Younas Khan | Kohat University of science and technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Younas Khan

Springer, 2023

Addressing the long-standing debate over the social impact of military politics and recent discus... more Addressing the long-standing debate over the social impact of military politics and recent discussions of food-induced famine resulting from military activities, a cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain the association between military politics in the purview of household food security from a sociological perspective. A structured interview schedule was used for taking primary data from 379 household heads in Torghar, Northern Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan through stratified sampling method. Further, Chi-square test statistics and correlation were used at bivariate level, while three background variables namely household budget allocation, monthly income and household composition were controlled to ascertain the association between military politics and food security at multivariate analysis. The study found that war on terror had threatened the efforts of establishing food secure environment, as militant tendencies and food security did not have any reinforcing effects rather paradoxical in nature. The existence of such environments were exploring toward imposing of the decision without the consent of the local population, which eroded the chances of greater public inclusion in the development initiatives. Moreover, such dynamics forced the locals to migrate internally as well. In addition, the local youth recruitment in such armed groups gave impetus to the rise of greater deviance, challenging the established social and cultural patterns of life while challenging the writ of the state as well. The rise of militant tendencies during the war on terror had the most significant impact on access to food in the study area. The government need to focus on addressing the social and economic aspects of these rising tendencies; provide a smooth access of the local youth to the job market by implementing specific quotas; and establish a strong surveillance system to address and control these tendencies was recommended.

Environment, Development and sustainability , 2023

Ensuring household food security and fighting hunger are global concerns. This research highlight... more Ensuring household food security and fighting hunger are global concerns. This research highlights factors affecting food security and solutions by utilizing a nexus of statistical and fuzzy mathematical models. A cross-sectional study was conducted in district Torghar, Northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, among 379 households through a structured interview schedule. Further, the data were coded into SPSS for analysis, i.e., descriptive, and inferential statistics. In a binary logistic regression model, the study explored that agricultural productivity lag, population growth, and climate change all had a negative impact on household food security (P = 0.000). In addition, these results were further crosschecked through spherical fuzzy mathematics. The fuzzy results revealed that population growth is the most powerful factor deteriorating the existing equilibrium of household food security in Torghar. The study concluded that climate change, population explosion, and agricultural production were the major factors behind the hunger in the study area. Thus, designing a synergy based on taking all these aforementioned realities into consideration is the need of the hour. If extended, a comprehensive model of addressing these anomalies with a solely objective-based approach may work as a panacea for all ills. Lastly, this study contributes to the food security literature by introducing a new approach that is more robust and flexible than existing methods.

Anthropology, 2018

The major objective of the present study was to examine familial impediments to women political s... more The major objective of the present study was to examine familial impediments to women political status in District Dir Lower Khyber pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan. A sample size of 186 (Political office bearers) of different political organization was randomly selected from total population 714. Out of total 7 tehsils three tehsils were selected namely "Adenzii, Samarbagh and Timergara" as universe of the study. A conceptual frame work comprises of dependent variable "women political status" and independent variable's "familial impediments". The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, dependent variable was indexed and cross tabulated with independent variable. Chi-square test statistics was applied to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent variable respectively. Similarly, in Bi-variate analysis, a highly significant (p=0.000) association was found between dependent variable (women political status) and independent variable indicators; family socializes people for power as a masculine trait in our culture; patriarchal family system do not allow women political mainstreaming; women involvement in politics is considered detrimental to family structure; women restriction to politics in family is done to male hegemony; and people impede women not to participate as to ensure continuity of centuries old traditions. The study concluded that family as an institution is responsible for role allocation. However, restricting this role for women is centermost to revising the process of growth and development at micro and macro level. Exposure of women to mainstreaming in politics could take uncap their potential to decline were extended some of the recommendations in the light of study.

Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 2021

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions an... more The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and Chitral Gole National Park (CGNP) role in preservation of bio-diversity and socio-economic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents was randomly selected from total population of 3326 from the 4 selected villages on the basis of close proximity. A conceptual framework including dependent variable social development and independent variable tourism development were taken. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between CGNP is main source of promoting tourism in Chitral,tourists do any impacts upon local community in terms of increased business activities, local culture is safeguarded despite influx of tourists in the area, tourism produced employment opportunities, and social development. Qualitative data supported the empirical findings, however tourism brings economic opportunities at micro and macro level, but unfortunately CGNP is not as satisfactory regarding generating income since its establishment. The government should ensure to make such polices pertaining to the entrance fee, provides accommodation services on payment to the tourists and to reserve the entrance fee or any other form of taxes to ensure CGNP to spend on self-sustaining basis by ensuring refinement in the procedures as well

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 2021

Purpose of the study: This study was designed to explore the socio-cultural impediments to female... more Purpose of the study: This study was designed to explore the socio-cultural impediments to females getting higher education in 1 pakhtun society. Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative research method was conducted in district Dir lower Pakistan. A wellstructured interviewed schedule (encompassing all the study attributes) was used for primary data collection from 375 female respondents after the pre-test procedure. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics(x 2 test) to ascertain the association between dependent (female higher education) and independent (sociocultural impediments) variables. Principal Findings: Based on the study results, a significant association (P=0.000) was found between the dependent variable and sociocultural attributes; the prevalence of patriarchal norms (P=0.00), preferences of early marriages (P=0.00), fear of sexual harassment (P=0.00), parents carelessness (P=0.00), Parda (veiling for women and protecting their honour) and lack of decision-making power (P=0.00) impedes women from getting their higher education. Applications of this study: Early marriage is a symbol of female exploitation under the man-made unwritten codes of conduct (Pukhtoonwali) which, should be banned through formal (legislation) and informal agencies (familial and religious) level; with a collaboration of educating female to ensure dethroning the partisan character in the form of patriarchal norms, which women faced since the dawn of the history. A slogan or any other campaign through mass media and print media is the order of the day. The government should ensure to play their role on macro and micro level to eliminate the negative stigmatization of women generally while in getting higher education particularly. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is an attempt to insight into the socio-cultural barriers to female attainment of higher education in pukhtun society through perceptional based study along with quantitative research designs to measure the association between the variables as mentioned above with an amalgamation of an addition to the existing stock of knowledge in the field of sociology of education.

Wildlife protection and social Development, 2018

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions an... more The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and ChitralGol National Park in preservation of biodiversity and socioeconomic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents (local people residents of buffer zone villages of CGNP) was randomly selected from total population of 3276 from the 4 purposively selected villages on the basis of close proximity namely Balach, Singore, Xang Bazar and Goledur study universe. A conceptual framework including dependent variable "social development" and independent variable Wildlife protection and development were devised. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-Square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between protection/conservation of wildlife is essential to friendly environment, wildlife increased with the establishment of CGNP (P=0.000), initiatives taken by the government for the conservation of endangered wildlife are enough (P=0.000), deforestation is dangerous for the wildlife of CGNP (P=0.000), local people face any problem from the wildlife of CGNP (P=0.000), medicinal plants in CGNP are also protected in conservation strategies (P=0.000),measures adopted by CGNP are effective in wildlife protection (P=0.000)and social development. More participation of community to protect wildlife and biodiversity and arrangement of refresher courses for the staff to acquaint them with the skill of protection regarding themselves and wildlife were extended some of the recommendations in light of the study findings.

The university of Agriculture Peshawar, 2020

The study entitled “an assessment of effects of climate change on human lives in context of local... more The study entitled “an assessment of effects of climate change on human lives in context of local
response to agricultural production was conducted in District Buner-Pakistan. Tehsil Gagra, out of the six
tehsils of district Bunir, constituted the universe of the study. A sample size of 370, was randomly selected
from the total population of 10142 through proportional allocation method. The conceptual framework
comprised of two study variables i.e “agriculture production” and “climate change effects on human life”.
To established association between the study variables the perception of climate change effect on human
life was indexed and cross tabulated with local response to agricultural production at bi-variate level, using
chi-square test statistics. The study found that climate change effects on human life had a highly significant
association (P=0.000) with greenhouse gases has decreased the agricultural productivity; climate change
has reduced the production of crops(P=0.000); soil erosion and landslides have increased(P=0.000); Due to
climate change forests, fruits and vegetables have become scarce(P=0.000); water logging and salinity has
affected the production of crops(P=0.000); and loss of agricultural productivity affecting the local economy
with effects on human lives. The study concluded that, climate change has drastically affected the agricultural
practices, resulting into low crop production, soil erosions and water logging salinity. Taking climate change
adaptation measure’s to minimize the impacts on agriculture and economy as well as policy formulation and
implementation to cut short the emission of greenhouse gases were major recommendations.

Tanzeem Asatiza pakistan Journal, 2019

The major objective of the present study was to examine religious impediments to women political ... more The major objective of the present study was to examine religious impediments to women political status in District Dir Lower Khyber pukhtoonkhwa. A sample size of 186 (Political office bearers) of different political organization was purposively selected from total population 714 from three selected Tehsils included "Adenzii, Samarbagh &Timergara" as universe of the study. A conceptual frame work comprises of dependent variable "women political status" and independent variable"s "religious impediments". The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, dependent variable was indexed and cross tabulated with independent variable. Chi-square test statistics was applied to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent variable respectively. The study concluded that religion (Islam) is the main institution devising the behavioral tendencies either to be wrong or right. A holistic study of gender based dynamics, if understood from the goggle of Islam in the review of equality and justice, may help in disseminating the true picture of both genders, participation in politic were put forwarded some of the recommendations in the light of study.

Children Drop Out from School, 2018

Drop out of children from school is among the social evils that hinder the development of the nat... more Drop out of children from school is among the social evils that hinder the development of the nation. Education is the fundamental factor of change and social development which is affect by the evil of drop out. Pakistan in general and rural societies in particular where the lack of check and balance of the parents in one side and other socioeconomic and political factors on other side effect schooling of children and encourage the customs of drop out. In this regard this research activity investigates the various aspects of drop out in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data has been collected with the help of interview schedule while the respondents has been selected using convenient sampling technique. The collected data has been analyzed with the help of SPSS version (16) in Univariate and Bivariate method. The findings of the study conclude that strict culture and patriarchy system in Pukhtoon deny girls education which is raising children dropout. The culture and tradition of a society have a significant influence on education. The strict cultural norms obstruct education in a way it resist change in the last it is suggested that already existing environment of misunderstanding respective generation should be eliminated by a social debate based on mental understanding. The teacher should be more congenial in delivering his lecture to students.

Economic constraints to female higher education In Pukhtun Society, 2019

The present study entitled economic constraints to female in getting higher education was conduct... more The present study entitled economic constraints to female in getting higher education was conducted in union council balamabat district Dir lower Pakistan, to explore the economic anomalies which affect female higher education negatively. A sample size stood of 375 was selected by using purposive sampling techniques. The data was collected from both sexes through a well designed data collection tool questionnaire. Frequency and percentage distribution and chi square test was used to ascertain the association between dependent 'female higher education' and independent variable 'economic constraints' by using SPSS software. The study found that, a highly significant association (p=0.000) was found between dependent and independent variables indicators, the prevalence of poverty; lack of scholarships and loan by the government; inadequate budget allocation; expensive educational system and economic supremacy of male members of a society over women negatively affects women higher education. An immediate steps up is the order of the day by the government to increase the

Effects of Climate Change on Human Behaviour: A People Perspective, 2019

Aim: Climate change effects are not limited to a single sector of life but it has far reaching ef... more Aim: Climate change effects are not limited to a single sector of life but it has far reaching effects on behaviour and attitudes of a person or community in a holistic manner. With passing time, climate change is showing its unpleasant consequences in one form or another. Human behaviour has a significant importance in altering and modifying the atrocities of climate change. Methodology: In this research paper, Tehsil Gagra of District Buner Pakistan was selected to analyze the human behaviour as an independent variable and climate change effects on local people lives as a dependent variable. Out of 3 Union Councils (UC), 2 were randomly selected and from both the UCs 370 respondents were taken as a total sample size. Data was collected from the local respondents through interviews, & collected data was analyzed through medium of central dispersion, univariate and bivariate statistical techniques. Chi-Square test was used to find the association between the targeted dependent and independent variables. Findings: Findings of the data collected showed that there was found a significant relationship (P<0.05) between increased apprehensions and community practical measures towards climate change, rural people settlement has increased pressure on natural resources, increased agro-forestry and awareness among the locals with the climate change effects on human lives. Moreover, there was also found a high negative significant relationship (P>0.05) between government has taken sufficient actions to avert the climate change, and government has the proper system to cope with hazardous situation, with climate change effects on human lives. Conclusion: As regards to the findings, it is suggested that there is need of awareness among the local population about the climate change and a felt need of increase the coordination between the local and international community to give a framework to mitigate the losses in the aftermath of climate change by prioritizing the issue of climate change on urgent basis.

ECONOMIC IMPEDIMENTS TO WOMEN POLITICAL STATUS IN DISTRICT DIR LOWER KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN, 2019

The major objective of the present study was to find out economic impediments to women political ... more The major objective of the present study was to find out economic impediments to women political status in District Dir Lower Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan. A sample size of 186 (Political office bearers) of different political organization was randomly selected from total population 714 from three selected Tehsils including, Adenzai, Samarbagh &Timergara. The data was analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, dependent variable was indexed and cross tabulated with independent variable. Chi-square test statistics was applied to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent variable respectively. The study explored that, a highly significant (P=0.000) association existed between control over family resources by a male has negatively affected women status(P=0.000) , women are mostly dependent on male in economic domain(P=0.000), bread owner's duty is assigned to male members of a society(P=0.000), women are asked to do household chores which is often overlooked to be payable(P=0.000), poverty impedes women from political participation(P=0.000) lack of economic sources by female are one of the reason of their indictment(P=0.000), women can't campaign without men's well in economic and social terms(P=0.000) and women wage work is to be encouraged by men in Pukhtun society (P=0.000) with women political status. The study concluded that male were enjoying a complete hegemony right from household management to political participation, and the study also extended some of the recommendations.

EXPLORING THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF FEMALE SUICIDE IN DISTRICT CHITRAL, PAKISTAN, 2019

The study titled exploring the social determinants of female suicide in district Chitral, Pakista... more The study titled exploring the social determinants of female suicide in district Chitral, Pakistan was conducting with the sole aim of exploring the various social and cultural factors responsible for women suicide. A sample size of 165 out 534 female graduate students' from seven girls degree collages were randomly selected. A conceptual frame work comprising independent variable social determinants was cross tabulated with dependent variable "female suicide" through the application of χ2-test-statistics. The study found that, freedom of choice for male ignorance of parents with regards to children feelings (p<0.05); family dispute terming female suicide on accident (p<0.05); patriarchal family system leads towards suicide (p<0.05); suicide as ancestral familial event with lesser social condemnation was found significantly (p<0.05) related to female suicide. The study concluded that, parent's ignorant attitudes regarding committing suicide as an ancestral phenomena to be pure familial in nature. It was found as an outcome of patriarchal norms, and people were reluctant in coaxing it as antisocial norms. Parental education on women needs and rights and exploring the very causes committing suicide by the law enforcing agencies were put forward as possible remedies for the containment of this social/religious and moral taboo.

Familial Impediments to Women Political Status in Pukhtun Society, 2018

The major objective of the present study was to examine familial impediments to women political s... more The major objective of the present study was to examine familial impediments to women political status in District Dir Lower Khyber pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan. A sample size of 186 (Political office bearers) of different political organization was randomly selected from total population 714. Out of total 7 tehsils three tehsils were selected namely “Adenzii, Samarbagh and Timergara” as universe of the study. A conceptual frame work comprises of dependent variable “women political status” and independent variable’s “familial impediments”. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, dependent variable was indexed and cross tabulated with independent variable. Chi-square test statistics was applied to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent variable respectively. Similarly, in Bi-variate analysis, a highly significant (p=0.000) association was found between dependent variable (women political status) and independent variable indicators; family socializes people for power as a masculine trait in our culture; patriarchal family system do not allow women political mainstreaming; women involvement in politics is considered detrimental to family structure; women restriction to politics in family is done to male hegemony; and people impede women not to participate as to ensure continuity of
centuries old traditions. The study concluded that family as an institution is responsible for role allocation. However, restricting this role for women is centermost to revising the process of growth and development at micro and macro level. Exposure of women to mainstreaming in politics could take uncap their potential to decline were extended some of the recommendations in the light of study.

Springer, 2023

Addressing the long-standing debate over the social impact of military politics and recent discus... more Addressing the long-standing debate over the social impact of military politics and recent discussions of food-induced famine resulting from military activities, a cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain the association between military politics in the purview of household food security from a sociological perspective. A structured interview schedule was used for taking primary data from 379 household heads in Torghar, Northern Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan through stratified sampling method. Further, Chi-square test statistics and correlation were used at bivariate level, while three background variables namely household budget allocation, monthly income and household composition were controlled to ascertain the association between military politics and food security at multivariate analysis. The study found that war on terror had threatened the efforts of establishing food secure environment, as militant tendencies and food security did not have any reinforcing effects rather paradoxical in nature. The existence of such environments were exploring toward imposing of the decision without the consent of the local population, which eroded the chances of greater public inclusion in the development initiatives. Moreover, such dynamics forced the locals to migrate internally as well. In addition, the local youth recruitment in such armed groups gave impetus to the rise of greater deviance, challenging the established social and cultural patterns of life while challenging the writ of the state as well. The rise of militant tendencies during the war on terror had the most significant impact on access to food in the study area. The government need to focus on addressing the social and economic aspects of these rising tendencies; provide a smooth access of the local youth to the job market by implementing specific quotas; and establish a strong surveillance system to address and control these tendencies was recommended.

Environment, Development and sustainability , 2023

Ensuring household food security and fighting hunger are global concerns. This research highlight... more Ensuring household food security and fighting hunger are global concerns. This research highlights factors affecting food security and solutions by utilizing a nexus of statistical and fuzzy mathematical models. A cross-sectional study was conducted in district Torghar, Northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, among 379 households through a structured interview schedule. Further, the data were coded into SPSS for analysis, i.e., descriptive, and inferential statistics. In a binary logistic regression model, the study explored that agricultural productivity lag, population growth, and climate change all had a negative impact on household food security (P = 0.000). In addition, these results were further crosschecked through spherical fuzzy mathematics. The fuzzy results revealed that population growth is the most powerful factor deteriorating the existing equilibrium of household food security in Torghar. The study concluded that climate change, population explosion, and agricultural production were the major factors behind the hunger in the study area. Thus, designing a synergy based on taking all these aforementioned realities into consideration is the need of the hour. If extended, a comprehensive model of addressing these anomalies with a solely objective-based approach may work as a panacea for all ills. Lastly, this study contributes to the food security literature by introducing a new approach that is more robust and flexible than existing methods.

Anthropology, 2018

The major objective of the present study was to examine familial impediments to women political s... more The major objective of the present study was to examine familial impediments to women political status in District Dir Lower Khyber pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan. A sample size of 186 (Political office bearers) of different political organization was randomly selected from total population 714. Out of total 7 tehsils three tehsils were selected namely "Adenzii, Samarbagh and Timergara" as universe of the study. A conceptual frame work comprises of dependent variable "women political status" and independent variable's "familial impediments". The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, dependent variable was indexed and cross tabulated with independent variable. Chi-square test statistics was applied to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent variable respectively. Similarly, in Bi-variate analysis, a highly significant (p=0.000) association was found between dependent variable (women political status) and independent variable indicators; family socializes people for power as a masculine trait in our culture; patriarchal family system do not allow women political mainstreaming; women involvement in politics is considered detrimental to family structure; women restriction to politics in family is done to male hegemony; and people impede women not to participate as to ensure continuity of centuries old traditions. The study concluded that family as an institution is responsible for role allocation. However, restricting this role for women is centermost to revising the process of growth and development at micro and macro level. Exposure of women to mainstreaming in politics could take uncap their potential to decline were extended some of the recommendations in the light of study.

Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 2021

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions an... more The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and Chitral Gole National Park (CGNP) role in preservation of bio-diversity and socio-economic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents was randomly selected from total population of 3326 from the 4 selected villages on the basis of close proximity. A conceptual framework including dependent variable social development and independent variable tourism development were taken. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between CGNP is main source of promoting tourism in Chitral,tourists do any impacts upon local community in terms of increased business activities, local culture is safeguarded despite influx of tourists in the area, tourism produced employment opportunities, and social development. Qualitative data supported the empirical findings, however tourism brings economic opportunities at micro and macro level, but unfortunately CGNP is not as satisfactory regarding generating income since its establishment. The government should ensure to make such polices pertaining to the entrance fee, provides accommodation services on payment to the tourists and to reserve the entrance fee or any other form of taxes to ensure CGNP to spend on self-sustaining basis by ensuring refinement in the procedures as well

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 2021

Purpose of the study: This study was designed to explore the socio-cultural impediments to female... more Purpose of the study: This study was designed to explore the socio-cultural impediments to females getting higher education in 1 pakhtun society. Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative research method was conducted in district Dir lower Pakistan. A wellstructured interviewed schedule (encompassing all the study attributes) was used for primary data collection from 375 female respondents after the pre-test procedure. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics(x 2 test) to ascertain the association between dependent (female higher education) and independent (sociocultural impediments) variables. Principal Findings: Based on the study results, a significant association (P=0.000) was found between the dependent variable and sociocultural attributes; the prevalence of patriarchal norms (P=0.00), preferences of early marriages (P=0.00), fear of sexual harassment (P=0.00), parents carelessness (P=0.00), Parda (veiling for women and protecting their honour) and lack of decision-making power (P=0.00) impedes women from getting their higher education. Applications of this study: Early marriage is a symbol of female exploitation under the man-made unwritten codes of conduct (Pukhtoonwali) which, should be banned through formal (legislation) and informal agencies (familial and religious) level; with a collaboration of educating female to ensure dethroning the partisan character in the form of patriarchal norms, which women faced since the dawn of the history. A slogan or any other campaign through mass media and print media is the order of the day. The government should ensure to play their role on macro and micro level to eliminate the negative stigmatization of women generally while in getting higher education particularly. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is an attempt to insight into the socio-cultural barriers to female attainment of higher education in pukhtun society through perceptional based study along with quantitative research designs to measure the association between the variables as mentioned above with an amalgamation of an addition to the existing stock of knowledge in the field of sociology of education.

Wildlife protection and social Development, 2018

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions an... more The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and ChitralGol National Park in preservation of biodiversity and socioeconomic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents (local people residents of buffer zone villages of CGNP) was randomly selected from total population of 3276 from the 4 purposively selected villages on the basis of close proximity namely Balach, Singore, Xang Bazar and Goledur study universe. A conceptual framework including dependent variable "social development" and independent variable Wildlife protection and development were devised. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-Square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between protection/conservation of wildlife is essential to friendly environment, wildlife increased with the establishment of CGNP (P=0.000), initiatives taken by the government for the conservation of endangered wildlife are enough (P=0.000), deforestation is dangerous for the wildlife of CGNP (P=0.000), local people face any problem from the wildlife of CGNP (P=0.000), medicinal plants in CGNP are also protected in conservation strategies (P=0.000),measures adopted by CGNP are effective in wildlife protection (P=0.000)and social development. More participation of community to protect wildlife and biodiversity and arrangement of refresher courses for the staff to acquaint them with the skill of protection regarding themselves and wildlife were extended some of the recommendations in light of the study findings.

The university of Agriculture Peshawar, 2020

The study entitled “an assessment of effects of climate change on human lives in context of local... more The study entitled “an assessment of effects of climate change on human lives in context of local
response to agricultural production was conducted in District Buner-Pakistan. Tehsil Gagra, out of the six
tehsils of district Bunir, constituted the universe of the study. A sample size of 370, was randomly selected
from the total population of 10142 through proportional allocation method. The conceptual framework
comprised of two study variables i.e “agriculture production” and “climate change effects on human life”.
To established association between the study variables the perception of climate change effect on human
life was indexed and cross tabulated with local response to agricultural production at bi-variate level, using
chi-square test statistics. The study found that climate change effects on human life had a highly significant
association (P=0.000) with greenhouse gases has decreased the agricultural productivity; climate change
has reduced the production of crops(P=0.000); soil erosion and landslides have increased(P=0.000); Due to
climate change forests, fruits and vegetables have become scarce(P=0.000); water logging and salinity has
affected the production of crops(P=0.000); and loss of agricultural productivity affecting the local economy
with effects on human lives. The study concluded that, climate change has drastically affected the agricultural
practices, resulting into low crop production, soil erosions and water logging salinity. Taking climate change
adaptation measure’s to minimize the impacts on agriculture and economy as well as policy formulation and
implementation to cut short the emission of greenhouse gases were major recommendations.

Tanzeem Asatiza pakistan Journal, 2019

The major objective of the present study was to examine religious impediments to women political ... more The major objective of the present study was to examine religious impediments to women political status in District Dir Lower Khyber pukhtoonkhwa. A sample size of 186 (Political office bearers) of different political organization was purposively selected from total population 714 from three selected Tehsils included "Adenzii, Samarbagh &Timergara" as universe of the study. A conceptual frame work comprises of dependent variable "women political status" and independent variable"s "religious impediments". The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, dependent variable was indexed and cross tabulated with independent variable. Chi-square test statistics was applied to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent variable respectively. The study concluded that religion (Islam) is the main institution devising the behavioral tendencies either to be wrong or right. A holistic study of gender based dynamics, if understood from the goggle of Islam in the review of equality and justice, may help in disseminating the true picture of both genders, participation in politic were put forwarded some of the recommendations in the light of study.

Children Drop Out from School, 2018

Drop out of children from school is among the social evils that hinder the development of the nat... more Drop out of children from school is among the social evils that hinder the development of the nation. Education is the fundamental factor of change and social development which is affect by the evil of drop out. Pakistan in general and rural societies in particular where the lack of check and balance of the parents in one side and other socioeconomic and political factors on other side effect schooling of children and encourage the customs of drop out. In this regard this research activity investigates the various aspects of drop out in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data has been collected with the help of interview schedule while the respondents has been selected using convenient sampling technique. The collected data has been analyzed with the help of SPSS version (16) in Univariate and Bivariate method. The findings of the study conclude that strict culture and patriarchy system in Pukhtoon deny girls education which is raising children dropout. The culture and tradition of a society have a significant influence on education. The strict cultural norms obstruct education in a way it resist change in the last it is suggested that already existing environment of misunderstanding respective generation should be eliminated by a social debate based on mental understanding. The teacher should be more congenial in delivering his lecture to students.

Economic constraints to female higher education In Pukhtun Society, 2019

The present study entitled economic constraints to female in getting higher education was conduct... more The present study entitled economic constraints to female in getting higher education was conducted in union council balamabat district Dir lower Pakistan, to explore the economic anomalies which affect female higher education negatively. A sample size stood of 375 was selected by using purposive sampling techniques. The data was collected from both sexes through a well designed data collection tool questionnaire. Frequency and percentage distribution and chi square test was used to ascertain the association between dependent 'female higher education' and independent variable 'economic constraints' by using SPSS software. The study found that, a highly significant association (p=0.000) was found between dependent and independent variables indicators, the prevalence of poverty; lack of scholarships and loan by the government; inadequate budget allocation; expensive educational system and economic supremacy of male members of a society over women negatively affects women higher education. An immediate steps up is the order of the day by the government to increase the

Effects of Climate Change on Human Behaviour: A People Perspective, 2019

Aim: Climate change effects are not limited to a single sector of life but it has far reaching ef... more Aim: Climate change effects are not limited to a single sector of life but it has far reaching effects on behaviour and attitudes of a person or community in a holistic manner. With passing time, climate change is showing its unpleasant consequences in one form or another. Human behaviour has a significant importance in altering and modifying the atrocities of climate change. Methodology: In this research paper, Tehsil Gagra of District Buner Pakistan was selected to analyze the human behaviour as an independent variable and climate change effects on local people lives as a dependent variable. Out of 3 Union Councils (UC), 2 were randomly selected and from both the UCs 370 respondents were taken as a total sample size. Data was collected from the local respondents through interviews, & collected data was analyzed through medium of central dispersion, univariate and bivariate statistical techniques. Chi-Square test was used to find the association between the targeted dependent and independent variables. Findings: Findings of the data collected showed that there was found a significant relationship (P<0.05) between increased apprehensions and community practical measures towards climate change, rural people settlement has increased pressure on natural resources, increased agro-forestry and awareness among the locals with the climate change effects on human lives. Moreover, there was also found a high negative significant relationship (P>0.05) between government has taken sufficient actions to avert the climate change, and government has the proper system to cope with hazardous situation, with climate change effects on human lives. Conclusion: As regards to the findings, it is suggested that there is need of awareness among the local population about the climate change and a felt need of increase the coordination between the local and international community to give a framework to mitigate the losses in the aftermath of climate change by prioritizing the issue of climate change on urgent basis.

ECONOMIC IMPEDIMENTS TO WOMEN POLITICAL STATUS IN DISTRICT DIR LOWER KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN, 2019

The major objective of the present study was to find out economic impediments to women political ... more The major objective of the present study was to find out economic impediments to women political status in District Dir Lower Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan. A sample size of 186 (Political office bearers) of different political organization was randomly selected from total population 714 from three selected Tehsils including, Adenzai, Samarbagh &Timergara. The data was analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, dependent variable was indexed and cross tabulated with independent variable. Chi-square test statistics was applied to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent variable respectively. The study explored that, a highly significant (P=0.000) association existed between control over family resources by a male has negatively affected women status(P=0.000) , women are mostly dependent on male in economic domain(P=0.000), bread owner's duty is assigned to male members of a society(P=0.000), women are asked to do household chores which is often overlooked to be payable(P=0.000), poverty impedes women from political participation(P=0.000) lack of economic sources by female are one of the reason of their indictment(P=0.000), women can't campaign without men's well in economic and social terms(P=0.000) and women wage work is to be encouraged by men in Pukhtun society (P=0.000) with women political status. The study concluded that male were enjoying a complete hegemony right from household management to political participation, and the study also extended some of the recommendations.

EXPLORING THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF FEMALE SUICIDE IN DISTRICT CHITRAL, PAKISTAN, 2019

The study titled exploring the social determinants of female suicide in district Chitral, Pakista... more The study titled exploring the social determinants of female suicide in district Chitral, Pakistan was conducting with the sole aim of exploring the various social and cultural factors responsible for women suicide. A sample size of 165 out 534 female graduate students' from seven girls degree collages were randomly selected. A conceptual frame work comprising independent variable social determinants was cross tabulated with dependent variable "female suicide" through the application of χ2-test-statistics. The study found that, freedom of choice for male ignorance of parents with regards to children feelings (p<0.05); family dispute terming female suicide on accident (p<0.05); patriarchal family system leads towards suicide (p<0.05); suicide as ancestral familial event with lesser social condemnation was found significantly (p<0.05) related to female suicide. The study concluded that, parent's ignorant attitudes regarding committing suicide as an ancestral phenomena to be pure familial in nature. It was found as an outcome of patriarchal norms, and people were reluctant in coaxing it as antisocial norms. Parental education on women needs and rights and exploring the very causes committing suicide by the law enforcing agencies were put forward as possible remedies for the containment of this social/religious and moral taboo.

Familial Impediments to Women Political Status in Pukhtun Society, 2018

The major objective of the present study was to examine familial impediments to women political s... more The major objective of the present study was to examine familial impediments to women political status in District Dir Lower Khyber pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan. A sample size of 186 (Political office bearers) of different political organization was randomly selected from total population 714. Out of total 7 tehsils three tehsils were selected namely “Adenzii, Samarbagh and Timergara” as universe of the study. A conceptual frame work comprises of dependent variable “women political status” and independent variable’s “familial impediments”. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, dependent variable was indexed and cross tabulated with independent variable. Chi-square test statistics was applied to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent variable respectively. Similarly, in Bi-variate analysis, a highly significant (p=0.000) association was found between dependent variable (women political status) and independent variable indicators; family socializes people for power as a masculine trait in our culture; patriarchal family system do not allow women political mainstreaming; women involvement in politics is considered detrimental to family structure; women restriction to politics in family is done to male hegemony; and people impede women not to participate as to ensure continuity of
centuries old traditions. The study concluded that family as an institution is responsible for role allocation. However, restricting this role for women is centermost to revising the process of growth and development at micro and macro level. Exposure of women to mainstreaming in politics could take uncap their potential to decline were extended some of the recommendations in the light of study.