Esmaeel Azizi | Kermanshah University Of Medical Science (original) (raw)
Papers by Esmaeel Azizi
Archives of Hygiene Sciences, 2016
Pharmaceutical wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of organic matter and toxic pol... more Pharmaceutical wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of organic matter and toxic pollutants (1). This wastewater contains the main agents and solvents which were used in washing and cleaning processes; also reactants and catalysts used in manufacturing processes (2). In many cases, effluents of these industries contain little or no biodegradable organic matters. Therefore, the pollutant loads in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD) may be negligible and chemical oxygen demand (COD) would be higher than the BOD (3). In fact, many pharmaceutical compounds are only partially removed during biological treatment processes in sewage treatment plants and consequently released into surface waters (4,5). For pharmaceutical wastewater treatment several different alternatives were suggested include anaerobic–aerobic (6) or membrane (7,8) bioreactors, electrochemical oxidation (9), biochemical combined method (10) and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (11-13). The application ...
Scientific Reports, 2017
The present study aimed at synthesizing chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Cr:ZnO NPs) unde... more The present study aimed at synthesizing chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Cr:ZnO NPs) under mild hydrothermal conditions (temperature ~100 °C, p = autogenous and time ~12 hr). Chromium oxide and n-butylamine were used as dopant and surface modifier, respectively. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined through conducting specialized experiments including powder XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Then, the Cr:ZnO NPs were immobilized on a sandblasted glass through thermal method. The photocatalytic degradation of aniline was conducted in a continuous reactor with a volume of 1.5 liters. Before and after photocatalytic degradation, the immobilized Cr:ZnO NPs were characterized for SEM and EDX to determine the degree of stability of immobilized nanoparticles as well as the influence of the current applied on them. The photodegradation operational parameters investigated were aniline initial concentration (150, 200, and 250 mg/L), pH (5, 7, 6, and 12), and reaction time (2, 4, and 6 hours) under sunlight illumination. The characterization results indicated high purity of the Cr:ZnO NPs and no change in morphology or composition even after the immobilization and photo-oxidation process. Finally, it was found that the optimum conditions for 93% removal of aniline under sunlight illumination was about 6 hours retention time at pH 9. Over half a million organic compounds have been created from the beginning of the new century, with around 10,000 new compounds being invented every year 1. Aniline is a synthesized intermediate compound with poisonous properties and has a solubility of 35000 mg/L in water. Therefore, there is a risk of its presence in both wastewater and drinking water resources. Furthermore, because it is widely used and dumped through urban sewage as well as industrial and agricultural wastewater, aniline can be accumulated in the environment 2. Aniline or amino benzene is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH 2. This organic compound consists of a benzene ring attached to an amino group. Aniline is an oily and colorless compound, which is easily oxidized in air and forms a red-brown substance. Like most volatile amines, it possesses odor of rotten fish. Aniline is poisonous and ignites readily (184.4 °C), burning with a smoky flame 3. It is a carcinogenic chemical compound and causes tumors in animals. It also increases the risk of bladder cancer among humans. According to health rules, it has a threshold limit value of 2 ppm per 8 hours for skin exposure and 5 ppm per 8 hours for airborne permissible exposure 4. On the other hand, this compound causes fast reactions in the blood, converts hemoglobin to methaemoglobin, and leads into cyanosis. Moreover, long time exposure to this substance can harm kidneys, liver, bones, and the nervous system 5. It can also cause anemia, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Thus, even very low concentrations of aniline in water resources can cause damage to aquatic life and human health 6 .
Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sep 24, 2014
Archives of Hygiene Sciences, 2016
Pharmaceutical wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of organic matter and toxic pol... more Pharmaceutical wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of organic matter and toxic pollutants (1). This wastewater contains the main agents and solvents which were used in washing and cleaning processes; also reactants and catalysts used in manufacturing processes (2). In many cases, effluents of these industries contain little or no biodegradable organic matters. Therefore, the pollutant loads in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD) may be negligible and chemical oxygen demand (COD) would be higher than the BOD (3). In fact, many pharmaceutical compounds are only partially removed during biological treatment processes in sewage treatment plants and consequently released into surface waters (4,5). For pharmaceutical wastewater treatment several different alternatives were suggested include anaerobic–aerobic (6) or membrane (7,8) bioreactors, electrochemical oxidation (9), biochemical combined method (10) and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (11-13). The application ...
Scientific Reports, 2017
The present study aimed at synthesizing chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Cr:ZnO NPs) unde... more The present study aimed at synthesizing chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Cr:ZnO NPs) under mild hydrothermal conditions (temperature ~100 °C, p = autogenous and time ~12 hr). Chromium oxide and n-butylamine were used as dopant and surface modifier, respectively. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined through conducting specialized experiments including powder XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Then, the Cr:ZnO NPs were immobilized on a sandblasted glass through thermal method. The photocatalytic degradation of aniline was conducted in a continuous reactor with a volume of 1.5 liters. Before and after photocatalytic degradation, the immobilized Cr:ZnO NPs were characterized for SEM and EDX to determine the degree of stability of immobilized nanoparticles as well as the influence of the current applied on them. The photodegradation operational parameters investigated were aniline initial concentration (150, 200, and 250 mg/L), pH (5, 7, 6, and 12), and reaction time (2, 4, and 6 hours) under sunlight illumination. The characterization results indicated high purity of the Cr:ZnO NPs and no change in morphology or composition even after the immobilization and photo-oxidation process. Finally, it was found that the optimum conditions for 93% removal of aniline under sunlight illumination was about 6 hours retention time at pH 9. Over half a million organic compounds have been created from the beginning of the new century, with around 10,000 new compounds being invented every year 1. Aniline is a synthesized intermediate compound with poisonous properties and has a solubility of 35000 mg/L in water. Therefore, there is a risk of its presence in both wastewater and drinking water resources. Furthermore, because it is widely used and dumped through urban sewage as well as industrial and agricultural wastewater, aniline can be accumulated in the environment 2. Aniline or amino benzene is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH 2. This organic compound consists of a benzene ring attached to an amino group. Aniline is an oily and colorless compound, which is easily oxidized in air and forms a red-brown substance. Like most volatile amines, it possesses odor of rotten fish. Aniline is poisonous and ignites readily (184.4 °C), burning with a smoky flame 3. It is a carcinogenic chemical compound and causes tumors in animals. It also increases the risk of bladder cancer among humans. According to health rules, it has a threshold limit value of 2 ppm per 8 hours for skin exposure and 5 ppm per 8 hours for airborne permissible exposure 4. On the other hand, this compound causes fast reactions in the blood, converts hemoglobin to methaemoglobin, and leads into cyanosis. Moreover, long time exposure to this substance can harm kidneys, liver, bones, and the nervous system 5. It can also cause anemia, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Thus, even very low concentrations of aniline in water resources can cause damage to aquatic life and human health 6 .
Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sep 24, 2014