Katja Lembke | Lower Saxony State Museum (original) (raw)

Papers by Katja Lembke

Forum Classicum 2, 2024

Bedeutende archäologische Denkmäler in westlichen Museen stehen heute im Zentrum einer Debatte um... more Bedeutende archäologische Denkmäler in westlichen Museen stehen heute im Zentrum einer Debatte um Recht, Ethik und Politik: Wer hat einen berechtigten Anspruch auf ihren Besitz, wer darf sie sein Eigentum nennen? Am Beispiel des Pergamonaltars in Berlin, der Elgin Marbles vom Athener Parthenon in London und des Frieses von Gölbaşi Trysa in Wien soll die Komplexität der Diskussion aufgezeigt werden. Dabei wird ein Versuch unternommen, Differenzen zum ethnologischen Kulturgut und künftige Möglichkeiten des Umgangs mit den Archaeologica aufzuzeigen.
In der Lehramtsausbildung und im Unterricht bietet sich daraus die Chance, aus vernetztem Denken vernetztes Lernen zu entwickeln: Die Sprache ist wie das Kunstgut Teil des antiken Erbes und diese Kontextualisierung bietet Lernenden einen leichteren Zugang. Außerdem lassen sich antike Texte wie Ciceros Rede gegen Verres konkret auf solche Debatten übertragen. Dieses Beispiel zeigt exemplarisch, dass die Aneignung von Kunst als Zeichen von Herrschaft bereits in der Antike gebräuchlich war. Schließlich verleiht der Streit um Kulturgüter der griechisch-römischen Kultur eine aktuelle Relevanz, die auch politische Auswirkungen hat.

Faszination Antike Eine Anthologie, hrsgg. von Christoph Begass – Matthias Steinhart, 2024

Andreas Eckl and Matthias Häussler with Martha Akawa (eds.), An Unresolved Issue: Genocide in Colonial Namibia, 2024

Shampapi Shiremo and Kletus Likuwa asserted that the Vashambyu under the command of Prince Kanyet... more Shampapi Shiremo and Kletus Likuwa asserted that the Vashambyu under the command of Prince Kanyetu, heroically defended the Malyo Island before they were overpowered. And that they inflicted so heavy a casualty on the BaTawana army that Kgosi Sekgoma got furious to the extent that he vowed to take revenge on Hompa Nyangana who drew him into such an armed conflict. Supporting this line of history are Richard Mavara Hashipara (Interview, 1999) and Frans Josef Haushiku (1995, 36). Dr. Maria Fisch (2007, 120) also asserted this line of history as the main possible reason why the BaTawana descended upon the Vagciriku at Shantjefu. Among others, citing the then Vagciriku leader, Hompa Linus Shashipapo (1945-1984), Fisch was told that the loss among the ranks of the BaTawana army, especially amongst Yeyi recruits, was very high indeed, that their casualties are said to have outnumbered those of the Shambyu. Fisch writes that now anger and disappointment were vented in Tawana's outcry, that they angrily remarked, "It was Nyangana who brought this ill-fortune upon us. Our people fell in battle for his cause. He shall pay for this." 24 This line of history suggests that the BaTawana only decided to attack the Vagciriku after the battle of Malyo Island but not before. On the contrary, this school of thought is then contradicted by a BaTawana soldier, Shankadi (probably Sankandi) who never reached Malyo Island. As learned earlier, he'd to remain behind in Gciriku because he fell sick while the others went ahead to attack the Vashambyu at Malyo Island. This Muyeyi man informed an important royal-consort, namely Makanga, that the BaTawana planned to attack the Vagciriku upon their return from Malyo. 25 Shankadi's information suggests that the attack on the Vagciriku was planned in Ngamiland, not at Malyo on the Kwito River as it is proclaimed in oral tradition [that proclaims the vengeance factor as the main contributing factor to the Lishora Massacre]. As it appears in the versions recorded amongst the Vagciriku, the Vashambyu version on the Lishora Massacre heaps the blame solely on Hompa Nyangana. In a way, the Vashambyu version seems to justify the BaTawana's massacre of the Vagciriku, as Hompa Nyangana had invited the trouble on himself and his people by inviting the BaTawana. However, contemporary BaTawana sources on the Lishora Massacre not only discounted the fact that Hompa Nyangana ever invited them, but also that they suffered heavy casualties at the hands of Prince Kanyetu. For instance, though admitting that the Vashambyu were found prepared, the BaTawana's own statement regarding the Kanyetu saga did not acknowledge that they suffered heavy casualties on their side. The BaTawana's version of the Malyo Island says: So, Sekhome (Sekgoma) found the people prepared, the women and children sent away, and only the men at home. Sekhome's army surrounded the town during the night, and at dawn they opened their attack on the town, and killed a great many 24 Fisch: 'Military Campaign', p. 120

Gabrielle Kremer – Eduard Pollhammer – Julia Kopf – Franziska Beutler (Hrsg.), ZEIT(EN) DES UMBRUCHS Akten des 17. Internationalen Kolloquiums zum provinzialrömischen Kunstschaffen Wien – Carnuntum, 16.–21. Mai 2022, 2024

Unlike other provinces of the imperium Romanum, Egypt shows great perseverance on the part of loc... more Unlike other provinces of the imperium Romanum, Egypt shows great perseverance on the part of local priests and officials, who adhered to dynastic traditions both stylistically and iconographically. Thus, the absent pharaoh/emperor was continuously present on temple reliefs and stelae until the 4th century in order to guarantee the ritual. For this reason, the damnatio memoriae was also only incompletely implemented in Egypt. While the Ptolemies needed the clergy to secure their rule, the image of the Roman pharaoh served cult continuity and the Egyptian priests’ raison d'être.
Between 30 BC and the 5th century AD, the quantitative and qualitative focus of the monuments related to the state lies at the beginning of Roman rule. Geographically, they are concentrated in Alexandria and Upper Egypt. The radical break that the new Roman rule brought is evident in both the Roman and Egyptian contexts, as will be shown with a few examples.

Diliana Atanassova, Frank Feder, Heike Sternberg-el Hotabi (edd.), Pharaonen, Mönche und Gelehrte: Auf dem Pilgerweg durch 5000 Jahre ägyptische Geschichte über drei Kontinente. Heike Behlmer zum 65. Geburtstag. Texte und Studien zur Koptischen Bibel 4, pp. 489-507, 2023

The Severan tondo in the Antikensammlung Berlin is the only existing painted portrait of a Roman ... more The Severan tondo in the Antikensammlung Berlin is the only existing painted portrait of a Roman emperor. Where it came from, however, is unknown. According to its preservation, the technique of the painting and the history of discoveries of mummy portraits in Egypt, the thesis is formulated here that the Severan tondo once belonged to the furnishings of the Kaisareion of Philadelphia on the eastern edge of the Fayyum, was donated during the journey of the imperial family in 199/200 and remodelled on the occasion of Caracalla's second visit to Egypt. In addition to Geta's etching, the frame with the panel underneath was probably removed on this occasion, as the picture area was trimmed in antiquity. Presumably the painting was part of the wall decoration as imago clipeata.

R. El-Sayed – K. C. Lakomy (edd.), Von Panopolis bis ans ‚Ende der Welt‘. Festschrift für Klaus Peter Kuhlmann zum 80. Geburtstag überreicht von Freunden und Weggefährten. Studia Panopolitana. Occasional Paper 5, pp. 307-317, 2023

It was not until the early 19th century after the Napoleonic campaign that Egypt was considered a... more It was not until the early 19th century after the Napoleonic campaign that Egypt was considered a safe destination. Greece, too, was accessible only to the daring until its independence in 1830. Until then, encounters with the classical art of Greece as well as with the culture of Ancient Egypt took place exclusively in Italy, especially in Rome. Johann Joachim Winckelmann described the seemingly „noble simplicity and quiet grandeur“ of the Roman copies of Greek works, while Egypt was encountered in the form of the originals made of hard stone, which were brought to Italy from Alexandria and the Nile Valley during the Roman Empire. Thus, during the 18th century, a cultural division of ‘white’ and ‘black’ developed in Rome that shaped notions of Orient and Occident until the 20th century. Klaus Peter Kuhlmann is to be acknowledged for having now opened another door to understanding the cultural contacts between West and East with his exploration of research at the Oasis of Sīwa.

Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, 2006

Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, 1998

MDAIK 76/77, 211-226, 2020

While incineration was a form of punishment during the pharaonic period, the ritual became more c... more While incineration was a form of punishment during the pharaonic period, the ritual became more common in Ptolemaic times. Burning of the corpse, however, was practised in Greek settlements only. As a consequence, the urns called Hadra vases were found to a great extent in Alexandria, but until now they were not recorded further south. The hypogeum with a Hadra vase dating to the early Ptolemaic Period excavated recently in Tuna el-Gebel by the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities is therefore of the utmost significance testifying the Greek community living at Hermopolis during the 3rd century BC.

Metropolis vs. Nekropolis. Stadt und Nekropole in ptolemäisch-römischer Zeit am Beispiel von Hermopolis in: H. Köpp-Junk (Hrsg.), Stadtleben im Alten Ägypten. Alltag und Gemeinschaft in pharaonischer Zeit (Darmstadt 2022) 76-91, 2022

Als ‚Metropolis‘ bezeichneten die Griechen die jeweiligen Gauhauptstädte. Bereits seit dem Alten ... more Als ‚Metropolis‘ bezeichneten die Griechen die jeweiligen Gauhauptstädte. Bereits seit dem Alten Reich war das ägyptische Chemenu, das die Griechen Hermopolis nannten, die Hauptstadt des 15. oberägyptischen Gaus. Wie veränderte sich nun diese ‚Metropolis‘ unter den fremden Herrschern? Und in welcher Beziehung stehen diese Veränderungen zu dem Kultzentrum und der Nekropole am Wüstenrand bei dem Dorf Tuna el-Gebel, rund 10 Kilometer westlich der Stadt? In vier Zeitabschnitten wird im Folgenden diese Entwicklung analysiert, beginnend bei den Nachfolgern Alexanders des Großen im späten 4. Jh. v. Chr., unter den frühen Ptolemäern im 3. Jh. v. Chr., unter römischer Herrschaft und in der Spätantike.

A beautiful burial at Tuna el-Gebel. Burial customs and commemorative culture from the Ptolemies to the Romans in: M.-D. Nenna – S. Huber – W. Van Andriga (eds.), Constituer la tombe, honorer les défunts en Mediterranée antique (Alexandria 2018) 141-162, 2018

Although many illicit excavations and lootings took place at Tuna el-Gebel, although even most of... more Although many illicit excavations and lootings took place at Tuna el-Gebel, although even most of the official excavations lack information, the actual site still offers some clues regarding the rituals during the funeral and later visits at the tomb. In this paper we focus on the architecture and the mobile objects found near or in the tombs in order to reconstruct the commemorative culture of a Middle Egyptian metropolis during the Roman period.
Obviously, some of the mummies were presented in a standing position after the funeral processions, others were placed on klinai inside the house-tombs. Only very few objects attest grave goods for the deceased, while most of the inventory belongs to rituals at the tombs, especially cooking ware for meals. Combined with architectural installations they reveal a long and continuous reverence of the deceased by the descendants.

Tradition and Transformation. Egypt under Roman Rule

From an early date, Khemenu, the Greek Hermupolis magna, was the capital of the 15th Nome of Uppe... more From an early date, Khemenu, the Greek Hermupolis magna, was the capital of the 15th Nome of Upper Egypt, and an important religious centre on the borders of Upper and Lower Egypt. This chapter first focuses on three types of tombs: the first one consists of stone buildings called 'temples'; the second type is built with mud bricks and burnt bricks; and thirdly, there are tomb pillars of different sizes made of stone or mud bricks. Considering the architecture of the stone 'temples' and the mud brick 'houses' one can observe a development from a T-shape construction to rectangular buildings with two rooms. During 2007 and 2008, a team of geophysicists from Kiel University who surveyed the site of Tuna el-Gebel found that the borderlines of the Petosiris-Necropolis that were unknown so far are clearly visible. Keywords: Lower Egypt; Petosiris-Necropolis; Tuna el-Gebel; Upper Egypt

Damaszener Mitteilungen, 1998

L'auteur s'interesse a la representation hieroglyphique du faucon dans une barque dont l&... more L'auteur s'interesse a la representation hieroglyphique du faucon dans une barque dont l'interpretation est controversee. Ce signe se trouve, entre-autres, sur le cote droit du siege de la statue N°15700 du musee de Berlin. Selon l'auteur, cette statue, consideree jusqu'ici comme etant le portrait de Chertihotep, representerait en fait Nemtihotep et daterait de la fin de la 12e ou du debut de la 13e Dynastie.

Damaszener Mitteilungen, 2000

Göttinger Miszellen. Beiträge zur ägyptologischen …, 1995

Lembke, Katja (Hrsg.): best of: 111 Geschichten aus dem Weltenmuseum, Heidelberg: arthistoricum.net, 2020, 2020

Warum sind die Fische im Pazifik bunter als ihre Verwandten in Nord- und Ostsee? Gab es in Nieder... more Warum sind die Fische im Pazifik bunter als ihre Verwandten in Nord- und Ostsee? Gab es in Niedersachsen Dinosaurier? Wo lebten die ersten Menschen? Wie begann die Globalisierung, und seit wann gibt es eigentlich Kunst?
Mit 111 Objekten reisen Sie durch das WeltenMuseum, dessen Sammlungen ein Abbild unserer Lebenswelt darstellen. Raum und Zeit übergreifend erzählen sie Geschichten – von 240 Millionen Jahre alten Seelilien bis zu lebenden Bewohnern von Land und Wasser, vom Gamelanorchester aus dem fernen Indonesien bis zur Goldkette von Isenbüttel, von den ersten handwerklichen Erzeugnissen der frühen Menschen bis zur weltweit größten Sammlung deutscher Impressionisten. Wunderbare Fotos und einprägsame Texte sprechen Jung und Alt an und führen ein in die Geheimnisse unseres Kontinents.

Besonders danken möchte ich T. Hölscher und St. Pfeiffer für ihre Hinweise und kritischen Anmerku... more Besonders danken möchte ich T. Hölscher und St. Pfeiffer für ihre Hinweise und kritischen Anmerkungen. Für das Lektorat und zahlreiche Anmerkungen danke ich Jenny Schlehofer sehr.

Forum Classicum 2, 2024

Faszination Antike Eine Anthologie, hrsgg. von Christoph Begass – Matthias Steinhart, 2024

Andreas Eckl and Matthias Häussler with Martha Akawa (eds.), An Unresolved Issue: Genocide in Colonial Namibia, 2024

Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, 2006

Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, 1998

MDAIK 76/77, 211-226, 2020

Tradition and Transformation. Egypt under Roman Rule

Damaszener Mitteilungen, 1998

Damaszener Mitteilungen, 2000

Göttinger Miszellen. Beiträge zur ägyptologischen …, 1995

Lembke, Katja (Hrsg.): best of: 111 Geschichten aus dem Weltenmuseum, Heidelberg: arthistoricum.net, 2020, 2020

www.tuna-necropolis.org, 2018

Discover the largest cemetery of Graeco-Roman Egypt! Temples, houses and tombs, animal worship an... more Discover the largest cemetery of Graeco-Roman Egypt!
Temples, houses and tombs, animal worship and human necropolis – Tuna el-Gebel is a fascinating site about 270 km south of Cairo, as long as the crow flies. Since more than 100 years archaeologists attempt to discover the secrets in the sand of the desert. Most of the buildings belong to the Ptolemaic and Roman period between 300 BC and 300 AD.
To the south of the site a large cemetery is located. The first tombs were erected in this area around 300 BC. Being built of local shell-limestone and having a temple-like structure, the excavator Sami Gabra named them »temple tombs«. The early Roman period, if not before, saw the building of the first mud brick tombs at the site called »house tombs« according to the material and the design. As a result of the new building technique, the urbanization of the cemetery increased, and more and more people were buried in this area. Finally, the necropolis converted to a city-like structure from north to south, within its core the famous tomb of Petosiris.
This homepage informs about the history, the excavations, and the conservation of the site as a binational project of Egypt and Germany.

Rezension von: Annie Sartre-Fauriat, Aventuriers, voyageurs et savants. À la découverte archéologique de la Syrie. Paris, CNRS éditions 2021 in: Topoi 24/2, 2021 [2022], 757-762, 2021

Rezension von: Ingrid Laube, Excavations in the Basileia of Alexandria: Findings of the 1901 Ernst von Sieglin Expedition. Études Alexandrines 51. Alexandria, Centre d’Études Alexandrines 2020 in: Bonner Jahrbücher 221, 2021 [2022] 298-299, 2021

Rezension von: Stefan Riedel, Die Basileia von Alexandria. Topographisch-urbanistische Untersuchungen zum ptolemäischen Königsviertel. Studies in Classical Archaeology, Band 9. Verlag Brepols, Turnhout 2020, in: in: Bonner Jahrbücher 220, 2020 [2022] 437-440, 2020

The Classical Review, 2009

The Journal of Roman Studies, 1996

Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft 22, 2019 [2020], Jul 28, 2019

Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaften (GFA), 2019

Die PetK. Lembke - S. Prell (Hrsg.), Die Petosiris-Nekropole von Tuna el-Gebel Bd. I. Tuna el Gebel Bd. 6 (Vaterstetten 2015) , 2015

Kapitel 1 Die Petosiris-Nekropole von Tuna el-Gebel − Katja Lembke Kapitel 2 Die Grabung der Deu... more Kapitel 1
Die Petosiris-Nekropole von Tuna el-Gebel − Katja Lembke

Kapitel 2
Die Grabung der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (DOG) unter der Leitung von Walter Honroth (12.01.–22.01.1913) − Jana Helmbold-Doyé (mit einem Beitrag von Stefan Pfeiffer)

Kapitel 3
Geophysikalische Prospektion − Harald Stümpel − Christina Klein

Kapitel 4
Überlegungen zur baulichen Entwicklung der Petosiris-Nekropole in Tuna el-Gebel − Christine Wilkening-Aumann (unter Mitarbeit von Timo Meyer)

Kapitel 5
Frühptolemäische Grabbauten in Tuna el-Gebel – Silvia Prell – Katja Lembke

Kapitel 6
Die demotisch beschrifteten Kiesel aus dem Umfeld des Grabes des Padjkam – Martina Minas-Nerpel

Kapitel 7
Entwicklung von Putz- und Maltechnik in der Petosiris- Nekropole von Tuna el-Gebel. Erste Untersuchungsergebnisse zu Akkulturationsprozessen in der Region Mittelägypten − Alexandra Winkels − Nicole Riedl

Katja Lembke – Jenny H. Schlehofer (Eds.), Die Petosiris-Nekropole von Tuna el-Gebel, Band 2: Die Häusergruppen 1 und 2, die Südgruppe, Site Management am Grab des Petosiris und Dachentwässerungstechniken (Ergon-Verlag, Baden-Baden 2023), 2023

The Petosiris necropolis at Tuna el-Gebel is one of the largest cemeteries of the Roman period in... more The Petosiris necropolis at Tuna el-Gebel is one of the largest cemeteries of the Roman period in Egypt and belonged to the ‚metropolis‘ Hermopolis Magna. This volume presents new archaeological and architectural-historical research results on the tomb houses of house groups 1 and 2, site management and roof drainage techniques. They provide extensive insights into construction methods, burial customs and ideas of the afterlife in a multicultural society. For the first time, numerous decorated tomb houses are comprehensively published and commented on. This volume was produced as part of the DFG research project „Celebrating with the Dead. Spatial Concepts and Burial Rituals in the Petosiris Necropolis of Tuna el-Gebel/Egypt“.

best of: 111 Stories from the WeltenMuseum, 2020

Why are the fish in the Pacific more colourful than their relatives in the North and Baltic Seas?... more Why are the fish in the Pacific more colourful than their relatives in the North and Baltic Seas? Were there dinosaurs in Lower Saxony? Where did the first humans live? How did globalisation begin, and since when has art actually existed?
111 objects will guide you through the WeltenMuseum, whose collections are a reflection of our world. Spanning space and time, they tell stories - from 240-million-year-old crinoids to living inhabitants of land and water, from the Indonesian gamelan orchestra to the gold necklace from Isenbüttel, from the first handicraft products of early humans to the world's largest collection of German impressionists. Wonderful photos and memorable texts appeal to young and old and introduce them to the secrets of our continent.

Ikonen der Kunst und wie sie zu dem wurden, was sie heute sind, 2021

Wie Objekte zu den gefeiertsten Ikonen der Kunstgeschichte wurden Von der Venus de Milo, über L... more Wie Objekte zu den gefeiertsten Ikonen der Kunstgeschichte wurden

Von der Venus de Milo, über Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa bis hin zu Edvard Munchs Gemälde Der Schrei - der Kunsttourismus boomt, wie die hohen Besucherzahlen in Museen weltweit zeigen. Was aber macht diese Kunstwerke für uns so attraktiv?
Dieses Buch widmet sich 25 Ikonen der Kunst, deren populärer Ruhm bis heute prägend ist für Literatur, Musik, Film und die Kunstwelt allgemein. Die Autorin erklärt anschaulich, welche Faktoren dazu beitrugen, dass ein Kunstwerk zur Ikone wurde, welchen Einfluss diese Werke auf Generationen von Betrachtern bis heute genommen haben und wie sie Teil unseres kulturellen Gedächtnisses wurden.