmental diseases have been descripted in Chapters 1 and 2. The illustration of uptake mechanisms and toxin elimination by each tissue is very important in diagnosing diseases and their effects on the body; such aspects have been neglected in these two chapters. Chapter 3 deals with classifying toxins, entry mechanisms to the body, and body detoxification mechanism of toxic chemicals. The author presents general information about toxic metals; however, such information is not comprehensive about environmental toxins. This chapter needs to describe two sections: (1) use of toxic metal bioindicators such as fish, bird, and mosses species and (2) biomarkers of metal toxicity in living organisms such as metallothioneins, phytochelatins, and antioxidant enzymes. These two parts are useful in assessing metal exposure and the prediction of potential detrimental effects induced by environmental metal contaminants. Now-a-days, researchers are interested in biomonitoring the fate of novel materials to assess the environment contamination. Chapter 4 briefly focuses on three subjects: (1) air quality and pollutants in air, (2) electromagnetic fields, and (3) noise pollution. These kinds of pollution are growing rapidly in developing countries and have become an emerging environmental pollution. The illustration of tables and figures about related subjects in this chapter are very good

The purpose of this study is surveying in bioaccumulation pattern and depuration of cobalt in the... more The purpose of this study is surveying in bioaccumulation pattern and depuration of cobalt in the liver tissue, gills, muscle and skin of fresh water fish Capoeta fusca. Therefore during July to September 2010, the C. fusca with an average weight of 18.8±2.1grams and total length of 13.1±0.8 cm from Birjand qanats were collected. Cobalt accumulation and elimination were studied in fish exposed to one-tenth of LC50 taken as 20 mg/L of 96 hr LC50 concentration of cobalt over 30 days of exposure. The results obtained indicate that at the end of 30 days of exposure, the total tissue organ cobalt concentration followed the pattern liver >gill >muscle > skin and gill >liver >skin>muscle for accumulation and elimination, respectively. Results showed that cobalt accumulation in the liver was higher than the other tissues. Besides, the results showed that the elimination level of cobalt in the gills was the highest. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the accumu...

Many of people around the world enjoy the benefits of technological and economic developments and... more Many of people around the world enjoy the benefits of technological and economic developments and high standards of living, however, many scientists are aware that these developments cost a lot. Developments of human societies and industry result in bioenvironmental problems; pollution put the water, air and soil resources at risk. The objective of this study is to determine the quality of water in Birjand, a city located in the east of Iran. In this context, it was determined the factors of pH, total hardness, alkalinity, calcium, manganese, potassium, sulphate, ammonium, nitrite, cyanide, chlorine at seven stations. The Results showed that the concentration of pH, total hardness and ammonium were at 7.76, 348.09 and 0.06 mg/L, respectively. The mean concentration of nitrite, magnesium and chlorine were 0.006, 56.38 and 4.95 mg/L, respectively. Also, the mean concentration of cyanide was determined as 1 mg/L. Results also indicated that there were correlations among the measured pa...

More pollutants in the air influence on human health. The air pollutants emission problem has rec... more More pollutants in the air influence on human health. The air pollutants emission problem has received a lot of public attentions and academic researchers in the past decades. The objective of this study is to investigate of monthly variations of ozone (O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM10) in Shiraz city, Iran. For this reason, data of mean monthly air pollutants from two stations of pollution monitoring stations were analyzed. The concentrations of these parameters were monitored by continuous monitoring equipment for a period of four years (from 2006 to 2009). There were significant monthly variations in concentrations of air quality parameters. Results showed that mean monthly concentration CO and PM10 were higher at station 2 than station 1, and also that concentration PM10 in warm seasons was higher than cold seasons. The air quality monitoring data collected in city center of Shiraz showed seasonal variations for sulphur dioxide (SO2),...

AACL Bioflux

The purpose of this study was to determine acute toxicity of cobalt ions (as CoCl2.6H2O) and coba... more The purpose of this study was to determine acute toxicity of cobalt ions (as CoCl2.6H2O) and cobalt oxide nanoparticles (as Co2O3 NPs) as well as their effects on histopathology of gills of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with average weight of 2–3 g. The results of this study showed that the 96-houre LC50 values for both CoCl2.6H2O and Co2O3 NPs were > 100 mg L-1. On the other hand, the results of histopathological studies indicated that exposure of zebrafish to cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt ions caused several gill injuries such as aneurism, dilated and clubbed tips, hyperplasia, oedema, curvature, fusion of lamellae, increase of mucous secretion, hypertrophy, and necrosis. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the zebrafish is sensitive to both cobalt oxide nanoparticles and cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate.

Heavy metal pollution has become a global issue. Heavy metals are released to the aquatic ecosyst... more Heavy metal pollution has become a global issue. Heavy metals are released to the aquatic ecosystems from natural and anthropogenic recourses. The aim of this study was to investigate accumulation of As and Cd in gill, liver and muscle of Zebra fish (Aphanius sophiae) in salt water with the purpose of target organ determination and investigation of Bio Concentration Factor in different concentrations of As and Cd. Random sampling was done in spring of 2011 from Eshtehard Shoor River. In Environmental Pollution Laboratory at University of Tehran samples were kept in seven tanks for eighteen days (three As concentrations tanks, three Cd concentrations tanks and one control tank). After wet digestion of samples the concentrations of As and Cd measured by ICP-OES instrument in liver, gill and muscle of fish. Results of study showed that liver as target organ accumulates the highest concentrations of As and Cd (liver>gill>muscle).Trend of Bio Concentration Factor variation in Cd an...

Abstract Aims and Background: The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the future wi... more Abstract Aims and Background: The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the future will be pouring this material into the environment and can cause health and environmental problems to humans and other organisms. In this context, the use of biological indicators is necessary for environmental monitoring and control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accumulation capacity of AgNPs in the gills, intestines and hepatopancreas of freshwater crayfish, as an indicator of environment. Methods and Materials: In this study, 15 adult male freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) were caught from the Aras River (north-west of Iran). Crayfish exposed to five concentrations of AgNPs colloid (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l) for a period of 6 days. The concentration of silver in the intestines, gills and hepatopancreas were measured using Phoenix 986 atomic absorption. The One-Way ANOVA was used to compare the levels of AgNPs in the tissues. Results: According to the find...

The aims of this study was to investigate the pattern of bioaccumulation and bioconcentration fac... more The aims of this study was to investigate the pattern of bioaccumulation and bioconcentration factor of cadmium and arsenic in livers, gills and muscles of endemic fish toothed carp (Aphanius sophiae) exposed to three treatments of cadmium (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) and three treatments of arsenic (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) for a period of 18 days. From Jun to August 2011, Toothed carp (Aphanius sophiae) with average weight (+SD) of 9.5 (± 0.3) g and average length of 7.6 (± 0.4) cm were received from Eshtehard Shoor river in Karaj city. Cadmium and arsenic was assayed using ICP-OES instrument and the results were given as mg/g wet weight. This finding showed that the accumulation patterns of cadmium and arsenic are in the following order: liver > gill > muscle. The bioconcentration factor in all concentrations of cadmium and arsenic are in the following order: liver > gill > muscle. The results indicated that the target organ for accumulation of cadmium and arsenic is liver.

Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 2015

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to determine heavy metal levels (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, ... more ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to determine heavy metal levels (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe) in the edible muscle, gill, liver, and skin of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), in Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR), Iran to evaluate their hazard levels in relation to the maximum residual limits for human consumption. The results indicated that Fe accumulated the highest level of metal in the organs of both fish species. Moreover, the highest and lowest level of metals has been accumulated in the gill and skin organs respectively. The statistical analysis indicated that the metal concentrations differed significantly among liver, gill, edible muscle, and skin in C. carpio and H. molitrix. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that the maximum allowable fish consumption rate for an adult person with mean 71.5 kg body weight were 2128, 136, 638, 1280, and 1124 g/day based on g/day based on Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Fe levels respectively. In conclusion, results showed that the metal concentrations in the edible muscle of both fish species are below levels of concern for human consumption.

Toxicology and industrial health, 2015

The purpose of this article was to investigate the levels of metals, cadmium, lead, and zinc, in ... more The purpose of this article was to investigate the levels of metals, cadmium, lead, and zinc, in Western reef heron (Egretta gularis) (n = 15) in order to (1) examine the sex-related variation in trace metal accumulation and (2) determine the significant differences between the metal concentrations in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle. Bird samples were collected from throughout the Hara biosphere reserve of southern Iran, during November and December 2010 and the concentration of metals were measured using a Shimadzu AA 680 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The overall cadmium, lead and zinc concentrations means were measured as 0.8 ± 0.1, 3.4 ± 1.1, and 29.4 ± 12.9 μg/g for kidney; 0.7 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.5, and 65.9 ± 20.7 μg/g for liver; and 0.2 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.7, and 17.6 ± 12.9 μg/g for pectoral muscle, respectively. The results showed that with the exception of cadmium in liver, there were no significant differences between males and females (t test, p > 0.05). In ...

Chemistry and Ecology, 2015

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of Cd, Pb, Co, and Cu, ... more ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of Cd, Pb, Co, and Cu, in A. chukar, A. griseogularis, and Columba livia, in order to (1) examine the age- and gender-related variation in trace metal accumulation and (2) to determine the significance between metal concentrations in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle. Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in the kidney of A. chukar, A. griseogularis, and C. livia were 3.7, 4.1, and 3.9 µg/g and 15.9, 13.6, and 15.5 µg/g, respectively. In the liver, they were 4.8, 4.3, and 3.9 µg/g and 21.4, 21.3, and 21.1 µg/g, and in the pectoral muscle, 2.3, 2.3, and 2.2 µg/g and 7.1, 7.1, and 7.8 µg/g, respectively. Metal concentrations in three bird species were decreased in the sequence of liver > kidney > pectoral muscle. Trace metal concentrations in the three species were higher in females than in males. The mean concentrations of Cd in the kidney and liver were higher than the background levels, as well as Pb concentrations in the liver were higher than the toxic level.

Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 2013

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the pattern of accumulation and el... more ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the pattern of accumulation and elimination of cobalt in selected organs of Capoeta fusca, after chronic exposure. Samples of C. fusca were obtained from a qanat in Birjand between July and September 2010. Cobalt accumulation was studied in fish exposed to 6.8 mg L-1 of cobalt for 15 days and the elimination was investigated in the contaminated fish samples placed in tap water for another 15 days. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry it was found that the accumulation of cobalt in tissues was in the following order: liver>muscle>gill>skin. The elimination of cobalt was in the following order: skin>gill>muscle>liver. The bioaccumulation and elimination of cobalt were significant in the organs of C. fusca ( P

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016

The aim of this research was to investigate the coexposure of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (... more The aim of this research was to investigate the coexposure of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and copper oxide (CuO) on the alterations of the gill, intestine, kidney, and liver tissues of carps (Cyprinus carpio). In this study, carps (length 23 ± 1.5 cm; weight 13 ± 1.3 g) were divided into six groups of 15 each and exposed to 2.5 and 5.0 mg L(-1) of CuO nanoparticles (NPs), 10.0 mg L(-1) of TiO2 NPs, and 2.5 and 5.0 mg L(-1) of CuO NPs + 10.0 mg L(-1) of TiO2 NP mixture. Fish were sampled for histopathological studies after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results indicated that the more kinds of histopathology anomalies observed with CuO NP and TiO2 NP mixture were broadly of the same type as CuO NPs and TiO2 NPs alone, but the severity or incidence of injuries of gill, intestine, liver, and kidney of carps in the mixture of CuO NPs + TiO2 NPs was higher than that of each NP alone. Moreover, behavioral changes in carps exposed to CuO NP and TiO2 NP mixture such as hyperactivity, loss of balance, and convulsions were higher than those to CuO NPs and TiO2 NPs alone. In conclusion, the presence of TiO2 NPs enhanced the effects of NPs of copper oxide in terms of histopathological changes in carps.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), such as TiO2 and CuO, are widely applied in an increasing number... more Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), such as TiO2 and CuO, are widely applied in an increasing number of products and applications, and therefore their release to the aquatic ecosystems is unavoidable. However, little is known about joint toxicity of different NPs on tissues of aquatic organisms, such as fish. This study was conducted to assess the uptake and depuration of Cu following exposure to CuO NPs in the presence of TiO2 NPs in the liver, intestine, muscle, and gill of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Carps with a mean total length of 23 ± 1.5 cm and mean weight of 13 ± 1.3 g were divided into 6 groups of 15 each (1 control group) and exposed to TiO2 NPs, CuO NPs, and a mixture of TiO2 and CuO NPs for periods of 20 days for uptake and 10 days for depuration. The determination of total Cu concentration was carried out by an ICP-OES. The order of Cu uptake in different tissues of the carps was liver > gill > muscle > intestine in both levels of CuO NPs alone; results showed that the total Cu concentrations in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles were increased and were in the sequence of liver > gill > intestine > muscle. In depuration period, Cu concentrations were decreased in all treatments in the sequence of gill > intestine > muscle > liver. Uptake of Cu in different tissues of common carp increased with increasing concentration and time and was tissues- and time-dependent. In conclusion, this study suggested that the uptake of Cu in the tissues of common carp increased in the joint presence of TiO2 NPs.

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2016

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2016

Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, Jan 26, 2014

ABSTRACT Citation: Mansouri B, Shahmoradi B. Pollution: Treating Environmental Toxins. J Adv Envi... more ABSTRACT Citation: Mansouri B, Shahmoradi B. Pollution: Treating Environmental Toxins. J Adv Environ Health Res 2014; 2(1): 63-4. Environmental pollution resulted from toxic chemicals is a worldwide issue due to their toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in the food chain. Therefore, in order to decrease toxicity of these materials, using a suitable strategy is crucial to find sources of pollution, to detect types of pollutants, and treating diseases caused by toxins. Selected topics have been clearly and logically arranged in "Pollution: Treating Environmental Toxins". The book contains eight chapters; each dealing with different aspects of environmental pollution resulted from the toxins entrance from the urban environment to the natural environment. After a general description of the importance of environmental medicine to diagnosing and treating illnesses caused by toxins in the environment in Chapter 1, the author gives details about environmental diseases and tools used in diagnosing diseases in Chapter 2. In this chapter, finding the source of an environmental toxin, the most important step in epidemiology of environmental diseases is presented. The basic information about environmental medicine and epidemiology of environmental diseases have been descripted in Chapters 1 and 2. The illustration of uptake mechanisms and toxin elimination by each tissue is very important in diagnosing diseases and their effects on the body; such aspects have been neglected in these two chapters. Chapter 3 deals with classifying toxins, entry mechanisms to the body, and body detoxification mechanism of toxic chemicals. The author presents general information about toxic metals; however, such information is not comprehensive about environmental toxins. This chapter needs to describe two sections: (1) use of toxic metal bioindicators such as fish, bird, and mosses species and (2) biomarkers of metal toxicity in living organisms such as metallothioneins, phytochelatins, and antioxidant enzymes. These two parts are useful in assessing metal exposure and the prediction of potential detrimental effects induced by environmental metal contaminants. Now-a-days, researchers are interested in biomonitoring the fate of novel materials to assess the environment contamination. Chapter 4 briefly focuses on three subjects: (1) air quality and pollutants in air, (2) electromagnetic fields, and (3) noise pollution. These kinds of pollution are growing rapidly in developing countries and have become an emerging environmental pollution. The illustration of tables and figures about related subjects in this chapter are very good

The purpose of this study is surveying in bioaccumulation pattern and depuration of cobalt in the... more The purpose of this study is surveying in bioaccumulation pattern and depuration of cobalt in the liver tissue, gills, muscle and skin of fresh water fish Capoeta fusca. Therefore during July to September 2010, the C. fusca with an average weight of 18.8±2.1grams and total length of 13.1±0.8 cm from Birjand qanats were collected. Cobalt accumulation and elimination were studied in fish exposed to one-tenth of LC50 taken as 20 mg/L of 96 hr LC50 concentration of cobalt over 30 days of exposure. The results obtained indicate that at the end of 30 days of exposure, the total tissue organ cobalt concentration followed the pattern liver >gill >muscle > skin and gill >liver >skin>muscle for accumulation and elimination, respectively. Results showed that cobalt accumulation in the liver was higher than the other tissues. Besides, the results showed that the elimination level of cobalt in the gills was the highest. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the accumu...

Many of people around the world enjoy the benefits of technological and economic developments and... more Many of people around the world enjoy the benefits of technological and economic developments and high standards of living, however, many scientists are aware that these developments cost a lot. Developments of human societies and industry result in bioenvironmental problems; pollution put the water, air and soil resources at risk. The objective of this study is to determine the quality of water in Birjand, a city located in the east of Iran. In this context, it was determined the factors of pH, total hardness, alkalinity, calcium, manganese, potassium, sulphate, ammonium, nitrite, cyanide, chlorine at seven stations. The Results showed that the concentration of pH, total hardness and ammonium were at 7.76, 348.09 and 0.06 mg/L, respectively. The mean concentration of nitrite, magnesium and chlorine were 0.006, 56.38 and 4.95 mg/L, respectively. Also, the mean concentration of cyanide was determined as 1 mg/L. Results also indicated that there were correlations among the measured pa...

More pollutants in the air influence on human health. The air pollutants emission problem has rec... more More pollutants in the air influence on human health. The air pollutants emission problem has received a lot of public attentions and academic researchers in the past decades. The objective of this study is to investigate of monthly variations of ozone (O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM10) in Shiraz city, Iran. For this reason, data of mean monthly air pollutants from two stations of pollution monitoring stations were analyzed. The concentrations of these parameters were monitored by continuous monitoring equipment for a period of four years (from 2006 to 2009). There were significant monthly variations in concentrations of air quality parameters. Results showed that mean monthly concentration CO and PM10 were higher at station 2 than station 1, and also that concentration PM10 in warm seasons was higher than cold seasons. The air quality monitoring data collected in city center of Shiraz showed seasonal variations for sulphur dioxide (SO2),...

AACL Bioflux

The purpose of this study was to determine acute toxicity of cobalt ions (as CoCl2.6H2O) and coba... more The purpose of this study was to determine acute toxicity of cobalt ions (as CoCl2.6H2O) and cobalt oxide nanoparticles (as Co2O3 NPs) as well as their effects on histopathology of gills of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with average weight of 2–3 g. The results of this study showed that the 96-houre LC50 values for both CoCl2.6H2O and Co2O3 NPs were > 100 mg L-1. On the other hand, the results of histopathological studies indicated that exposure of zebrafish to cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt ions caused several gill injuries such as aneurism, dilated and clubbed tips, hyperplasia, oedema, curvature, fusion of lamellae, increase of mucous secretion, hypertrophy, and necrosis. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the zebrafish is sensitive to both cobalt oxide nanoparticles and cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate.

Heavy metal pollution has become a global issue. Heavy metals are released to the aquatic ecosyst... more Heavy metal pollution has become a global issue. Heavy metals are released to the aquatic ecosystems from natural and anthropogenic recourses. The aim of this study was to investigate accumulation of As and Cd in gill, liver and muscle of Zebra fish (Aphanius sophiae) in salt water with the purpose of target organ determination and investigation of Bio Concentration Factor in different concentrations of As and Cd. Random sampling was done in spring of 2011 from Eshtehard Shoor River. In Environmental Pollution Laboratory at University of Tehran samples were kept in seven tanks for eighteen days (three As concentrations tanks, three Cd concentrations tanks and one control tank). After wet digestion of samples the concentrations of As and Cd measured by ICP-OES instrument in liver, gill and muscle of fish. Results of study showed that liver as target organ accumulates the highest concentrations of As and Cd (liver>gill>muscle).Trend of Bio Concentration Factor variation in Cd an...

Abstract Aims and Background: The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the future wi... more Abstract Aims and Background: The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the future will be pouring this material into the environment and can cause health and environmental problems to humans and other organisms. In this context, the use of biological indicators is necessary for environmental monitoring and control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accumulation capacity of AgNPs in the gills, intestines and hepatopancreas of freshwater crayfish, as an indicator of environment. Methods and Materials: In this study, 15 adult male freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) were caught from the Aras River (north-west of Iran). Crayfish exposed to five concentrations of AgNPs colloid (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l) for a period of 6 days. The concentration of silver in the intestines, gills and hepatopancreas were measured using Phoenix 986 atomic absorption. The One-Way ANOVA was used to compare the levels of AgNPs in the tissues. Results: According to the find...

The aims of this study was to investigate the pattern of bioaccumulation and bioconcentration fac... more The aims of this study was to investigate the pattern of bioaccumulation and bioconcentration factor of cadmium and arsenic in livers, gills and muscles of endemic fish toothed carp (Aphanius sophiae) exposed to three treatments of cadmium (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) and three treatments of arsenic (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) for a period of 18 days. From Jun to August 2011, Toothed carp (Aphanius sophiae) with average weight (+SD) of 9.5 (± 0.3) g and average length of 7.6 (± 0.4) cm were received from Eshtehard Shoor river in Karaj city. Cadmium and arsenic was assayed using ICP-OES instrument and the results were given as mg/g wet weight. This finding showed that the accumulation patterns of cadmium and arsenic are in the following order: liver > gill > muscle. The bioconcentration factor in all concentrations of cadmium and arsenic are in the following order: liver > gill > muscle. The results indicated that the target organ for accumulation of cadmium and arsenic is liver.

Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 2015

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to determine heavy metal levels (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, ... more ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to determine heavy metal levels (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe) in the edible muscle, gill, liver, and skin of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), in Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR), Iran to evaluate their hazard levels in relation to the maximum residual limits for human consumption. The results indicated that Fe accumulated the highest level of metal in the organs of both fish species. Moreover, the highest and lowest level of metals has been accumulated in the gill and skin organs respectively. The statistical analysis indicated that the metal concentrations differed significantly among liver, gill, edible muscle, and skin in C. carpio and H. molitrix. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that the maximum allowable fish consumption rate for an adult person with mean 71.5 kg body weight were 2128, 136, 638, 1280, and 1124 g/day based on g/day based on Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Fe levels respectively. In conclusion, results showed that the metal concentrations in the edible muscle of both fish species are below levels of concern for human consumption.

Toxicology and industrial health, 2015

The purpose of this article was to investigate the levels of metals, cadmium, lead, and zinc, in ... more The purpose of this article was to investigate the levels of metals, cadmium, lead, and zinc, in Western reef heron (Egretta gularis) (n = 15) in order to (1) examine the sex-related variation in trace metal accumulation and (2) determine the significant differences between the metal concentrations in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle. Bird samples were collected from throughout the Hara biosphere reserve of southern Iran, during November and December 2010 and the concentration of metals were measured using a Shimadzu AA 680 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The overall cadmium, lead and zinc concentrations means were measured as 0.8 ± 0.1, 3.4 ± 1.1, and 29.4 ± 12.9 μg/g for kidney; 0.7 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.5, and 65.9 ± 20.7 μg/g for liver; and 0.2 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.7, and 17.6 ± 12.9 μg/g for pectoral muscle, respectively. The results showed that with the exception of cadmium in liver, there were no significant differences between males and females (t test, p > 0.05). In ...

Chemistry and Ecology, 2015

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of Cd, Pb, Co, and Cu, ... more ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of Cd, Pb, Co, and Cu, in A. chukar, A. griseogularis, and Columba livia, in order to (1) examine the age- and gender-related variation in trace metal accumulation and (2) to determine the significance between metal concentrations in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle. Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in the kidney of A. chukar, A. griseogularis, and C. livia were 3.7, 4.1, and 3.9 µg/g and 15.9, 13.6, and 15.5 µg/g, respectively. In the liver, they were 4.8, 4.3, and 3.9 µg/g and 21.4, 21.3, and 21.1 µg/g, and in the pectoral muscle, 2.3, 2.3, and 2.2 µg/g and 7.1, 7.1, and 7.8 µg/g, respectively. Metal concentrations in three bird species were decreased in the sequence of liver > kidney > pectoral muscle. Trace metal concentrations in the three species were higher in females than in males. The mean concentrations of Cd in the kidney and liver were higher than the background levels, as well as Pb concentrations in the liver were higher than the toxic level.

Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 2013

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the pattern of accumulation and el... more ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the pattern of accumulation and elimination of cobalt in selected organs of Capoeta fusca, after chronic exposure. Samples of C. fusca were obtained from a qanat in Birjand between July and September 2010. Cobalt accumulation was studied in fish exposed to 6.8 mg L-1 of cobalt for 15 days and the elimination was investigated in the contaminated fish samples placed in tap water for another 15 days. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry it was found that the accumulation of cobalt in tissues was in the following order: liver>muscle>gill>skin. The elimination of cobalt was in the following order: skin>gill>muscle>liver. The bioaccumulation and elimination of cobalt were significant in the organs of C. fusca ( P