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Smart Computing Review by Muneer Umar

The human brain can store countless folds of knowledge. Still, we cannot fully utilize a single ... more The human brain can store countless folds of knowledge. Still, we cannot fully utilize a
single human brain to solve a specific problem. Knowledge-based systems (KBSs) are computer
programs specifically developed to perform problem solving like human experts. These systems
effectively expand efficiency and flawlessly solve problems in various fields. The structure of a
KBS can be divided into five standard components, which are described in detail. The component
used for storage is called a knowledgebase, while an inference engine is a software module that
processes the knowledge stored in the knowledgebase. Different tools, shells and programming
languages can be used to develop and utilize KBSs. The most popular development languages are
List Programming (Lisp), Prolog, Java Expert Systems Shell (JESS) and C Language Integrated
Production System (CLIPS). This paper highlights various known issues in the phases of the
development, deployment and maintenance of KBSs. Developers, as well as end users, may face
various issues in the life cycle of these systems. The key personalities involved in the development
and maintenance of KBSs are knowledge engineers and domain knowledge experts. Most issues are
related to the experts’ availability, their behavior and long-term cooperation

Papers by Muneer Umar

With the rapid development in mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), it has become very essentia... more With the rapid development in mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), it has become very essential to focus on the efficiency in performance of small sensing nodes operating in WSNs. While designing a routing protocol for mobile sensor nodes, the quality parameters like end-to-end delays and routing overhead are always considered. Moreover, the nodes in wirelessly connected mobile networks consume considerable power on routing more than other functionalities. Any modification in a standard routing protocol can also affect routing overhead, end-to-end delays, and energy consumption of nodes. In this paper a new hybrid routing protocol, named as State-Aware Link Maintenance Approach (SALMA), is introduced which is based on Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocols. The work also focuses on the activeness of nodes in the network operations and defines three states of nodes, that is, white, gray, and black. The work concludes that the proposed protocol gives improvements in some quality of service metrics like lower delay than DSR, lower routing overhead than OLSR, and lesser energy consumption by the network nodes.

The human brain can store countless folds of knowledge. Still, we cannot fully utilize a single ... more The human brain can store countless folds of knowledge. Still, we cannot fully utilize a
single human brain to solve a specific problem. Knowledge-based systems (KBSs) are computer
programs specifically developed to perform problem solving like human experts. These systems
effectively expand efficiency and flawlessly solve problems in various fields. The structure of a
KBS can be divided into five standard components, which are described in detail. The component
used for storage is called a knowledgebase, while an inference engine is a software module that
processes the knowledge stored in the knowledgebase. Different tools, shells and programming
languages can be used to develop and utilize KBSs. The most popular development languages are
List Programming (Lisp), Prolog, Java Expert Systems Shell (JESS) and C Language Integrated
Production System (CLIPS). This paper highlights various known issues in the phases of the
development, deployment and maintenance of KBSs. Developers, as well as end users, may face
various issues in the life cycle of these systems. The key personalities involved in the development
and maintenance of KBSs are knowledge engineers and domain knowledge experts. Most issues are
related to the experts’ availability, their behavior and long-term cooperation

With the rapid development in mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), it has become very essentia... more With the rapid development in mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), it has become very essential to focus on the efficiency in performance of small sensing nodes operating in WSNs. While designing a routing protocol for mobile sensor nodes, the quality parameters like end-to-end delays and routing overhead are always considered. Moreover, the nodes in wirelessly connected mobile networks consume considerable power on routing more than other functionalities. Any modification in a standard routing protocol can also affect routing overhead, end-to-end delays, and energy consumption of nodes. In this paper a new hybrid routing protocol, named as State-Aware Link Maintenance Approach (SALMA), is introduced which is based on Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocols. The work also focuses on the activeness of nodes in the network operations and defines three states of nodes, that is, white, gray, and black. The work concludes that the proposed protocol gives improvements in some quality of service metrics like lower delay than DSR, lower routing overhead than OLSR, and lesser energy consumption by the network nodes.