Salami Olawale | Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Papers by Salami Olawale
African Journal For Biomedical Research , 2013
Microbiological quality and safety of street foods and ready-to-eat vegetables were assessed in s... more Microbiological quality and safety of street foods and ready-to-eat vegetables were assessed in some cities in Nigeria in order to ascertain their hygienic status. The foods include cooked rice, boiled and roasted maize, plantain chips, puff-puff, lettuce, cabbage, spring onions, cucumber, carrot and tomatoes. Standard microbiological procedures and techniques were used to enumerate, isolate, identify and characterize the different microorganisms associated with the foods assessed. The average holding temperature (0 C) of foods sold hot ranged from 51 0 C-70 0 C, and for foods sold cold ranged from 25 0 C-35 0 C. Average aerobic bacteria for hot foods ranged between 2.4 x 10 4-2.0 x 10 6 while cold foods ranged between 2.2-5.5 x 10 5. Enterobacteriaceae counts for hot foods ranged between 1.1 x 10 3-2.0 x 10 5 ; for cold foods 2.4 x 10 3-1.6 x 10 6. The yeast and mould count for hot food samples ranged from 1.1 x 10 3-3.0 x 10 5 ; for cold foods 1.4 x 10 3-2.0 x 10 5. Organisms isolated were Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp; Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Rhizopus sp; Aspergillus spp; Penicillium spp. and Mucor spp. The isolation of food-borne pathogens may constitute potential health hazard to consumers. Need for routine monitoring of street vended foods and ready-to-eat vegetables by health agencies are advocated.
The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology , 2021
Background: The interest in larvicides of plant origin is generally renewed in vector control bec... more Background: The interest in larvicides of plant origin is generally renewed in vector control because of their safety compared to synthetic larvicides. However, there are concerns about the relative safety dose of these phytochemicals on non-target organisms which led to the development of plant derived nanoparticles. In this study, we examined the bioefficacy of low doses of two green synthesized nanoparticles on immature stages of Anopheles mosquitoes in Nigeria. Aqueous plants (Moringa oleifera and Ficus exasperata) extracts were used in the biosynthesis. The prepared Ag-NPs were characterizations using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Third and early fourth instars of known susceptible laboratory strains of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (KISUMU strains) and pyrethroid resistant field strain of An. gambiae were exposed to serial dilutions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 2.5 ppm of each phyto nanoparticles. Moribund and dead larvae were observed after 24 and 48 h post exposure, and the results were analysed with descriptive statistics. Results: With the laboratory mosquitoes, Moringa oleifera AgNP effected high mortalities of 88-100% (LC 50 = 0.39 ppm; LC 95 = 0.62 ppm) at 24 h post exposure except at the lowest concentration, while Ficus exasperate AgNP induced a 32-100% mortality (LC 50 = 0.51 ppm; LC 95 = 1.15 ppm) except at the lowest concentration. In the field populations, mortality in Moringa oleifera and Ficus exasperata was 23-93% (LC 50 = 0.65 ppm; LC 95 = 2.28 ppm) and 37-50% (LC 50 = 1.51 ppm; LC 95 = 391.64 ppm) respectively. There was no significant difference in mortality values between the laboratory and field strains (P < 0.05) at both 24 and 48 h post exposure times. Conclusions: Overall, the study demonstrates the bioefficacy and potential use of green synthesized nanoparticles, at very low concentrations for the control of Anopheles larvae even in areas where resistance to the current chemical insecticides have been reported.
ABSTRACTInfluenza D virus (IDV) was first reported in pigs in the USA, and since then the virus h... more ABSTRACTInfluenza D virus (IDV) was first reported in pigs in the USA, and since then the virus has become a public health issue. In Nigeria, no work has been done on IDV despite the manifestation of influenza-like illness in cattle. This study aimed at molecular surveillance of IDV in cattle in Lagos. Prospective epidemiological investigation was initiated in a large commercial farm market where animals in open pens are reared, sold, and butchered under poor hygienic conditions without adequate biosecurity measures. A total of 80 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected between October and November 2021. The samples were extracted using an RNA purification kit (NIMR). RNA extracts were amplified following a two-step PCR using FIREScript RT cDNA synthesis kit (Solis Biodyne, Estonia), followed by PCR OneTaq Quick-load 2x master-mix (NEB, UK) in a Rotor-Gene thermocycler (Qiagen, Germany). Amplicons were detected using a 1.5% Gel electrophoresis. IDV was detected in 26/80 (32.5%) cattle. ...
Drafts by Salami Olawale
Although the WHO declared Mpox (monkeypox) as the 7th aetiology of public health emergency of int... more Although the WHO declared Mpox (monkeypox) as the 7th aetiology of public health emergency of international concern
(PHEIC) in 2022, Africa remains a battlefield for the emergence and re-emergence of deadly aetiologies including the Lassa
fever virus from 1969, mpox virus from 1970, and Ebola virus from 1976 till date, among others. With the recent index case
of mpox following rapid spread from Africa to different continents, a critical appraisal of the disease to x-ray its dynamics
in Africa for research gap identification and policy implementation is warranted. This study integrated a mix of scoping
and systematic reviews to converse the epidemiology and biosecurity/environmental issues from One Health perspective.
Our scoping review used major scientific databases based on their relevance, reliability, and robust indexed contents, while
the PROSPERO registered systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Phylogenetic analysis was piloted to equate
recent outbreaks of mpox with the existing genotypic information. The genetic analysis conducted focused on the H3L
gene that codes for envelope proteins involved in viral attachment. Transmission of mpox virus was reported mainly in
four (4) routes. Animals implicated include monkeys, squirrels, and pigs. Reported risk factors include age, sex, occupation,
climate, travels, political instability, and vaccination status. Reported circulating strains on the continent include Congo-8,
Liberia-1, Sierra Leone, MPV-ZAI, Central African, West African (WA), and the Congo basin mpox virus. Eight (8) point
mutations were observed to occur in Africa with resultant amino acid changes. Observed clustering within the predominant
West African clade and the recent outbreak strains corroborate the reports of WA clade in other non-African and nonendemic countries. Viral adaptation in the WA clade enhanced person-to-person transmissibility that culminated in its
spread to over 100 countries. Hence, there is need to address the mpox host-associated physiological and biochemical
changes, development of mpox virus-specific diagnostic kits and vaccine, studies on the socio-ecological, economic and
psychological consequences of the disease. We recommend policy implementation focused on African-led drug discovery
campaigns towards mpox virus, national and/or international frameworks for controlling the disease as part of the holistic
and strategic campaigns for controlling mpox virus in Africa.
African Journal For Biomedical Research , 2013
Microbiological quality and safety of street foods and ready-to-eat vegetables were assessed in s... more Microbiological quality and safety of street foods and ready-to-eat vegetables were assessed in some cities in Nigeria in order to ascertain their hygienic status. The foods include cooked rice, boiled and roasted maize, plantain chips, puff-puff, lettuce, cabbage, spring onions, cucumber, carrot and tomatoes. Standard microbiological procedures and techniques were used to enumerate, isolate, identify and characterize the different microorganisms associated with the foods assessed. The average holding temperature (0 C) of foods sold hot ranged from 51 0 C-70 0 C, and for foods sold cold ranged from 25 0 C-35 0 C. Average aerobic bacteria for hot foods ranged between 2.4 x 10 4-2.0 x 10 6 while cold foods ranged between 2.2-5.5 x 10 5. Enterobacteriaceae counts for hot foods ranged between 1.1 x 10 3-2.0 x 10 5 ; for cold foods 2.4 x 10 3-1.6 x 10 6. The yeast and mould count for hot food samples ranged from 1.1 x 10 3-3.0 x 10 5 ; for cold foods 1.4 x 10 3-2.0 x 10 5. Organisms isolated were Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp; Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Rhizopus sp; Aspergillus spp; Penicillium spp. and Mucor spp. The isolation of food-borne pathogens may constitute potential health hazard to consumers. Need for routine monitoring of street vended foods and ready-to-eat vegetables by health agencies are advocated.
The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology , 2021
Background: The interest in larvicides of plant origin is generally renewed in vector control bec... more Background: The interest in larvicides of plant origin is generally renewed in vector control because of their safety compared to synthetic larvicides. However, there are concerns about the relative safety dose of these phytochemicals on non-target organisms which led to the development of plant derived nanoparticles. In this study, we examined the bioefficacy of low doses of two green synthesized nanoparticles on immature stages of Anopheles mosquitoes in Nigeria. Aqueous plants (Moringa oleifera and Ficus exasperata) extracts were used in the biosynthesis. The prepared Ag-NPs were characterizations using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Third and early fourth instars of known susceptible laboratory strains of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (KISUMU strains) and pyrethroid resistant field strain of An. gambiae were exposed to serial dilutions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 2.5 ppm of each phyto nanoparticles. Moribund and dead larvae were observed after 24 and 48 h post exposure, and the results were analysed with descriptive statistics. Results: With the laboratory mosquitoes, Moringa oleifera AgNP effected high mortalities of 88-100% (LC 50 = 0.39 ppm; LC 95 = 0.62 ppm) at 24 h post exposure except at the lowest concentration, while Ficus exasperate AgNP induced a 32-100% mortality (LC 50 = 0.51 ppm; LC 95 = 1.15 ppm) except at the lowest concentration. In the field populations, mortality in Moringa oleifera and Ficus exasperata was 23-93% (LC 50 = 0.65 ppm; LC 95 = 2.28 ppm) and 37-50% (LC 50 = 1.51 ppm; LC 95 = 391.64 ppm) respectively. There was no significant difference in mortality values between the laboratory and field strains (P < 0.05) at both 24 and 48 h post exposure times. Conclusions: Overall, the study demonstrates the bioefficacy and potential use of green synthesized nanoparticles, at very low concentrations for the control of Anopheles larvae even in areas where resistance to the current chemical insecticides have been reported.
ABSTRACTInfluenza D virus (IDV) was first reported in pigs in the USA, and since then the virus h... more ABSTRACTInfluenza D virus (IDV) was first reported in pigs in the USA, and since then the virus has become a public health issue. In Nigeria, no work has been done on IDV despite the manifestation of influenza-like illness in cattle. This study aimed at molecular surveillance of IDV in cattle in Lagos. Prospective epidemiological investigation was initiated in a large commercial farm market where animals in open pens are reared, sold, and butchered under poor hygienic conditions without adequate biosecurity measures. A total of 80 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected between October and November 2021. The samples were extracted using an RNA purification kit (NIMR). RNA extracts were amplified following a two-step PCR using FIREScript RT cDNA synthesis kit (Solis Biodyne, Estonia), followed by PCR OneTaq Quick-load 2x master-mix (NEB, UK) in a Rotor-Gene thermocycler (Qiagen, Germany). Amplicons were detected using a 1.5% Gel electrophoresis. IDV was detected in 26/80 (32.5%) cattle. ...
Although the WHO declared Mpox (monkeypox) as the 7th aetiology of public health emergency of int... more Although the WHO declared Mpox (monkeypox) as the 7th aetiology of public health emergency of international concern
(PHEIC) in 2022, Africa remains a battlefield for the emergence and re-emergence of deadly aetiologies including the Lassa
fever virus from 1969, mpox virus from 1970, and Ebola virus from 1976 till date, among others. With the recent index case
of mpox following rapid spread from Africa to different continents, a critical appraisal of the disease to x-ray its dynamics
in Africa for research gap identification and policy implementation is warranted. This study integrated a mix of scoping
and systematic reviews to converse the epidemiology and biosecurity/environmental issues from One Health perspective.
Our scoping review used major scientific databases based on their relevance, reliability, and robust indexed contents, while
the PROSPERO registered systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Phylogenetic analysis was piloted to equate
recent outbreaks of mpox with the existing genotypic information. The genetic analysis conducted focused on the H3L
gene that codes for envelope proteins involved in viral attachment. Transmission of mpox virus was reported mainly in
four (4) routes. Animals implicated include monkeys, squirrels, and pigs. Reported risk factors include age, sex, occupation,
climate, travels, political instability, and vaccination status. Reported circulating strains on the continent include Congo-8,
Liberia-1, Sierra Leone, MPV-ZAI, Central African, West African (WA), and the Congo basin mpox virus. Eight (8) point
mutations were observed to occur in Africa with resultant amino acid changes. Observed clustering within the predominant
West African clade and the recent outbreak strains corroborate the reports of WA clade in other non-African and nonendemic countries. Viral adaptation in the WA clade enhanced person-to-person transmissibility that culminated in its
spread to over 100 countries. Hence, there is need to address the mpox host-associated physiological and biochemical
changes, development of mpox virus-specific diagnostic kits and vaccine, studies on the socio-ecological, economic and
psychological consequences of the disease. We recommend policy implementation focused on African-led drug discovery
campaigns towards mpox virus, national and/or international frameworks for controlling the disease as part of the holistic
and strategic campaigns for controlling mpox virus in Africa.