Sharon Lee Armstrong | La Salle University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Sharon Lee Armstrong
The Tasks of Contemporary Philosophy / Die Aufgaben der Philosophie in der Gegenwart, 1986
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2012
ABSTRACT A credible theory of the structure of our concepts must provide an explanation of the sy... more ABSTRACT A credible theory of the structure of our concepts must provide an explanation of the systematicity and productivity of thought. Protoype and related probabilistic perspectives currently dominate theories of concepts in the psychological literature and purport to achieve both types of explanation. Two lines of previous research are martialled here to undermine such claims. One line of research challenges the claim to systematicity by showing that protype theories fail to distinguish between “having a prototype” and “being a prototype” with formal concepts where the distinction arises starkly. A second line of research challenges the claim of productivity by showing that models based on prototype structures fail to capture intuitions about the meanings of lexical composites either by making false predictions or by failure to provide meaningful theoretical constraints and thus under specifying possible meanings.
Ethnology, 1992
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
Developmental Psychology, 1976
Conducted a study with 57 Ss (mean age, 6.78 yrs) to assess their conservation and transitivity o... more Conducted a study with 57 Ss (mean age, 6.78 yrs) to assess their conservation and transitivity of number, length, liquid amount, and weight. The conservation deduction argues that given A = B, B is transformed to B-sup-1, and that Ss somehow know that B-sup-1 = B as well as the concept of transitivity of equality Ss; thus should conclude that A must also equal B-sup-1, which is the conservation deduction. Results show that most Ss gave correct transitivity judgments, but only half gave correct justifications. In contrast, all the conservers gave good reasons. Overall conservation and transitivity correlated, and conservers were more likely to give good transitivity reasons than nonconservers. Nearly all conservers and about half the nonconservers saw their conservation judgments as necessary; thus, the relationships between conservation and necessity for number, length, amount, and weight were significant.
Developmental Psychology, 1976
Conducted a study with 57 Ss (mean age, 6.78 yrs) to assess their conservation and transitivity o... more Conducted a study with 57 Ss (mean age, 6.78 yrs) to assess their conservation and transitivity of number, length, liquid amount, and weight. The conservation deduction argues that given A = B, B is transformed to B-sup-1, and that Ss somehow know that B-sup-1 = B as well as the concept of transitivity of equality Ss; thus should conclude that A must also equal B-sup-1, which is the conservation deduction. Results show that most Ss gave correct transitivity judgments, but only half gave correct justifications. In contrast, all the conservers gave good reasons. Overall conservation and transitivity correlated, and conservers were more likely to give good transitivity reasons than nonconservers. Nearly all conservers and about half the nonconservers saw their conservation judgments as necessary; thus, the relationships between conservation and necessity for number, length, amount, and weight were significant.
Brain and Language, 2006
Treatments for phonological/deep dyslexia have used sublexical strategies to improve grapheme-pho... more Treatments for phonological/deep dyslexia have used sublexical strategies to improve grapheme-phoneme conversion (GPC) and sound blending abilities and lexical strategies to improve sight vocabulary that cannot be read using GPC rules. The re-establishment of sound-blending abilities has proved to be challenging in many cases. This study used a combined sublexical-lexical approach to improve oral reading performance which was motivated by two factors. Since the patient (AP) had not shown evidence of natural resolution of deep dyslexic symptoms thirteen years post injury, it was necessary to begin with reestablishment of GPC rules before addressing sound blending abilities and whole word reading. A combined approach is also consistent with Hillis and Caramazza's summation hypothesis (1991, 1995), positing that the process of oral reading combines information from both lexical and sublexical sources.
The Tasks of Contemporary Philosophy / Die Aufgaben der Philosophie in der Gegenwart, 1986
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2012
ABSTRACT A credible theory of the structure of our concepts must provide an explanation of the sy... more ABSTRACT A credible theory of the structure of our concepts must provide an explanation of the systematicity and productivity of thought. Protoype and related probabilistic perspectives currently dominate theories of concepts in the psychological literature and purport to achieve both types of explanation. Two lines of previous research are martialled here to undermine such claims. One line of research challenges the claim to systematicity by showing that protype theories fail to distinguish between “having a prototype” and “being a prototype” with formal concepts where the distinction arises starkly. A second line of research challenges the claim of productivity by showing that models based on prototype structures fail to capture intuitions about the meanings of lexical composites either by making false predictions or by failure to provide meaningful theoretical constraints and thus under specifying possible meanings.
Ethnology, 1992
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
Developmental Psychology, 1976
Conducted a study with 57 Ss (mean age, 6.78 yrs) to assess their conservation and transitivity o... more Conducted a study with 57 Ss (mean age, 6.78 yrs) to assess their conservation and transitivity of number, length, liquid amount, and weight. The conservation deduction argues that given A = B, B is transformed to B-sup-1, and that Ss somehow know that B-sup-1 = B as well as the concept of transitivity of equality Ss; thus should conclude that A must also equal B-sup-1, which is the conservation deduction. Results show that most Ss gave correct transitivity judgments, but only half gave correct justifications. In contrast, all the conservers gave good reasons. Overall conservation and transitivity correlated, and conservers were more likely to give good transitivity reasons than nonconservers. Nearly all conservers and about half the nonconservers saw their conservation judgments as necessary; thus, the relationships between conservation and necessity for number, length, amount, and weight were significant.
Developmental Psychology, 1976
Conducted a study with 57 Ss (mean age, 6.78 yrs) to assess their conservation and transitivity o... more Conducted a study with 57 Ss (mean age, 6.78 yrs) to assess their conservation and transitivity of number, length, liquid amount, and weight. The conservation deduction argues that given A = B, B is transformed to B-sup-1, and that Ss somehow know that B-sup-1 = B as well as the concept of transitivity of equality Ss; thus should conclude that A must also equal B-sup-1, which is the conservation deduction. Results show that most Ss gave correct transitivity judgments, but only half gave correct justifications. In contrast, all the conservers gave good reasons. Overall conservation and transitivity correlated, and conservers were more likely to give good transitivity reasons than nonconservers. Nearly all conservers and about half the nonconservers saw their conservation judgments as necessary; thus, the relationships between conservation and necessity for number, length, amount, and weight were significant.
Brain and Language, 2006
Treatments for phonological/deep dyslexia have used sublexical strategies to improve grapheme-pho... more Treatments for phonological/deep dyslexia have used sublexical strategies to improve grapheme-phoneme conversion (GPC) and sound blending abilities and lexical strategies to improve sight vocabulary that cannot be read using GPC rules. The re-establishment of sound-blending abilities has proved to be challenging in many cases. This study used a combined sublexical-lexical approach to improve oral reading performance which was motivated by two factors. Since the patient (AP) had not shown evidence of natural resolution of deep dyslexic symptoms thirteen years post injury, it was necessary to begin with reestablishment of GPC rules before addressing sound blending abilities and whole word reading. A combined approach is also consistent with Hillis and Caramazza's summation hypothesis (1991, 1995), positing that the process of oral reading combines information from both lexical and sublexical sources.