TAKATA TOKIO | Kyoto University (original) (raw)

Papers by TAKATA TOKIO

Письменные памятники Востока, 2021

It has been recognized so far that sound change was not used in order to avoid using a taboo char... more It has been recognized so far that sound change was not used in order to avoid using a taboo character. Nevertheless, we find examples that suggest that there was indeed a habit of changing sounds to avoid using taboo characters in speech. Such sound changes can be seen not only in the case of state taboo, i.e., avoidance of the given names of emperors, but also in the case of secular taboo, e.g., sound changes of the vocabularies for genitals practiced in the Buddhist society. Interesting enough, these sound changes were not a case of temporary substitution but were used as one of the stable pronunciations of the characters.

Словари кяхтинского пиджина : перевод с китайского, публикация, транскрипция, исследование и приложения

Pishhmennye Pamyatniki Vostoka, 2021

It has been recognized so far that sound change was not used in order to avoid using a taboo char... more It has been recognized so far that sound change was not used in order to avoid using a taboo character. Nevertheless, we find examples that suggest that there was indeed a habit of changing sounds to avoid using taboo characters in speech. Such sound changes can be seen not only in the case of state taboo, i.e., avoidance of the given names of emperors, but also in the case of secular taboo, e.g., sound changes of the vocabularies for genitals practiced in the Buddhist society. Interesting enough, these sound changes were not a case of temporary substitution but were used as one of the stable pronunciations of the characters.

Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko No.79, 2021

Vocabularies of Chinese Pidgin Russian for Kiakhta Trade In: Studia Orientalia Slovaca. 19.2 (2020), pp. 17-62

The Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang (786–848) had an inevitable influence on the social life of th... more The Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang (786–848) had an inevitable influence on the social life of the Chinese inhabitants. The manuscripts, both Chinese texts written in Tibetan script and Tibetan texts recognized as being for use by Chinese people, indicate the existence of a "Tibeto-Chinese community" in Dunhuang. This assertion can be supported by Chinese poems, transcribed in Tibetan script, as well as by association (Chin. she 社) documents and texts on the Chinese Five Surnames theory written in Tibetan. This article puts its focus on when and how this Tibeto-Chinese community was formed, and how long it had lasted. The Tibeto-Chinese community remained in existence even as far as the Guiyijun period (from 848 until the beginning of the 11th c., 歸義軍), which can be observed through two-time varying systems of Tibetan transcription of Chinese characters—one is the dialect of Chang‘an (長安) and the other is the local dialect of Dunhuang (敦煌), a variety of the North-Western d...

Ein chinesischer Turfan-Text mit uigurischen phonetischen Glossen

Altorientalische Forschungen, 1993

Unter den Manuskripten der Berliner Turfan-Sammlung befindet sich ein fragmentarischer chinesisch... more Unter den Manuskripten der Berliner Turfan-Sammlung befindet sich ein fragmentarischer chinesischer Text mit interlinearen phonetischen Glossen in uigurischer Schrift. Dieses Manuskript mit der Standortsignatur Ch 2931 wurde, wie die Fundortsignatur Τ II Τ 1566 ausweist, während der Zweiten TurfanExpedition (1904-05) in Toyoq gefunden. Aufgrund der starken Zerstörung des Fragments ist nur der obere Teil von 7 Textzeilen erhalten. Der hier zu veröffentlichende Text wurde auf der ungenutzten Rückseite eines chinesischen buddhistischen Textes geschrieben (siehe Abb. 1), der wegen des fragmentarischen Erhaltungszustandes nicht identifiziert werden konnte. Die Maße des Fragments betragen 15 cm χ 10 cm (siehe Abb. 2). Die Höhe des Originalblattes könnte, ausgehend von dem buddhistischen Text auf der Vorderseite, ca. 28-30 cm betragen haben. Diese Annahme führt weiter zu der Vermutung, daß jede Zeile ursprünglich dreimal soviele Schriftzeichen enthielt wie heute. Unabhängig von der Datierung des benutzten Papiers selbst, gehen wir aufgrund des stark kursiven Charakters der uigurischen Schrift und der mit einer Rohrfeder mangelhaft geschriebenen chinesischen Zeichen davon aus, daß dieser Text der Yuan-Zeit zuzuordnen ist. Wie allgemein bekannt, existieren unter den Dunhuang-Manuskripten mehrere chinesische Texte mit tibetischen phonetischen Glossen, die das historische Studium der chinesischen Phonologie wesentlich beförderten. In dieser Hinsicht stellen auch die uigurischen phonetischen Glossen, trotz ihres fragmentarischen Charakters, ein wertvolles Material dar. Weit wichtiger jedoch ist die Tatsache, daß sie den Gebrauch einer uigurischen Aussprache für chinesische Zeichen in der Yuan-Zeit belegen.

Письменные памятники Востока, 2021

The Da Tang Xiyu ji (Тhe Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) was translated into Tibetan b... more The Da Tang Xiyu ji (Тhe Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) was translated into Tibetan by the Mongolian scholar Gombojab (Mgon-po-skyabs) of the Qing dynasty (16441912), using the original Chinese text of the Qianlong Tripitaka, also called the Dragon Tripitaka. In the manuscript copy kept at Otani University (Kyoto), interlinear explanatory notes of the contemporary place names are found. The notes on the Central Asian place names might reflect the new geographical knowledge that Chinese society obtained after Qianlongs campaigns against the Dzungars. In the present paper, the author discusses some of these notes. As the notes are not accurate and contain much misunderstanding, it is hard to use them as research sources. Nevertheless, they reveal the scope of knowledge of the time and deserve attention.

Dunhuang Research, 2013

In medieval China,the North-Western dialect was considered to be an important part of the Chinese... more In medieval China,the North-Western dialect was considered to be an important part of the Chinese language.This dialect was popular in a vast area that extended across the Western Regions of China and played an important role as an indispensable medium in cultural exchanges between Chinese and Central Asian ethnic groups.As a result,Chinese words were found in the texts of ancient Central Asian languages such as Tibetan,Sogdian,Khotanese and Uighur that were found in Dunhuang,Turfan,and other Central Asian sites.These words generally exhibited the features of North-Western dialect.However,considering the enormously large territory over which it was spoken,it can be easily imagined that the North-Western dialect has spawned many variations.Absent reliable information on the phonological systems,less attention has been paid to such variations.This paper attempts to point out the existence of systematic and significant variations among the ancient North-Western dialects by using Tibeta...

BuddhistRoad Paper 6.1. Special Issue: Ancient Central Asian Networks, ed. Erika Forte. “Tibetan Dominion over Dunhuang and the Formation of a Tibeto–Chinese Community”

The Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang (786–848) had an inevitable influence on the social life of th... more The Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang (786–848) had an inevitable influence on the social life of the Chinese inhabitants. The manuscripts, both Chinese texts written in Tibetan script and Tibetan texts recognized as being for use by Chinese people, indicate the existence of a 'Tibeto-Chinese community' in Dunhuang. This assertion can be supported by Chinese poems, transcribed in Tibetan script, as well as by association (Chin. she 社) documents and texts on the Chinese Five Surnames theory written in Tibetan. This article puts its focus on when and how this Tibeto-Chinese community was formed, and how long it had lasted. The Tibeto-Chinese community remained in existence even as far as the Guiyijun period (from 848 until the beginning of the 11th c., 歸義軍), which can be observed through two-time varying systems of Tibetan transcription of Chinese characters—one is the dialect of Chang‘an (長安) and the other is the local dialect of Dunhuang (敦煌), a variety of the North-Western dia...

Note sur le dialecte chinois de la r�gion du Hexi aux IXe-Xe si�cles

Note sur le dialecte chinois de la r�gion du Hexi aux IXe-Xe si�cles

Письменные памятники Востока, 2021

It has been recognized so far that sound change was not used in order to avoid using a taboo char... more It has been recognized so far that sound change was not used in order to avoid using a taboo character. Nevertheless, we find examples that suggest that there was indeed a habit of changing sounds to avoid using taboo characters in speech. Such sound changes can be seen not only in the case of state taboo, i.e., avoidance of the given names of emperors, but also in the case of secular taboo, e.g., sound changes of the vocabularies for genitals practiced in the Buddhist society. Interesting enough, these sound changes were not a case of temporary substitution but were used as one of the stable pronunciations of the characters.

Словари кяхтинского пиджина : перевод с китайского, публикация, транскрипция, исследование и приложения

Pishhmennye Pamyatniki Vostoka, 2021

It has been recognized so far that sound change was not used in order to avoid using a taboo char... more It has been recognized so far that sound change was not used in order to avoid using a taboo character. Nevertheless, we find examples that suggest that there was indeed a habit of changing sounds to avoid using taboo characters in speech. Such sound changes can be seen not only in the case of state taboo, i.e., avoidance of the given names of emperors, but also in the case of secular taboo, e.g., sound changes of the vocabularies for genitals practiced in the Buddhist society. Interesting enough, these sound changes were not a case of temporary substitution but were used as one of the stable pronunciations of the characters.

Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko No.79, 2021

Vocabularies of Chinese Pidgin Russian for Kiakhta Trade In: Studia Orientalia Slovaca. 19.2 (2020), pp. 17-62

The Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang (786–848) had an inevitable influence on the social life of th... more The Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang (786–848) had an inevitable influence on the social life of the Chinese inhabitants. The manuscripts, both Chinese texts written in Tibetan script and Tibetan texts recognized as being for use by Chinese people, indicate the existence of a "Tibeto-Chinese community" in Dunhuang. This assertion can be supported by Chinese poems, transcribed in Tibetan script, as well as by association (Chin. she 社) documents and texts on the Chinese Five Surnames theory written in Tibetan. This article puts its focus on when and how this Tibeto-Chinese community was formed, and how long it had lasted. The Tibeto-Chinese community remained in existence even as far as the Guiyijun period (from 848 until the beginning of the 11th c., 歸義軍), which can be observed through two-time varying systems of Tibetan transcription of Chinese characters—one is the dialect of Chang‘an (長安) and the other is the local dialect of Dunhuang (敦煌), a variety of the North-Western d...

Ein chinesischer Turfan-Text mit uigurischen phonetischen Glossen

Altorientalische Forschungen, 1993

Unter den Manuskripten der Berliner Turfan-Sammlung befindet sich ein fragmentarischer chinesisch... more Unter den Manuskripten der Berliner Turfan-Sammlung befindet sich ein fragmentarischer chinesischer Text mit interlinearen phonetischen Glossen in uigurischer Schrift. Dieses Manuskript mit der Standortsignatur Ch 2931 wurde, wie die Fundortsignatur Τ II Τ 1566 ausweist, während der Zweiten TurfanExpedition (1904-05) in Toyoq gefunden. Aufgrund der starken Zerstörung des Fragments ist nur der obere Teil von 7 Textzeilen erhalten. Der hier zu veröffentlichende Text wurde auf der ungenutzten Rückseite eines chinesischen buddhistischen Textes geschrieben (siehe Abb. 1), der wegen des fragmentarischen Erhaltungszustandes nicht identifiziert werden konnte. Die Maße des Fragments betragen 15 cm χ 10 cm (siehe Abb. 2). Die Höhe des Originalblattes könnte, ausgehend von dem buddhistischen Text auf der Vorderseite, ca. 28-30 cm betragen haben. Diese Annahme führt weiter zu der Vermutung, daß jede Zeile ursprünglich dreimal soviele Schriftzeichen enthielt wie heute. Unabhängig von der Datierung des benutzten Papiers selbst, gehen wir aufgrund des stark kursiven Charakters der uigurischen Schrift und der mit einer Rohrfeder mangelhaft geschriebenen chinesischen Zeichen davon aus, daß dieser Text der Yuan-Zeit zuzuordnen ist. Wie allgemein bekannt, existieren unter den Dunhuang-Manuskripten mehrere chinesische Texte mit tibetischen phonetischen Glossen, die das historische Studium der chinesischen Phonologie wesentlich beförderten. In dieser Hinsicht stellen auch die uigurischen phonetischen Glossen, trotz ihres fragmentarischen Charakters, ein wertvolles Material dar. Weit wichtiger jedoch ist die Tatsache, daß sie den Gebrauch einer uigurischen Aussprache für chinesische Zeichen in der Yuan-Zeit belegen.

Письменные памятники Востока, 2021

The Da Tang Xiyu ji (Тhe Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) was translated into Tibetan b... more The Da Tang Xiyu ji (Тhe Great Tang Records on the Western Regions) was translated into Tibetan by the Mongolian scholar Gombojab (Mgon-po-skyabs) of the Qing dynasty (16441912), using the original Chinese text of the Qianlong Tripitaka, also called the Dragon Tripitaka. In the manuscript copy kept at Otani University (Kyoto), interlinear explanatory notes of the contemporary place names are found. The notes on the Central Asian place names might reflect the new geographical knowledge that Chinese society obtained after Qianlongs campaigns against the Dzungars. In the present paper, the author discusses some of these notes. As the notes are not accurate and contain much misunderstanding, it is hard to use them as research sources. Nevertheless, they reveal the scope of knowledge of the time and deserve attention.

Dunhuang Research, 2013

In medieval China,the North-Western dialect was considered to be an important part of the Chinese... more In medieval China,the North-Western dialect was considered to be an important part of the Chinese language.This dialect was popular in a vast area that extended across the Western Regions of China and played an important role as an indispensable medium in cultural exchanges between Chinese and Central Asian ethnic groups.As a result,Chinese words were found in the texts of ancient Central Asian languages such as Tibetan,Sogdian,Khotanese and Uighur that were found in Dunhuang,Turfan,and other Central Asian sites.These words generally exhibited the features of North-Western dialect.However,considering the enormously large territory over which it was spoken,it can be easily imagined that the North-Western dialect has spawned many variations.Absent reliable information on the phonological systems,less attention has been paid to such variations.This paper attempts to point out the existence of systematic and significant variations among the ancient North-Western dialects by using Tibeta...

BuddhistRoad Paper 6.1. Special Issue: Ancient Central Asian Networks, ed. Erika Forte. “Tibetan Dominion over Dunhuang and the Formation of a Tibeto–Chinese Community”

The Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang (786–848) had an inevitable influence on the social life of th... more The Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang (786–848) had an inevitable influence on the social life of the Chinese inhabitants. The manuscripts, both Chinese texts written in Tibetan script and Tibetan texts recognized as being for use by Chinese people, indicate the existence of a 'Tibeto-Chinese community' in Dunhuang. This assertion can be supported by Chinese poems, transcribed in Tibetan script, as well as by association (Chin. she 社) documents and texts on the Chinese Five Surnames theory written in Tibetan. This article puts its focus on when and how this Tibeto-Chinese community was formed, and how long it had lasted. The Tibeto-Chinese community remained in existence even as far as the Guiyijun period (from 848 until the beginning of the 11th c., 歸義軍), which can be observed through two-time varying systems of Tibetan transcription of Chinese characters—one is the dialect of Chang‘an (長安) and the other is the local dialect of Dunhuang (敦煌), a variety of the North-Western dia...

Note sur le dialecte chinois de la r�gion du Hexi aux IXe-Xe si�cles

Note sur le dialecte chinois de la r�gion du Hexi aux IXe-Xe si�cles