Babatunde Solagberu | Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria (original) (raw)

Papers by Babatunde Solagberu

African Journal of Trauma, 2014

Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2007

Nigerian Journal of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2011

East African Medical Journal, 2001

Data on tuberculosis (TB) of the spine from Nigeria is scanty despite the endemicity of the disea... more Data on tuberculosis (TB) of the spine from Nigeria is scanty despite the endemicity of the disease. To highlight hospital data on spinal tuberculosis. A ten-year retrospective study of records on spinal TB from the medical records, orthopaedic and medical wards was done. The clinical notes, radiographs and haematology results of the patients were analysed. University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. All patients treated for spinal TB in the hospital from January 1990 to December 1999 were studied. Fifty patients were seen, 24 males and 26 females, age range 1.5-70 years (mean 27.1 +/- 22.8 years). Peak prevalence (30%) was in the first decade. Twenty seven patients had complete clinical data in their case notes. Twelve patients had paraplegia and three had concomitant pulmonary TB. The lumbar spine was the commonest site of involvement. Two thirds (18 patients) had positive mantoux test. Twenty three patients had chemotherapy but a third was lost to follow up within two months. Twenty one patients (77.8%) had difficulty obtaining the prescribed drugs due to financial difficulties. No patient had surgical intervention. Spinal TB is still a common disease in Nigeria with unacceptable laxity in control measures. There is need for patient health education, contact tracing, provision of free anti-TB drugs and a general improvement in the economy to reduce the prevalence of spinal TB in the country.

East African Medical Journal, 2004

Background : The term osteomyelitis (OSM) was first coined by Nelaton in 1844. Waldvogel et al, C... more Background : The term osteomyelitis (OSM) was first coined by Nelaton in 1844. Waldvogel et al, Cierny-Mader, May et al classifications of OSM from developed countries and Meier et al's from Nigeria have been described. Objective:This new classification was developed to highlight significant pathology seen in developing countries not covered by existing classifications. Design: A prospective study. Setting: University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Subjects: All OSM patients treated from January 1998 to June 2000. Main outcome measures: Age, sex, clinical features, radiographs and treatment offered were analysed. Five stages were recognised: stage 0 (potential OSM with bone contamination), stage I (early or acute OSM), stage II (intermediate OSM with subperiosteal abscess), stage III (late or chronic OSM with sequestrum and subdivided into IIIa 'curable', IIIb 'controllable', IIIc 'complicated'). Stage IV (compound OSM) with joint involvement: IVa, if anatomical and IVb if physiological. Patients' haemoglobin (Hb) status is added to the staging, for example stage II (Hb SS). Results: All 271 patients comprising 198 males and 73 females (M: F= 2.7: 1) with age range 2-48 years (mean 29.4 ± 12.2) were studied. Only 93 patients had Hb genotype done; only 42 had Hb S. The stage O had 184 patients (120 open fractures and 64 bone operations). Stage I had nine patients, stage II 19 patients, stage III 51 patients and stage IV eight. Conclusions: This new staging incorporates pre-emptive OSM seen in developing countries where certain practices, if unchecked lead to OSM. The severity of OSM featuring florid disease not common in the developed world, and for which existing classifications did not accommodate, is included.

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2002

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2001

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2000

Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 2015

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2000

ABSTRACT An audit is a useful means of examining improvements in the art and science of clinical ... more ABSTRACT An audit is a useful means of examining improvements in the art and science of clinical practice. We applied this to surgery to determine improved outcomes of fracture treatment by early operative reduction. This was carried out at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, by comparing two years, 1997 when there was less emphasis and 1998 when there was a greater emphasis on operative reduction of fractures. Hospital records in the orthopaedic wards, operating rooms and the physiotherapy unit of all patients admitted were reviewed retrospectively. Two years, 1997 and 1998 were analysed for age, sex, type of treatment and quality of outcome. A total of 247 admissions into orthopaedic wards were made in 1997 leading to 79 major operations, 20 of which were operative reduction of fractures (25.3 %). In 1998, 239 patients were admitted out of which 174 major operations were performed, 72 of which were operative reductions (41.4 %, P = 0.014). Patients' stay in hospital was shorter in 1998 with 81% of patients staying 3 months and less compared to 40 % in 1997 (P = 0.000). Improved outcome of stiff knee joints from physiotherapy was judged good and excellent in 66.7 % and 20 % in 1998 compared to 28.3 % (P = 0.00005) and 1.9 % (P = 0.003) in 1997, respectively. These results suggest generally improved outcome when fractures are treated by early operative reduction because of shorter hospital stay, early return to work, improved nursing care and joint function. (Nig J Surg Res 2000; 2:114-122) KEY WORDS: Surgical Audit, Operative reduction, Fractures, Outcome

West African journal of medicine

Presentation of a scientific work is a learned skill that requires constant improvement especiall... more Presentation of a scientific work is a learned skill that requires constant improvement especially now with the use of computer aided presentation--Microsoft PowerPoint. It addresses the peculiarities of preparation for a conference in a developing country. Description of personal experience acquired through training and practice at scientific conferences has been stated. Relevant books and articles have been cited. The four parts of a presentation (preparation, presentation proper, questions and answer sessions and handling stage fright) and the effects of successful presentations have been highlighted. Scientific presentations are essential to a researcher throughout life and the skills can be learned and/ or improved upon through desire to learn, determination to succeed, training and constant practice of the process.

Annual proceedings / Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine

Pre-hospital care in developing worlds has been found to be grossly deficient compared to high in... more Pre-hospital care in developing worlds has been found to be grossly deficient compared to high income countries. The pre-hospital care given to road accident victims attending the casualty departments of four tertiary level hospitals in South Western Nigeria was assessed using a one-page pro-forma. 1996 patients with injuries from road crashes were seen in the hospitals, only 172 had any form of pre-hospital care, just 160 were transported in ambulances and none had any form of organized pre-hospital care. The mean arrival time in the hospital after crashes was 93.6 minutes and there was a high rate (29.5%) of inter-hospital referral. For every Revised Trauma Score (RTS), the Probability of survival (Ps) of the patients was higher than the Ps of patients from high income countries.

The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal

An audit of surgical emergencies was carried out to monitor acute trauma care and determine areas... more An audit of surgical emergencies was carried out to monitor acute trauma care and determine areas needing clinical improvement. This is essential for the development of institutional and national health policies on trauma and non-trauma diseases. All patients attending the surgical Accident and Emergency were studied prospectively from September 1999 to August 2000 to obtain their age, sex and diagnosis and to determine causes and injury-arrival time for trauma cases and the outcome of care for all cases. Out of 2,455 patients comprising 1,696 males and 759 females (M:F = 2.2:1) age range two weeks to 95 years, trauma accounted for 1,679 (68.4%). The median age (and the mode) of presentation overall and in males was in the third decade. Females had a 'plateau' age of presentation for the first four decades before the gradual fall to zero. Superficial skin trauma (lacerations, abrasions and bruises) represents the commonest presentation (16.1%) followed by fractures (13.9%), ...

West African journal of medicine

Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2009

Efficient pre-hospital transport (emergency medical services, EMS) is associated with improved ou... more Efficient pre-hospital transport (emergency medical services, EMS) is associated with improved outcomes in road traffic injuries (RTI). This study aims to discover possible interventions in the existing mode of transport. Persons bringing all RTI victims to the Emergency room (ER) over a 4-year period and the injury arrival intervals were noted prospectively. There were 2,624 patients (1,886 males and 738 females); only 2,046 (78%) had clear documentations of three categories of persons bringing victims to ER: Relatives (REL, 1,081, 52.83%); Police/Federal Road Safety Corps (P/F, 827, 40.42%) and Bystanders (BS, 138, 6.74%). No intervention was provided during transport: Within 1 hour, 986 victims (48.2% of 2,046) arrived ERbrought by P/F (448, 21.9%), REL (439, 21.5% of 2,046), and BS (99, 4.8%). These figures, in each instance, represent 40.6 % of total victims brought by REL; 54.2% by P/F and 71.7% by BS. However, after 6 hours, REL were the main active group as they brought 94.5...

Pan African Medical Journal, 2014

Road traffic injury (RTI) has assumed major public health importance world-wide and the burden is... more Road traffic injury (RTI) has assumed major public health importance world-wide and the burden is heavier on the health-care infrastructure of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, RTI is the leading cause of trauma related morbidity and mortality. While there are some published epidemiological reports on RTI in the region, studies on the mechanism of causation of road traffic crashes (RTC) are not available. Over a 9-month period, we prospectively captured the 571 victims of RTC presenting to a single tertiary health care center in Nigeria. Data collected include demographic data, Mechanism of causation of RTC, Injuries sustained and outcomes. Over three-quarters of the victims are young people and half were either traders (27.5%) or students (20%). Pedestrians, motorcycle riders and open truck occupants (people sitting at the rear loading compartment of trucks) often had fatal injuries. Analysis of collision patterns showed that lone crashes were the most frequent though car-to-motorcycle crashes caused a quarter of the deaths. Host factors (over-speeding driver, driver misjudgment, sleeping driver etc.) were responsible for four-fifths of the crashes while vehicular and environmental factors accounted for the remaining. On binary regression analysis, head injured victims had higher odds of dying than the non-head injured (Odds ratio = 6.5). This paper elucidates the mechanisms of causation of and types of injuries sustained following RTC in Nigeria and thus provide opportunities for prevention and control of this unacceptable situation.

Traffic Injury Prevention, 2014

Since the first pedestrian road fatality of 1896, pedestrians still remain vulnerable, with fatal... more Since the first pedestrian road fatality of 1896, pedestrians still remain vulnerable, with fatalities in Africa being 55% of global statistics. Many previous reports from Nigeria have emphasized passengers and drivers over pedestrians; this study was done in the most densely populated Nigerian city with no previous publication exclusively dedicated to pedestrians-the megacity has been projected by the World Bank to be the third largest in the world by 2015 (after Tokyo and Mumbai), so the study results would aid injury control and reduce morbidity and mortality. This is a one-year prospective study on pedestrians attending the surgical emergency room of the busiest referral hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, detailing age, sex, occupation, regions injured, injury mechanism, incident vehicles, highway collisions, and immediate outcomes. Some 702 pedestrians were seen, including 494 (70%) males with overall peak incidence in the third decade, but the peak incidence among females is lower and in the first decade. Common injuries sustained were to the head (40%), lower limbs (35%), upper limbs (9%), multiple regions (6%), pelvis (3%), and others (7%). Gender differences also were noted-the predominant injury location in males was the head, followed by lower limbs; the opposite was true for females, though both regional injuries were fewer in females than in males. Students were 20% of the entire pedestrians, with nearly half of them injured by a motorcycle. The mechanism of injury included crossing a highway (63%), walking along the pavement (17%), standing by a bus stop (12%), at a shop/house (5%), and others (3%). However, 76% injuries occurred on highways, 22% on inner city roads, and 2% elsewhere. Vehicles included motorcycles (33%), cars (27%), buses (22%), trucks (6%), tricycles (2.4%), and other (9%). Overall fatality was 10% and about half were due to being knocked down by buses and cars. This study suggests a high incidence and significant underreporting of pedestrian injuries. A reduction in morbidity and mortality is possible (from head and lower limb injuries) by traffic calming techniques in crossing the highway, especially injuries due to being struck by motorcycles, cars, and buses.

Injury Prevention, 2010

My photographs describe the scene in most of our hospitals in Nigeria. While trauma is a leading ... more My photographs describe the scene in most of our hospitals in Nigeria. While trauma is a leading cause of death and mass casualties are frequent events in our hospitals, these patients are still subject of poor management with of course poor outcomes. The photographs show patients dumped on the floor on arrival due to easy overwhelming of hospital facilities. Patients

African Journal of Trauma, 2014

Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2007

Nigerian Journal of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2011

East African Medical Journal, 2001

Data on tuberculosis (TB) of the spine from Nigeria is scanty despite the endemicity of the disea... more Data on tuberculosis (TB) of the spine from Nigeria is scanty despite the endemicity of the disease. To highlight hospital data on spinal tuberculosis. A ten-year retrospective study of records on spinal TB from the medical records, orthopaedic and medical wards was done. The clinical notes, radiographs and haematology results of the patients were analysed. University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. All patients treated for spinal TB in the hospital from January 1990 to December 1999 were studied. Fifty patients were seen, 24 males and 26 females, age range 1.5-70 years (mean 27.1 +/- 22.8 years). Peak prevalence (30%) was in the first decade. Twenty seven patients had complete clinical data in their case notes. Twelve patients had paraplegia and three had concomitant pulmonary TB. The lumbar spine was the commonest site of involvement. Two thirds (18 patients) had positive mantoux test. Twenty three patients had chemotherapy but a third was lost to follow up within two months. Twenty one patients (77.8%) had difficulty obtaining the prescribed drugs due to financial difficulties. No patient had surgical intervention. Spinal TB is still a common disease in Nigeria with unacceptable laxity in control measures. There is need for patient health education, contact tracing, provision of free anti-TB drugs and a general improvement in the economy to reduce the prevalence of spinal TB in the country.

East African Medical Journal, 2004

Background : The term osteomyelitis (OSM) was first coined by Nelaton in 1844. Waldvogel et al, C... more Background : The term osteomyelitis (OSM) was first coined by Nelaton in 1844. Waldvogel et al, Cierny-Mader, May et al classifications of OSM from developed countries and Meier et al's from Nigeria have been described. Objective:This new classification was developed to highlight significant pathology seen in developing countries not covered by existing classifications. Design: A prospective study. Setting: University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Subjects: All OSM patients treated from January 1998 to June 2000. Main outcome measures: Age, sex, clinical features, radiographs and treatment offered were analysed. Five stages were recognised: stage 0 (potential OSM with bone contamination), stage I (early or acute OSM), stage II (intermediate OSM with subperiosteal abscess), stage III (late or chronic OSM with sequestrum and subdivided into IIIa 'curable', IIIb 'controllable', IIIc 'complicated'). Stage IV (compound OSM) with joint involvement: IVa, if anatomical and IVb if physiological. Patients' haemoglobin (Hb) status is added to the staging, for example stage II (Hb SS). Results: All 271 patients comprising 198 males and 73 females (M: F= 2.7: 1) with age range 2-48 years (mean 29.4 ± 12.2) were studied. Only 93 patients had Hb genotype done; only 42 had Hb S. The stage O had 184 patients (120 open fractures and 64 bone operations). Stage I had nine patients, stage II 19 patients, stage III 51 patients and stage IV eight. Conclusions: This new staging incorporates pre-emptive OSM seen in developing countries where certain practices, if unchecked lead to OSM. The severity of OSM featuring florid disease not common in the developed world, and for which existing classifications did not accommodate, is included.

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2002

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2001

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2000

Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 2015

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2000

ABSTRACT An audit is a useful means of examining improvements in the art and science of clinical ... more ABSTRACT An audit is a useful means of examining improvements in the art and science of clinical practice. We applied this to surgery to determine improved outcomes of fracture treatment by early operative reduction. This was carried out at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, by comparing two years, 1997 when there was less emphasis and 1998 when there was a greater emphasis on operative reduction of fractures. Hospital records in the orthopaedic wards, operating rooms and the physiotherapy unit of all patients admitted were reviewed retrospectively. Two years, 1997 and 1998 were analysed for age, sex, type of treatment and quality of outcome. A total of 247 admissions into orthopaedic wards were made in 1997 leading to 79 major operations, 20 of which were operative reduction of fractures (25.3 %). In 1998, 239 patients were admitted out of which 174 major operations were performed, 72 of which were operative reductions (41.4 %, P = 0.014). Patients' stay in hospital was shorter in 1998 with 81% of patients staying 3 months and less compared to 40 % in 1997 (P = 0.000). Improved outcome of stiff knee joints from physiotherapy was judged good and excellent in 66.7 % and 20 % in 1998 compared to 28.3 % (P = 0.00005) and 1.9 % (P = 0.003) in 1997, respectively. These results suggest generally improved outcome when fractures are treated by early operative reduction because of shorter hospital stay, early return to work, improved nursing care and joint function. (Nig J Surg Res 2000; 2:114-122) KEY WORDS: Surgical Audit, Operative reduction, Fractures, Outcome

West African journal of medicine

Presentation of a scientific work is a learned skill that requires constant improvement especiall... more Presentation of a scientific work is a learned skill that requires constant improvement especially now with the use of computer aided presentation--Microsoft PowerPoint. It addresses the peculiarities of preparation for a conference in a developing country. Description of personal experience acquired through training and practice at scientific conferences has been stated. Relevant books and articles have been cited. The four parts of a presentation (preparation, presentation proper, questions and answer sessions and handling stage fright) and the effects of successful presentations have been highlighted. Scientific presentations are essential to a researcher throughout life and the skills can be learned and/ or improved upon through desire to learn, determination to succeed, training and constant practice of the process.

Annual proceedings / Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine

Pre-hospital care in developing worlds has been found to be grossly deficient compared to high in... more Pre-hospital care in developing worlds has been found to be grossly deficient compared to high income countries. The pre-hospital care given to road accident victims attending the casualty departments of four tertiary level hospitals in South Western Nigeria was assessed using a one-page pro-forma. 1996 patients with injuries from road crashes were seen in the hospitals, only 172 had any form of pre-hospital care, just 160 were transported in ambulances and none had any form of organized pre-hospital care. The mean arrival time in the hospital after crashes was 93.6 minutes and there was a high rate (29.5%) of inter-hospital referral. For every Revised Trauma Score (RTS), the Probability of survival (Ps) of the patients was higher than the Ps of patients from high income countries.

The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal

An audit of surgical emergencies was carried out to monitor acute trauma care and determine areas... more An audit of surgical emergencies was carried out to monitor acute trauma care and determine areas needing clinical improvement. This is essential for the development of institutional and national health policies on trauma and non-trauma diseases. All patients attending the surgical Accident and Emergency were studied prospectively from September 1999 to August 2000 to obtain their age, sex and diagnosis and to determine causes and injury-arrival time for trauma cases and the outcome of care for all cases. Out of 2,455 patients comprising 1,696 males and 759 females (M:F = 2.2:1) age range two weeks to 95 years, trauma accounted for 1,679 (68.4%). The median age (and the mode) of presentation overall and in males was in the third decade. Females had a 'plateau' age of presentation for the first four decades before the gradual fall to zero. Superficial skin trauma (lacerations, abrasions and bruises) represents the commonest presentation (16.1%) followed by fractures (13.9%), ...

West African journal of medicine

Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2009

Efficient pre-hospital transport (emergency medical services, EMS) is associated with improved ou... more Efficient pre-hospital transport (emergency medical services, EMS) is associated with improved outcomes in road traffic injuries (RTI). This study aims to discover possible interventions in the existing mode of transport. Persons bringing all RTI victims to the Emergency room (ER) over a 4-year period and the injury arrival intervals were noted prospectively. There were 2,624 patients (1,886 males and 738 females); only 2,046 (78%) had clear documentations of three categories of persons bringing victims to ER: Relatives (REL, 1,081, 52.83%); Police/Federal Road Safety Corps (P/F, 827, 40.42%) and Bystanders (BS, 138, 6.74%). No intervention was provided during transport: Within 1 hour, 986 victims (48.2% of 2,046) arrived ERbrought by P/F (448, 21.9%), REL (439, 21.5% of 2,046), and BS (99, 4.8%). These figures, in each instance, represent 40.6 % of total victims brought by REL; 54.2% by P/F and 71.7% by BS. However, after 6 hours, REL were the main active group as they brought 94.5...

Pan African Medical Journal, 2014

Road traffic injury (RTI) has assumed major public health importance world-wide and the burden is... more Road traffic injury (RTI) has assumed major public health importance world-wide and the burden is heavier on the health-care infrastructure of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, RTI is the leading cause of trauma related morbidity and mortality. While there are some published epidemiological reports on RTI in the region, studies on the mechanism of causation of road traffic crashes (RTC) are not available. Over a 9-month period, we prospectively captured the 571 victims of RTC presenting to a single tertiary health care center in Nigeria. Data collected include demographic data, Mechanism of causation of RTC, Injuries sustained and outcomes. Over three-quarters of the victims are young people and half were either traders (27.5%) or students (20%). Pedestrians, motorcycle riders and open truck occupants (people sitting at the rear loading compartment of trucks) often had fatal injuries. Analysis of collision patterns showed that lone crashes were the most frequent though car-to-motorcycle crashes caused a quarter of the deaths. Host factors (over-speeding driver, driver misjudgment, sleeping driver etc.) were responsible for four-fifths of the crashes while vehicular and environmental factors accounted for the remaining. On binary regression analysis, head injured victims had higher odds of dying than the non-head injured (Odds ratio = 6.5). This paper elucidates the mechanisms of causation of and types of injuries sustained following RTC in Nigeria and thus provide opportunities for prevention and control of this unacceptable situation.

Traffic Injury Prevention, 2014

Since the first pedestrian road fatality of 1896, pedestrians still remain vulnerable, with fatal... more Since the first pedestrian road fatality of 1896, pedestrians still remain vulnerable, with fatalities in Africa being 55% of global statistics. Many previous reports from Nigeria have emphasized passengers and drivers over pedestrians; this study was done in the most densely populated Nigerian city with no previous publication exclusively dedicated to pedestrians-the megacity has been projected by the World Bank to be the third largest in the world by 2015 (after Tokyo and Mumbai), so the study results would aid injury control and reduce morbidity and mortality. This is a one-year prospective study on pedestrians attending the surgical emergency room of the busiest referral hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, detailing age, sex, occupation, regions injured, injury mechanism, incident vehicles, highway collisions, and immediate outcomes. Some 702 pedestrians were seen, including 494 (70%) males with overall peak incidence in the third decade, but the peak incidence among females is lower and in the first decade. Common injuries sustained were to the head (40%), lower limbs (35%), upper limbs (9%), multiple regions (6%), pelvis (3%), and others (7%). Gender differences also were noted-the predominant injury location in males was the head, followed by lower limbs; the opposite was true for females, though both regional injuries were fewer in females than in males. Students were 20% of the entire pedestrians, with nearly half of them injured by a motorcycle. The mechanism of injury included crossing a highway (63%), walking along the pavement (17%), standing by a bus stop (12%), at a shop/house (5%), and others (3%). However, 76% injuries occurred on highways, 22% on inner city roads, and 2% elsewhere. Vehicles included motorcycles (33%), cars (27%), buses (22%), trucks (6%), tricycles (2.4%), and other (9%). Overall fatality was 10% and about half were due to being knocked down by buses and cars. This study suggests a high incidence and significant underreporting of pedestrian injuries. A reduction in morbidity and mortality is possible (from head and lower limb injuries) by traffic calming techniques in crossing the highway, especially injuries due to being struck by motorcycles, cars, and buses.

Injury Prevention, 2010

My photographs describe the scene in most of our hospitals in Nigeria. While trauma is a leading ... more My photographs describe the scene in most of our hospitals in Nigeria. While trauma is a leading cause of death and mass casualties are frequent events in our hospitals, these patients are still subject of poor management with of course poor outcomes. The photographs show patients dumped on the floor on arrival due to easy overwhelming of hospital facilities. Patients