elena jurado | La Salle University (original) (raw)

Papers by elena jurado

Sensors

Robotics is one of the key learnings in a world where learners will interact with multiple roboti... more Robotics is one of the key learnings in a world where learners will interact with multiple robotic technologies and operating systems throughout their lives. However, school teachers, especially in the elementary and primary education stages, often have difficulties incorporating these tools in the classroom. Four elementary teachers in three schools in Catalonia were trained to introduce robotics in the classroom to seventy-five students. The main actions consisted in classroom accompaniment by a university-trained support teacher, curricular materials’ development, and assessment of the students’ and teachers’ learning. The designed contents and evaluation criteria took into account the potential of educational robotics to improve soft skills and to promote Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) interdisciplinary learning. Teachers perceived the training to be supportive and useful and ended the school year feeling confident with the used robotic platform ...

Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts

The ubiquitous occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the open ocean has been previous... more The ubiquitous occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the open ocean has been previously documented, but their vertical transport and oceanic sinks have not been comprehensively characterized and quantified at...

Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research, 2000

Book chapter in Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research. 2016.

Environmental Pollution, 2006

A dynamic flux model was able to accurately predict PCB levels.

Environ Sci Technol, 2005

Wet deposition fluxes of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and fura... more Wet deposition fluxes of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans to the Atlantic Ocean have been estimated by combining meteorological satellite data and measured atmospheric field concentrations. They are then compared to other atmospheric depositional mechanisms on a global scale. Additional features not treated in traditional studies are addressed such as contaminant adsorption onto raindrops and enhancement of dry gaseous diffusive fluxes due to rain-induced turbulence. Wet deposition estimates show a high spatial and seasonal variability, with maxima located in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and in low-temperature regions. Seasonal variability reflects the northward shift of ITCZ in July. Average wet deposition fluxes estimated for the Atlantic Ocean in this study are 110 and 45 ng m(-2) yr(-1) for sigmaPCB and sigmaPCDD/Fs, respectively. Furthermore, the total wet deposition to the Atlantic results in 4100 kg yr(-1) (sigmaPCB) and 2500 kg yr(-1) (sigmaPCDD/Fs). Model validation shows good agreement with available coastal data measurements of wet deposition fluxes. When compared to other atmospheric depositional mechanisms and during precipitation events, wet deposition is found to be dominant. However, when raining events and non-raining time periods are integrated, air-water diffusive exchange fluxes acquire an important role, which can be dominant in some regions and for some POPs.

Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2010

The study of turbulence occurring at the smallest scales, in the energy dissipation range, is req... more The study of turbulence occurring at the smallest scales, in the energy dissipation range, is required when evaluating interrelations between turbulent mixing and phytoplankton distribution. To derive microturbulent parameters, microstructure profiler surveys, consisting in high resolution temperature, salinity or velocity vertical profiles have been performed in localized regions of the open ocean. However, they are very localized and based on few datasets, difficult to extrapolate to other regions due to the dependence on the local background conditions. During the STRATIPHYT-I cruise (July-August 2009) from Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) to Reykjavik (Iceland), high resolution measurements of both turbulent mixing (with a Self Contained Autonomous Micro Profiler, SCAMP) and phytoplankton have been carried out in the top 100 m of the ocean. With these data, the gradient from a more stratified, warmer surface water tropical environment to a less stratified subpolar ocean environment is covered. Adding up a total of 15 stations and 148 profiles, it constitutes the most extensive dataset of directly derived vertical mixing coefficients in a latitudinal transect of the Northeast Atlantic. In the presentation, the focus is on the explanation of the changes in turbulent mixing along the cruise section, recalling in its latitudinal gradient and presenting parameters that can further help to evaluate effects in the phytoplankton distribution. Side issues such as the encountered disagreement between heat and density eddy diffusivities and an analysis of the main source of instabilities through GOTM model and an internal wave analysis, are also treated in detail.

Model calculations estimate the latitudinal and seasonal storage capacity of the surface oceans f... more Model calculations estimate the latitudinal and seasonal storage capacity of the surface oceans for PCBs.

ABSTRACT Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) have received worldwide attention due to their wid... more ABSTRACT Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) have received worldwide attention due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. Most PFASs are extremely persistent in the environment, even if they exhibit high water solubility and lipophobicity compared to legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Previous studies report their occurrence in the marine environment; however the processes and magnitude of their oceanic sinks remain uncharacterized. Twenty one PFASs including short and long chained perfluorocarboxylates, perfluorosulfonates and perfluorosulfonamides, among the considered emerging PFASs, were measured in surface seawater and at the deep chlorophyll maximum (100 m depth) in the global tropical and subtropical oceans in order to identify their occurrence and elucidate their transport and fate. The samples were taken during the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation cruise, providing the first synoptic sampling effort in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, between 35ºN and 40ºS, allowing a global comparison of concentrations and distribution patterns in the different basins. The occurrence patterns and levels of PFASs showed the influence of proximate continental sources, the global oceanic circulation, and a hemispheric differential presence. The vertical transport of PFASs in the ocean was assessed for eddy diffusion fluxes and for the settling fluxes of organic matter bound to PFASs (biological pump). The eddy diffusion coefficients in the photic zone of the water column were measured concurrently with the PFASs concentrations, allowing the first reported estimation of diffusive fluxes derived from field measurements. In addition, we estimated the vertical fluxes of perfluorooctanoic sulphonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), among other PFASs, associated to the biological pump, using literature’s reported bioconcentration factors and the last described sinking rates of organic matter in the oceans. Phytoplankton and zooplankton contributions to the biological pump fluxes were estimated separately for the first time, since previous efforts for POPs only accounted fluxes associated to phytoplankton derived organic matter. The present study enhances the extent of the yet non studied biological pump, as the main known vertical transport of PFASs, with the exception of specificl areas or periods with strong water column turbulence driven by high wind speeds and waves that magnify sinking due to eddy diffusion.

Atmospheric Environment, Nov 1, 2008

Atmospheric deposition of total organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) is lacking or not fully... more Atmospheric deposition of total organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) is lacking or not fully accounted in most current models of the global carbon cycling, specially those fluxes related to gas phase OC. Here, we develop and apply a methodology to estimate wet and dry deposition of total OC to the oceans, based on monthly satellite measurements of aerosol size distributions, wind speed, etc., and estimates of deposition for aerosols and organic compounds. The parameterization of dry deposition velocities account for the dependence of turbulent transport with aerosol diameter, wind speed and the formation of marine aerosol, etc. Gravitational settling is estimated as a function of wet particle diameter, thus including hygroscopic growth due to ambient humidity. Global dry deposition of aerosol OC is estimated to be 11 Tg C y À1 and wet deposition of particle and gaseous OC are estimated as 47 and 187 Tg C y À1 , respectively. Due to their pulsing variability, wet deposition fluxes can be important locally and as a temporal source of OC to surface waters. Dry and wet deposition of black carbon to the global ocean are estimated to be 2 and 10 Tg C yr À1 , respectively, with higher fluxes in the northern hemisphere and for inter-tropical regions. Finally, considerations on the potential magnitude of the hitherto neglected gross air-sea diffusive exchange fluxes of OC are discussed. Even though the magnitude and direction of these cannot be constrained here, evidence of its important role is given. This study, thus, shows that there is an important spatial and temporal variability in atmosphere-ocean exchanges of OC and BC at different scales, and calls for the need for further research on the important role that these exchanges play in the global carbon cycle.

Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are receiving an increasing worldwide attention due to th... more Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are receiving an increasing worldwide attention due to their persistence, toxicity and widespread occurrence. These emerging contaminants have high water solubility and lower lipophilicity compared to legacy persistent organic pollutants, being their global fate and removal processes still uncertain due to their particular chemical characteristics. This study provides the global concentrations of three PFASs families, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, perfluorosulfonates and perfluorosulfonamides, in surface seawater and at deep chlorophyll maximum depth in the global tropical and subtropical oceans. Horizontal and vertical occurrence was evaluated in north and south basins of Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and in the Indian Ocean during the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation cruise. The Atlantic appeared as the most polluted ocean in our global study; followed by the Pacific and then the Indian Ocean. Mean PFASs concentrations found in the Northern...

Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFC) are environmental contaminants that have received worldwide attent... more Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFC) are environmental contaminants that have received worldwide attention due to their toxicity and widespread occurrence. Compared to the legacy persistent organic pollutants, most PFC have high water solubility and lower lipophilicity, being as well extremely persistent. As a consequence, the hypothesis that the open-ocean water column must be their main final global sink has been recently developed. Three PFC families, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, perfluorosulfonates and perfluorosulfonamides, were measured in surface seawater and at 100 m depth in the global tropical and subtropical oceans in order to identify their occurrence and elucidate their transport and fate. The samples were taken during the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation cruise, providing the first synoptic sampling effort for the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and the south Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, between 35ºN and 40ºS, thus allowing a direct comparison of levels and pat...

Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) have received worldwide attention due to their widespread o... more Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) have received worldwide attention due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. Most PFASs are extremely persistent in the environment, even if they exhibit high water solubility and lipophobicity compared to legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Previous studies report their occurrence in the marine environment; however the processes and magnitude of their oceanic sinks remain uncharacterized. Twenty one PFASs including short and long chained perfluorocarboxylates, perfluorosulfonates and perfluorosulfonamides, among the considered emerging PFASs, were measured in surface seawater and at the deep chlorophyll maximum (100 m depth) in the global tropical and subtropical oceans in order to identify their occurrence and elucidate their transport and fate. The samples were taken during the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation cruise, providing the first synoptic sampling effort in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oce...

A 20 years old hypothesis postulates a feedback relationship between marine biota and climate thr... more A 20 years old hypothesis postulates a feedback relationship between marine biota and climate through the emission of dimethylsulfide (DMS) as the principal natural source of Sulfate Secondary Aerosols (S-DMS) that are very efficient as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). In recent years, the biological influence on cloud microphysics have been expanded to other potential biogenic cloud precursors: (i) volatile organic

Computation of the volatilization flux of the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and comparison to the... more Computation of the volatilization flux of the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and comparison to the turbulent flux of its anion form (perfluorocarboxylate PFO −1 ), based on measured concentrations of PFO −1 .

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Marine pollution bulletin, 2009

Spatio-temporal variability of pollutants in the environment is a complex phenomenon that require... more Spatio-temporal variability of pollutants in the environment is a complex phenomenon that requires a combined approach for its analysis. Whereas data on measured levels of contaminants in various environmental compartments is essential, it is not always possible to monitor at the necessary frequency and with the adequate spatial sampling distribution to capture this variability. Therefore a modelling approach able to complement experimental data and close the gaps in the monitoring programs is useful for assessing the contaminant dynamics occurring at different time scales. In this work a 1D water column fate model has been developed and tested for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The model has been coupled with a simple ecological model that includes a bioaccumulation module. Afterwards, the model has been used to study the temporal variability of contaminant concentrations as well as the fluxes between compartments. The results evidence the complex coupling between spatio-...

Sensors

Robotics is one of the key learnings in a world where learners will interact with multiple roboti... more Robotics is one of the key learnings in a world where learners will interact with multiple robotic technologies and operating systems throughout their lives. However, school teachers, especially in the elementary and primary education stages, often have difficulties incorporating these tools in the classroom. Four elementary teachers in three schools in Catalonia were trained to introduce robotics in the classroom to seventy-five students. The main actions consisted in classroom accompaniment by a university-trained support teacher, curricular materials’ development, and assessment of the students’ and teachers’ learning. The designed contents and evaluation criteria took into account the potential of educational robotics to improve soft skills and to promote Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) interdisciplinary learning. Teachers perceived the training to be supportive and useful and ended the school year feeling confident with the used robotic platform ...

Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts

The ubiquitous occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the open ocean has been previous... more The ubiquitous occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the open ocean has been previously documented, but their vertical transport and oceanic sinks have not been comprehensively characterized and quantified at...

Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research, 2000

Book chapter in Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research. 2016.

Environmental Pollution, 2006

A dynamic flux model was able to accurately predict PCB levels.

Environ Sci Technol, 2005

Wet deposition fluxes of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and fura... more Wet deposition fluxes of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans to the Atlantic Ocean have been estimated by combining meteorological satellite data and measured atmospheric field concentrations. They are then compared to other atmospheric depositional mechanisms on a global scale. Additional features not treated in traditional studies are addressed such as contaminant adsorption onto raindrops and enhancement of dry gaseous diffusive fluxes due to rain-induced turbulence. Wet deposition estimates show a high spatial and seasonal variability, with maxima located in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and in low-temperature regions. Seasonal variability reflects the northward shift of ITCZ in July. Average wet deposition fluxes estimated for the Atlantic Ocean in this study are 110 and 45 ng m(-2) yr(-1) for sigmaPCB and sigmaPCDD/Fs, respectively. Furthermore, the total wet deposition to the Atlantic results in 4100 kg yr(-1) (sigmaPCB) and 2500 kg yr(-1) (sigmaPCDD/Fs). Model validation shows good agreement with available coastal data measurements of wet deposition fluxes. When compared to other atmospheric depositional mechanisms and during precipitation events, wet deposition is found to be dominant. However, when raining events and non-raining time periods are integrated, air-water diffusive exchange fluxes acquire an important role, which can be dominant in some regions and for some POPs.

Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2010

The study of turbulence occurring at the smallest scales, in the energy dissipation range, is req... more The study of turbulence occurring at the smallest scales, in the energy dissipation range, is required when evaluating interrelations between turbulent mixing and phytoplankton distribution. To derive microturbulent parameters, microstructure profiler surveys, consisting in high resolution temperature, salinity or velocity vertical profiles have been performed in localized regions of the open ocean. However, they are very localized and based on few datasets, difficult to extrapolate to other regions due to the dependence on the local background conditions. During the STRATIPHYT-I cruise (July-August 2009) from Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) to Reykjavik (Iceland), high resolution measurements of both turbulent mixing (with a Self Contained Autonomous Micro Profiler, SCAMP) and phytoplankton have been carried out in the top 100 m of the ocean. With these data, the gradient from a more stratified, warmer surface water tropical environment to a less stratified subpolar ocean environment is covered. Adding up a total of 15 stations and 148 profiles, it constitutes the most extensive dataset of directly derived vertical mixing coefficients in a latitudinal transect of the Northeast Atlantic. In the presentation, the focus is on the explanation of the changes in turbulent mixing along the cruise section, recalling in its latitudinal gradient and presenting parameters that can further help to evaluate effects in the phytoplankton distribution. Side issues such as the encountered disagreement between heat and density eddy diffusivities and an analysis of the main source of instabilities through GOTM model and an internal wave analysis, are also treated in detail.

Model calculations estimate the latitudinal and seasonal storage capacity of the surface oceans f... more Model calculations estimate the latitudinal and seasonal storage capacity of the surface oceans for PCBs.

ABSTRACT Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) have received worldwide attention due to their wid... more ABSTRACT Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) have received worldwide attention due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. Most PFASs are extremely persistent in the environment, even if they exhibit high water solubility and lipophobicity compared to legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Previous studies report their occurrence in the marine environment; however the processes and magnitude of their oceanic sinks remain uncharacterized. Twenty one PFASs including short and long chained perfluorocarboxylates, perfluorosulfonates and perfluorosulfonamides, among the considered emerging PFASs, were measured in surface seawater and at the deep chlorophyll maximum (100 m depth) in the global tropical and subtropical oceans in order to identify their occurrence and elucidate their transport and fate. The samples were taken during the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation cruise, providing the first synoptic sampling effort in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, between 35ºN and 40ºS, allowing a global comparison of concentrations and distribution patterns in the different basins. The occurrence patterns and levels of PFASs showed the influence of proximate continental sources, the global oceanic circulation, and a hemispheric differential presence. The vertical transport of PFASs in the ocean was assessed for eddy diffusion fluxes and for the settling fluxes of organic matter bound to PFASs (biological pump). The eddy diffusion coefficients in the photic zone of the water column were measured concurrently with the PFASs concentrations, allowing the first reported estimation of diffusive fluxes derived from field measurements. In addition, we estimated the vertical fluxes of perfluorooctanoic sulphonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), among other PFASs, associated to the biological pump, using literature’s reported bioconcentration factors and the last described sinking rates of organic matter in the oceans. Phytoplankton and zooplankton contributions to the biological pump fluxes were estimated separately for the first time, since previous efforts for POPs only accounted fluxes associated to phytoplankton derived organic matter. The present study enhances the extent of the yet non studied biological pump, as the main known vertical transport of PFASs, with the exception of specificl areas or periods with strong water column turbulence driven by high wind speeds and waves that magnify sinking due to eddy diffusion.

Atmospheric Environment, Nov 1, 2008

Atmospheric deposition of total organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) is lacking or not fully... more Atmospheric deposition of total organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) is lacking or not fully accounted in most current models of the global carbon cycling, specially those fluxes related to gas phase OC. Here, we develop and apply a methodology to estimate wet and dry deposition of total OC to the oceans, based on monthly satellite measurements of aerosol size distributions, wind speed, etc., and estimates of deposition for aerosols and organic compounds. The parameterization of dry deposition velocities account for the dependence of turbulent transport with aerosol diameter, wind speed and the formation of marine aerosol, etc. Gravitational settling is estimated as a function of wet particle diameter, thus including hygroscopic growth due to ambient humidity. Global dry deposition of aerosol OC is estimated to be 11 Tg C y À1 and wet deposition of particle and gaseous OC are estimated as 47 and 187 Tg C y À1 , respectively. Due to their pulsing variability, wet deposition fluxes can be important locally and as a temporal source of OC to surface waters. Dry and wet deposition of black carbon to the global ocean are estimated to be 2 and 10 Tg C yr À1 , respectively, with higher fluxes in the northern hemisphere and for inter-tropical regions. Finally, considerations on the potential magnitude of the hitherto neglected gross air-sea diffusive exchange fluxes of OC are discussed. Even though the magnitude and direction of these cannot be constrained here, evidence of its important role is given. This study, thus, shows that there is an important spatial and temporal variability in atmosphere-ocean exchanges of OC and BC at different scales, and calls for the need for further research on the important role that these exchanges play in the global carbon cycle.

Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are receiving an increasing worldwide attention due to th... more Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are receiving an increasing worldwide attention due to their persistence, toxicity and widespread occurrence. These emerging contaminants have high water solubility and lower lipophilicity compared to legacy persistent organic pollutants, being their global fate and removal processes still uncertain due to their particular chemical characteristics. This study provides the global concentrations of three PFASs families, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, perfluorosulfonates and perfluorosulfonamides, in surface seawater and at deep chlorophyll maximum depth in the global tropical and subtropical oceans. Horizontal and vertical occurrence was evaluated in north and south basins of Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and in the Indian Ocean during the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation cruise. The Atlantic appeared as the most polluted ocean in our global study; followed by the Pacific and then the Indian Ocean. Mean PFASs concentrations found in the Northern...

Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFC) are environmental contaminants that have received worldwide attent... more Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFC) are environmental contaminants that have received worldwide attention due to their toxicity and widespread occurrence. Compared to the legacy persistent organic pollutants, most PFC have high water solubility and lower lipophilicity, being as well extremely persistent. As a consequence, the hypothesis that the open-ocean water column must be their main final global sink has been recently developed. Three PFC families, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, perfluorosulfonates and perfluorosulfonamides, were measured in surface seawater and at 100 m depth in the global tropical and subtropical oceans in order to identify their occurrence and elucidate their transport and fate. The samples were taken during the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation cruise, providing the first synoptic sampling effort for the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and the south Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, between 35ºN and 40ºS, thus allowing a direct comparison of levels and pat...

Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) have received worldwide attention due to their widespread o... more Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) have received worldwide attention due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. Most PFASs are extremely persistent in the environment, even if they exhibit high water solubility and lipophobicity compared to legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Previous studies report their occurrence in the marine environment; however the processes and magnitude of their oceanic sinks remain uncharacterized. Twenty one PFASs including short and long chained perfluorocarboxylates, perfluorosulfonates and perfluorosulfonamides, among the considered emerging PFASs, were measured in surface seawater and at the deep chlorophyll maximum (100 m depth) in the global tropical and subtropical oceans in order to identify their occurrence and elucidate their transport and fate. The samples were taken during the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation cruise, providing the first synoptic sampling effort in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oce...

A 20 years old hypothesis postulates a feedback relationship between marine biota and climate thr... more A 20 years old hypothesis postulates a feedback relationship between marine biota and climate through the emission of dimethylsulfide (DMS) as the principal natural source of Sulfate Secondary Aerosols (S-DMS) that are very efficient as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). In recent years, the biological influence on cloud microphysics have been expanded to other potential biogenic cloud precursors: (i) volatile organic

Computation of the volatilization flux of the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and comparison to the... more Computation of the volatilization flux of the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and comparison to the turbulent flux of its anion form (perfluorocarboxylate PFO −1 ), based on measured concentrations of PFO −1 .

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Marine pollution bulletin, 2009

Spatio-temporal variability of pollutants in the environment is a complex phenomenon that require... more Spatio-temporal variability of pollutants in the environment is a complex phenomenon that requires a combined approach for its analysis. Whereas data on measured levels of contaminants in various environmental compartments is essential, it is not always possible to monitor at the necessary frequency and with the adequate spatial sampling distribution to capture this variability. Therefore a modelling approach able to complement experimental data and close the gaps in the monitoring programs is useful for assessing the contaminant dynamics occurring at different time scales. In this work a 1D water column fate model has been developed and tested for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The model has been coupled with a simple ecological model that includes a bioaccumulation module. Afterwards, the model has been used to study the temporal variability of contaminant concentrations as well as the fluxes between compartments. The results evidence the complex coupling between spatio-...

Deconstruyendo el Manifiesto Maker, 2018

¿Qué es lo maker y cómo se define? ¿Por qué y para qué se fabrica? ¿Existe una identidad en el ha... more ¿Qué es lo maker y cómo se define? ¿Por qué y para qué se fabrica? ¿Existe una identidad en el hacer? ¿Qué supone estar involucrado en la fabricación digital? ¿Podemos hablar de una ética maker? ¿Es realmente un movimiento? ¿Supera el fervor gig? ¿Responde a las necesidades de un territorio o colectivo? ¿Hay política en estas prácticas? Lo maker ¿empodera?
Para responder estas y otras preguntas, Maker Convent y Trànsit Projectes reúnen a los agentes y colectivos que están generando las ideas de valor alrededor del así llamado movimiento maker en España y Europa.
El formato elegido es un interrogatorio al que quizá es el más emblemático de los textos asociados a él, el Maker Movement Manifesto de Mark Hatch.
Las reflexiones de Massimo Menichinelli, Efraín Foglia, Elisabet Roselló, Colectivo En torno a la silla, Elena
Jurado, Susanna Tesconi, Paco González, César García Sáez, David Gómez Fontanills, Núria Martínez Vernis
y César Reyes, se unen a los comentarios de Òscar Martínez, Jordi Fàbregas, David Ribes Lladós, Àngel Mestres y Mario Hinojos; y se completan con los apuntes-entrevistas a Evi Swinnen, Wolf Kuühr, Tangencial y Makerspace Madrid.
El resultado es una auténtica Deconstrucción del Manifiesto Maker que plantea además de una visión alternativa y critica sobre las prácticas de los hacedores, toda una reformulación de los conceptos fundacionales de la fabricación digital.