David Frankel | La Trobe University (original) (raw)

Papers by David Frankel

Metioessa, 2022

A greater understanding of all the factors affecting site formation and the contexts of artefact ... more A greater understanding of all the factors affecting site formation and the contexts of artefact deposition and discard
allow a reconsideration of older excavations and potentials for developing new interpretations. In this paper I will use
frameworks of this kind to look anew at the Neolithic settlement of Sotira Teppes in Cyprus, a site that was extensively
excavated and published by Porphyrios Dikaios over 60 years ago. The quality of his work has encouraged several earlier
re-analyses of its structure and history. Here I will attempt another, paying particular attention to the contexts of
deposition defined by the excavator. This approach, applied to selected subsets of the assemblages, allows alternative
patterns to emerge. These allow different insights and explanations for aspects of the site and its history.

Australian Journal of Jewish Studies, 2022

As in many other times and places Jews of seventeenth century Amsterdam developed an acceptance o... more As in many other times and places Jews of seventeenth century Amsterdam developed an acceptance of and conformity to the social and cultural context of the host society. Aspects of this accommodation are explored in relation to an analysis of the illustrations in the Amsterdam Passover Haggadah, published in 1695 and 1712, scenes which were destined to become the archetypes for subsequent printed and handmade versions for the next three centuries. The images themselves were based on historical and biblical illustrations by Matthais Merian the Elder. Here their selection, modification and transformation from a secular or Christian into a Jewish context takes as a starting point the re-imagining of a picture of Romulus and Remus as Moses and the Egyptian overseer.

Agora. Vol. 54.1, pp.43–52, 2019

New Directions in Cypriot Archaeology, 2019

THRAVSMA. Contextualising the Intentional Destruction of Objects in the Bronze Age Aegean and Cyprus, 2015

Antiquity 88 (340): 425–440., 2014

When fire swept through a workshop at Ambelikou Aletri on Cyprus in the nineteenth or twentieth... more When fire swept through a workshop at
Ambelikou Aletri on Cyprus in the nineteenth
or twentieth century BC it brought a sudden
halt to pottery production, leaving the latest
batch of recently fired vessels. The remains
of the kiln and its immediate surroundings
provide a rare opportunity to gain direct
insight into the technology and organisation of
a Middle Bronze Age pottery workshop in the
eastern Mediterranean. Analysis of the batch
of cutaway-mouthed jugs adjacent to the kiln
reveals a level of standardisation focused more
on vessel shape than capacity, and shows that
at a detailed level, no two jugs were alike.
This pottery production site provides vital
background for the study of contemporary pottery assemblages on Cyprus and elsewhere in the broader region

Luna Insight on-line archive, la Trobe University, 2007

The Deneia area was a major focus of habitation for over 2000 years, throughout the Bronze Age in... more The Deneia area was a major focus of habitation for over 2000 years, throughout the Bronze Age into the Iron Age. Thousands of chamber tombs make up the Kafkalla and Mali cemeteries. Few have been scientifically excavated or reported, but generations of tomb-looters have had a major impact on these heritage sites. Nevertheless, thousands of pottery fragments remain in the tomb chambers, providing an important resource for the archaeology of Bronze Age Cyprus. In 2003 and 2004 the Australian Cyprus Expedition based at La Trobe University, together with the University of Cyprus Archaeological Research Unit, undertook extensive surveys of the cemeteries and sampled a number of the looted tombs. Over 1000 pottery fragments are presented here, showing the great richness of the site and illustrating the range and quality of Bronze Age pottery from Cyprus. Further details are published in D. Frankel and J.M. Webb, 2007. The Bronze Age Cemeteries at Deneia in Cyprus. SIMA CXXXV, Sävedalen.

Antiquity.80:287–302, 2006

This paper shows the remarkable level of social history that can be drawn from the high quality e... more This paper shows the remarkable level of social history that can be drawn from the high quality excavation and analysis of a well-preserved stratigraphic sequence. A Bronze Age settlement in Cyprus could be defined as a series of households, comprising dwellings, outbuildings and courtyards that were established, extended, replaced or abandoned over some 500 years. The authors’ interpretation offers intimate access to the private lives of the inhabitants over a period in which their settlement grew from a village to a town and then reverted to a deserted ruin.

In B.J. Parker and C.P. Foster (eds), New Perspectives on Household Archaeology. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake. pp. 473–500, 2012

The small prehistoric village at Marki in central Cyprus was occupied from the beginning of the E... more The small prehistoric village at Marki in central Cyprus was occupied from the beginning of the Early Bronze Age (about 2350 b.c.e.) to the middle years of the Middle Bronze Age (about 1850 b.c.e.). A decade of field research has exposed 2000 square m in one part of the site, providing evidence of household structure and development over some 500 years (Frankel and Webb 1996, 2006a). The sequence can be divided into nine phases of construction and use, showing a pattern of growth, development, and decline in the extent and density of buildings. In this essay, the approaches and concepts underlying the archaeological procedures used to explore this site are discussed, leading into a summary of the history of the village. Variability in house form and elements of continuity and transformation provide the basis for an exploration of dynamic adjustments at different scales, from individual domestic cycles to broader relationships. These observations allow insights into aspects of social organization and decision making within this community over many generations.

American Journal of Archaeology 117,1: 59-81, 2013

The homogeneous material culture that is characteristic of the earliest phase of the Cypriot Bron... more The homogeneous material culture that is characteristic of the earliest phase of the Cypriot Bronze Age (the Philia phase) broke down ca. 2300–2250 B.C.E. This change was prompted by the collapse of the eastern Mediterranean systems of interaction that provided the framework for the distribution of copper from Cyprus and in turn underpinned internal social and economic networks. Different responses to this event can be discerned across the island in the following Early Cypriot I–II period. On the north coast, elaborate pottery production and complex funerary practices suggest a more or less direct evolution from an earlier system founded on economic centrality to one in which status and authority were structured in different, ritually more complex ways. In contrast, the south coast and central lowlands took a different path. Here, ceramics and mortuary facilities characterized by informality and conformity suggest that social equivalence and inclusion were more important than the assertion of individual or subgroup status, perhaps signalling a return to earlier ideological structures

Levant 42:185–209., 2010

Early Bronze Age communities on the north coast of Cyprus developed a distinctive ceramic traditi... more Early Bronze Age communities on the north coast of Cyprus developed a distinctive ceramic tradition with a rich array of forms, including ritual vessels with symbolically complex decoration reflecting the importance of horned animals and other phenomena in a local cosmology. These were deposited in tombs together with decorated drinking bowls and quantities of cattle bones, suggesting the high cost of funerary events. In addition, some tombs appear to have been the scene of ongoing ritual activities and possibly mortuary ‘shrines’. These and other forms of patterned behaviour relating to death and burial served to promote new forms of authority through connections with ancestors. North coast mortuary ceremonial also played a key role in the longer term development of ritual iconography and ritualized practices in Bronze Age Cyprus.

European Journal of Archaeology 3:167–187., 2000

During the third millennium BCE there were major changes in many aspects of Cypriot material cult... more During the third millennium BCE there were major changes in many aspects of Cypriot material culture, technology and economy which characterize the division between the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age on the island. Many innovations can be traced to Anatolian antecedents. These include a very wide array of domestic as well as agricultural and industrial technologies. Their nature and range make it possible to argue strongly for the movement of people to the island, rather than for other mechanisms of technology transfer and culture change. This identification of an intrusive group, with distinctive patterns of behaviour (habitus), opens up questions of prehistoric ethnicity, and the processes by which the initial maintenance of different lifeways by indigenous and settler communities eventually gave way to a common cultural system.

Journal of Archaeological Science 39.5:1380–1387, 2012

Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysis of several hundred samples of Early and Middle Bronze... more Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysis of several hundred samples of Early and Middle Bronze Age Cypriot pottery from four widely separated sites identifies both local and non-local products at each. A series of analyses of subsets of the data highlights differences in the clays used at each site and for some distinctive types and wares. When assessed in the context of general typological, technological and stylistic factors these variations provide the basis for considering patterns of local production and inter-regional relationships across the island. Although the great majority of pots were locally made, particular wares and shapes were brought in from elsewhere. For some sites imports are generally finer, more highly decorated vessels, but at others both simpler and more complex vessels were made of the same clays. While small juglets or flasks may have been containers for transporting small quantities of rare substances, larger vessels could have held far larger amounts of less precious material. Open vessels, especially small bowls – some of which are plain, utilitarian items – represent another aspect of social behaviour and inter-regional relationships.

Oxford Journal of Archaeology 25:261–288., 2006

This paper presents the results of chemical and lead isotope analyses of 17 Early and Middle Bro... more This paper presents the results of chemical and lead isotope
analyses of 17 Early and Middle Bronze Age artefacts from Cyprus. These suggest that a number of objects are of non-Cypriot copper and lead to the identification of several as imports, a new explanation for some artefact types as ingots and a discussion of the nature of deposits at the key Cypriot site of
Vasilia. This in turn allows a reconsideration of the role of Cyprus in an Aegean/eastern Mediterranean metals trade in the early years of the second half of the third millennium BC and of the development of metalworking on the island.

European Journal of Archaeology 16: 94–115, 2013

Excavations at the small Chalcolithic site of Politiko-Kokkinorotsos in central Cyprus show that ... more Excavations at the small Chalcolithic site of Politiko-Kokkinorotsos in central Cyprus show that it was occupied about 2880–2670 cal BC. Fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) form the major component of the substantial faunal assemblage. The structure of the animal population suggests a seasonal hunting site, an interpretation consistent with the lack of formal architecture and the range of stone tools. In this paper independent odontochronological analyses of deer and caprine are used to test and confirm the model of seasonal culling in spring and summer based on more general indicators. The results suggest a pattern of varied, specialised site-types and activities in different parts of the island and in different ecological zones and add considerably to our understanding of cultural systems on the island in the early third millennium BC.

In J.M. Webb and D. Frankel (eds). After Fifty Years: Contributions to Mediterranean Archaeology. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology CXXXVII, Lund, pp. 25–31, 2012

… and in his brain,— Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit After a voyage,—he hath strange p... more … and in his brain,—
Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit
After a voyage,—he hath strange places crammed
With observation, the which he vents
In mangled forms.
As You Like It Act 2 Scene 7: 38–42

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 11:242–256., 1998

A developing debate on the nature of archaeological knowledge has raised awareness of the theory~... more A developing debate on the nature of archaeological knowledge has raised awareness of the theory~laden nature of data in the context of excavation. One aspect which has received insufficient attention is the way in which analytical units of stratigraphic or other relationships are defined and applied, and how these impinge on, or pre-empt later interpretations. In this study) these issues are explored using the example of Marki Alonia, a Bronze Age settlement in Cyprus. This paper attempts to illustrate how concepts and methods of chronostratigraphic analysis and an understanding of depositional processes form a key component of the chain of connection linking observation, documenation, analytical construction and explanation

Antiquity 67:875–877, 1993

Our special section on heritage in the June issue took the conventional current view that excovat... more Our special section on heritage in the June issue took the conventional current view that excovation is destruction. A more creative vision is offered.

In M. Iacovou (ed.), Archaeological Field Survey in Cyprus. Past History, Future Potentials. British School at Athens Studies11:125-137., 2004

Combined excavation, surface and sub-surface survey at Marki in Cyprus presents an opportunity to... more Combined excavation, surface and sub-surface survey at Marki in Cyprus presents an opportunity to examine issues relevant to regional survey. These relate, in particular, to estimates of site-size and the recognition of sites with multiple components. Models of site formation and history are developed to illustrate relationships between surface material and the extent of ancient settlements at different points in time. These suggest that population-per-hectare estimates based on surface debris significantly exaggerate ancient habitation. Initial phases of long-term settlement are, further, unlikely to appear in the survey record. This may explain the paucity of identified earliest Bronze Age sites in some parts of the island and allow a better understanding of the development of broadly-based Early Cypriot systems.

Antiquity 83:54–68. , 2009

Is a cemetery that has been robbed and pillaged for generations worthy of systematic research? It... more Is a cemetery that has been robbed and pillaged for generations worthy of systematic research? It certainly is, given the application of a well conceived and executed project design. The authors show that the precise investigation of tomb architecture and identification of residual pottery can allow the detailed mapping of funerary practice over large areas of space and periods of time. Here they develop a narrative of increasing population and funerary investment through the Bronze Age in central north Cyprus. And having recorded 1286 pillaged tombs they call attention to the value of what still remains and the dangers that such monuments still face. The fact that a
cemetery has been damaged is no reason to sacrifice it to the bulldozer.

Metioessa, 2022

A greater understanding of all the factors affecting site formation and the contexts of artefact ... more A greater understanding of all the factors affecting site formation and the contexts of artefact deposition and discard
allow a reconsideration of older excavations and potentials for developing new interpretations. In this paper I will use
frameworks of this kind to look anew at the Neolithic settlement of Sotira Teppes in Cyprus, a site that was extensively
excavated and published by Porphyrios Dikaios over 60 years ago. The quality of his work has encouraged several earlier
re-analyses of its structure and history. Here I will attempt another, paying particular attention to the contexts of
deposition defined by the excavator. This approach, applied to selected subsets of the assemblages, allows alternative
patterns to emerge. These allow different insights and explanations for aspects of the site and its history.

Australian Journal of Jewish Studies, 2022

As in many other times and places Jews of seventeenth century Amsterdam developed an acceptance o... more As in many other times and places Jews of seventeenth century Amsterdam developed an acceptance of and conformity to the social and cultural context of the host society. Aspects of this accommodation are explored in relation to an analysis of the illustrations in the Amsterdam Passover Haggadah, published in 1695 and 1712, scenes which were destined to become the archetypes for subsequent printed and handmade versions for the next three centuries. The images themselves were based on historical and biblical illustrations by Matthais Merian the Elder. Here their selection, modification and transformation from a secular or Christian into a Jewish context takes as a starting point the re-imagining of a picture of Romulus and Remus as Moses and the Egyptian overseer.

Agora. Vol. 54.1, pp.43–52, 2019

New Directions in Cypriot Archaeology, 2019

THRAVSMA. Contextualising the Intentional Destruction of Objects in the Bronze Age Aegean and Cyprus, 2015

Antiquity 88 (340): 425–440., 2014

When fire swept through a workshop at Ambelikou Aletri on Cyprus in the nineteenth or twentieth... more When fire swept through a workshop at
Ambelikou Aletri on Cyprus in the nineteenth
or twentieth century BC it brought a sudden
halt to pottery production, leaving the latest
batch of recently fired vessels. The remains
of the kiln and its immediate surroundings
provide a rare opportunity to gain direct
insight into the technology and organisation of
a Middle Bronze Age pottery workshop in the
eastern Mediterranean. Analysis of the batch
of cutaway-mouthed jugs adjacent to the kiln
reveals a level of standardisation focused more
on vessel shape than capacity, and shows that
at a detailed level, no two jugs were alike.
This pottery production site provides vital
background for the study of contemporary pottery assemblages on Cyprus and elsewhere in the broader region

Luna Insight on-line archive, la Trobe University, 2007

The Deneia area was a major focus of habitation for over 2000 years, throughout the Bronze Age in... more The Deneia area was a major focus of habitation for over 2000 years, throughout the Bronze Age into the Iron Age. Thousands of chamber tombs make up the Kafkalla and Mali cemeteries. Few have been scientifically excavated or reported, but generations of tomb-looters have had a major impact on these heritage sites. Nevertheless, thousands of pottery fragments remain in the tomb chambers, providing an important resource for the archaeology of Bronze Age Cyprus. In 2003 and 2004 the Australian Cyprus Expedition based at La Trobe University, together with the University of Cyprus Archaeological Research Unit, undertook extensive surveys of the cemeteries and sampled a number of the looted tombs. Over 1000 pottery fragments are presented here, showing the great richness of the site and illustrating the range and quality of Bronze Age pottery from Cyprus. Further details are published in D. Frankel and J.M. Webb, 2007. The Bronze Age Cemeteries at Deneia in Cyprus. SIMA CXXXV, Sävedalen.

Antiquity.80:287–302, 2006

This paper shows the remarkable level of social history that can be drawn from the high quality e... more This paper shows the remarkable level of social history that can be drawn from the high quality excavation and analysis of a well-preserved stratigraphic sequence. A Bronze Age settlement in Cyprus could be defined as a series of households, comprising dwellings, outbuildings and courtyards that were established, extended, replaced or abandoned over some 500 years. The authors’ interpretation offers intimate access to the private lives of the inhabitants over a period in which their settlement grew from a village to a town and then reverted to a deserted ruin.

In B.J. Parker and C.P. Foster (eds), New Perspectives on Household Archaeology. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake. pp. 473–500, 2012

The small prehistoric village at Marki in central Cyprus was occupied from the beginning of the E... more The small prehistoric village at Marki in central Cyprus was occupied from the beginning of the Early Bronze Age (about 2350 b.c.e.) to the middle years of the Middle Bronze Age (about 1850 b.c.e.). A decade of field research has exposed 2000 square m in one part of the site, providing evidence of household structure and development over some 500 years (Frankel and Webb 1996, 2006a). The sequence can be divided into nine phases of construction and use, showing a pattern of growth, development, and decline in the extent and density of buildings. In this essay, the approaches and concepts underlying the archaeological procedures used to explore this site are discussed, leading into a summary of the history of the village. Variability in house form and elements of continuity and transformation provide the basis for an exploration of dynamic adjustments at different scales, from individual domestic cycles to broader relationships. These observations allow insights into aspects of social organization and decision making within this community over many generations.

American Journal of Archaeology 117,1: 59-81, 2013

The homogeneous material culture that is characteristic of the earliest phase of the Cypriot Bron... more The homogeneous material culture that is characteristic of the earliest phase of the Cypriot Bronze Age (the Philia phase) broke down ca. 2300–2250 B.C.E. This change was prompted by the collapse of the eastern Mediterranean systems of interaction that provided the framework for the distribution of copper from Cyprus and in turn underpinned internal social and economic networks. Different responses to this event can be discerned across the island in the following Early Cypriot I–II period. On the north coast, elaborate pottery production and complex funerary practices suggest a more or less direct evolution from an earlier system founded on economic centrality to one in which status and authority were structured in different, ritually more complex ways. In contrast, the south coast and central lowlands took a different path. Here, ceramics and mortuary facilities characterized by informality and conformity suggest that social equivalence and inclusion were more important than the assertion of individual or subgroup status, perhaps signalling a return to earlier ideological structures

Levant 42:185–209., 2010

Early Bronze Age communities on the north coast of Cyprus developed a distinctive ceramic traditi... more Early Bronze Age communities on the north coast of Cyprus developed a distinctive ceramic tradition with a rich array of forms, including ritual vessels with symbolically complex decoration reflecting the importance of horned animals and other phenomena in a local cosmology. These were deposited in tombs together with decorated drinking bowls and quantities of cattle bones, suggesting the high cost of funerary events. In addition, some tombs appear to have been the scene of ongoing ritual activities and possibly mortuary ‘shrines’. These and other forms of patterned behaviour relating to death and burial served to promote new forms of authority through connections with ancestors. North coast mortuary ceremonial also played a key role in the longer term development of ritual iconography and ritualized practices in Bronze Age Cyprus.

European Journal of Archaeology 3:167–187., 2000

During the third millennium BCE there were major changes in many aspects of Cypriot material cult... more During the third millennium BCE there were major changes in many aspects of Cypriot material culture, technology and economy which characterize the division between the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age on the island. Many innovations can be traced to Anatolian antecedents. These include a very wide array of domestic as well as agricultural and industrial technologies. Their nature and range make it possible to argue strongly for the movement of people to the island, rather than for other mechanisms of technology transfer and culture change. This identification of an intrusive group, with distinctive patterns of behaviour (habitus), opens up questions of prehistoric ethnicity, and the processes by which the initial maintenance of different lifeways by indigenous and settler communities eventually gave way to a common cultural system.

Journal of Archaeological Science 39.5:1380–1387, 2012

Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysis of several hundred samples of Early and Middle Bronze... more Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysis of several hundred samples of Early and Middle Bronze Age Cypriot pottery from four widely separated sites identifies both local and non-local products at each. A series of analyses of subsets of the data highlights differences in the clays used at each site and for some distinctive types and wares. When assessed in the context of general typological, technological and stylistic factors these variations provide the basis for considering patterns of local production and inter-regional relationships across the island. Although the great majority of pots were locally made, particular wares and shapes were brought in from elsewhere. For some sites imports are generally finer, more highly decorated vessels, but at others both simpler and more complex vessels were made of the same clays. While small juglets or flasks may have been containers for transporting small quantities of rare substances, larger vessels could have held far larger amounts of less precious material. Open vessels, especially small bowls – some of which are plain, utilitarian items – represent another aspect of social behaviour and inter-regional relationships.

Oxford Journal of Archaeology 25:261–288., 2006

This paper presents the results of chemical and lead isotope analyses of 17 Early and Middle Bro... more This paper presents the results of chemical and lead isotope
analyses of 17 Early and Middle Bronze Age artefacts from Cyprus. These suggest that a number of objects are of non-Cypriot copper and lead to the identification of several as imports, a new explanation for some artefact types as ingots and a discussion of the nature of deposits at the key Cypriot site of
Vasilia. This in turn allows a reconsideration of the role of Cyprus in an Aegean/eastern Mediterranean metals trade in the early years of the second half of the third millennium BC and of the development of metalworking on the island.

European Journal of Archaeology 16: 94–115, 2013

Excavations at the small Chalcolithic site of Politiko-Kokkinorotsos in central Cyprus show that ... more Excavations at the small Chalcolithic site of Politiko-Kokkinorotsos in central Cyprus show that it was occupied about 2880–2670 cal BC. Fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) form the major component of the substantial faunal assemblage. The structure of the animal population suggests a seasonal hunting site, an interpretation consistent with the lack of formal architecture and the range of stone tools. In this paper independent odontochronological analyses of deer and caprine are used to test and confirm the model of seasonal culling in spring and summer based on more general indicators. The results suggest a pattern of varied, specialised site-types and activities in different parts of the island and in different ecological zones and add considerably to our understanding of cultural systems on the island in the early third millennium BC.

In J.M. Webb and D. Frankel (eds). After Fifty Years: Contributions to Mediterranean Archaeology. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology CXXXVII, Lund, pp. 25–31, 2012

… and in his brain,— Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit After a voyage,—he hath strange p... more … and in his brain,—
Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit
After a voyage,—he hath strange places crammed
With observation, the which he vents
In mangled forms.
As You Like It Act 2 Scene 7: 38–42

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 11:242–256., 1998

A developing debate on the nature of archaeological knowledge has raised awareness of the theory~... more A developing debate on the nature of archaeological knowledge has raised awareness of the theory~laden nature of data in the context of excavation. One aspect which has received insufficient attention is the way in which analytical units of stratigraphic or other relationships are defined and applied, and how these impinge on, or pre-empt later interpretations. In this study) these issues are explored using the example of Marki Alonia, a Bronze Age settlement in Cyprus. This paper attempts to illustrate how concepts and methods of chronostratigraphic analysis and an understanding of depositional processes form a key component of the chain of connection linking observation, documenation, analytical construction and explanation

Antiquity 67:875–877, 1993

Our special section on heritage in the June issue took the conventional current view that excovat... more Our special section on heritage in the June issue took the conventional current view that excovation is destruction. A more creative vision is offered.

In M. Iacovou (ed.), Archaeological Field Survey in Cyprus. Past History, Future Potentials. British School at Athens Studies11:125-137., 2004

Combined excavation, surface and sub-surface survey at Marki in Cyprus presents an opportunity to... more Combined excavation, surface and sub-surface survey at Marki in Cyprus presents an opportunity to examine issues relevant to regional survey. These relate, in particular, to estimates of site-size and the recognition of sites with multiple components. Models of site formation and history are developed to illustrate relationships between surface material and the extent of ancient settlements at different points in time. These suggest that population-per-hectare estimates based on surface debris significantly exaggerate ancient habitation. Initial phases of long-term settlement are, further, unlikely to appear in the survey record. This may explain the paucity of identified earliest Bronze Age sites in some parts of the island and allow a better understanding of the development of broadly-based Early Cypriot systems.

Antiquity 83:54–68. , 2009

Is a cemetery that has been robbed and pillaged for generations worthy of systematic research? It... more Is a cemetery that has been robbed and pillaged for generations worthy of systematic research? It certainly is, given the application of a well conceived and executed project design. The authors show that the precise investigation of tomb architecture and identification of residual pottery can allow the detailed mapping of funerary practice over large areas of space and periods of time. Here they develop a narrative of increasing population and funerary investment through the Bronze Age in central north Cyprus. And having recorded 1286 pillaged tombs they call attention to the value of what still remains and the dangers that such monuments still face. The fact that a
cemetery has been damaged is no reason to sacrifice it to the bulldozer.

Digging up a village, 2019

Written for primary-school age children this takes the reader through the activities on an exxcav... more Written for primary-school age children this takes the reader through the activities on an exxcavation

"This introductory text book originally published by Longman Cheshire in 1991 has been out of pri... more "This introductory text book originally published by Longman Cheshire in 1991 has been out of print for many years. This re-issue makes it available to current students through POD at lulu.com (note that the quality of the illustrations in this version is relatively poor).

The book introduces many techniques used by archaeologists to address a range of issues focusing on sites and debates in southeastern Australia. Each chapter presents an account of different types of sites and encourages critical analysis by considering the ways in which arguments have been built on available evidence. "

Creative Commons ebook available as a free download from the La Trobe University Library Ebureau ... more Creative Commons ebook available as a free download from the La Trobe University Library Ebureau
https://library.latrobe.edu.au/ebureau/ebook.html#victorian

Many European settlers, government officials and missionaries observed and documented aspects of the everyday lives of the people they were displacing. This selection of over 700 extracts from a wide variety of these sources provides glimpses into this rich and complex world. It includes notes on hunting, fishing and associated technologies; on clothing, ornaments and recreation; on social relationships, exchange systems, ceremonies and associations with Country. This Reader, previously published as Kulin and Kurnai (Messmate Press 2015), is a convenient entry-point into this important body of information which is otherwise often difficult to access, and will be of use to anyone with an interest in Victorian Indigenous history and society.

During the nineteenth century many European settlers, government officials and missionaries docum... more During the nineteenth century many European settlers, government officials and missionaries documented their observations of the Indigenous peoples of Victoria they were displacing. This selection of over 700 of these sources provides glimpses into a rich and complex world. This reader is a convenient entry point into this disparate literature and will be of use to anyone with an interest in Victorian ethnography and history and of particular value to teachers, students and Aboriginal communities.

Messmate Press, Melbourne, 2014

Available from www.lulu.com