What is single sign-on? - Microsoft Entra ID (original) (raw)
This article provides you with information about the single sign-on (SSO) options that are available to you. It also outlines an introduction to planning a single sign-on deployment when using Microsoft Entra ID. Single sign-on is an authentication method that allows users to sign in using one set of credentials to multiple independent software systems. Using SSO means a user doesn't have to sign in to every application they use. With SSO, users can access all needed applications without being required to authenticate using different credentials. For a brief introduction, see Microsoft Entra single sign-on.
Many applications already exist in Microsoft Entra ID that you can use with SSO. You have several options for SSO depending on the needs of the application and how it's implemented. Take time to plan your SSO deployment before you create applications in Microsoft Entra ID. The management of applications can be made easier by using the My Apps portal.
Single sign-on options
Choosing an SSO method depends on how the application is configured for authentication. Cloud applications can use federation-based options, such as OpenID Connect, and SAML. The application can also use password-based SSO, linked-based SSO, or SSO can be disabled.
- Federation - When you set up SSO to work between multiple identity providers, it's called federation. An SSO implementation based on federation protocols improves security, reliability, end-user experiences, and implementation.
With federated single sign-on, Microsoft Entra authenticates the user to the application by using their Microsoft Entra account. This method is supported for SAML 2.0, WS-Federation, or OpenID Connect applications. Federated SSO is the richest mode of SSO. Use federated SSO with Microsoft Entra ID when an application supports it, instead of password-based SSO and Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS).
There are some scenarios where the SSO option isn't present for an enterprise application. If the application was registered using App registrations in the portal, then the single sign-on capability is configured to use OpenID Connect. In this case, the single sign-on option doesn't appear in the navigation under enterprise applications. OpenID Connect is an authentication protocol built on top of OAuth 2.0, which is an authorization protocol. OpenID Connect uses OAuth 2.0 to handle the authorization part of the process. When a user tries to log in, OpenID Connect verifies their identity based on the authentication performed by an authorization server. Once the user is authenticated, OAuth 2.0 is used to grant the application access to the user's resources without exposing their credentials.
Single sign-on isn't available when an application is hosted in another tenant. Single sign-on is also not available if your account doesn't have the required permissions (Cloud Application Administrator, Application Administrator, or owner of the service principal). Permissions can also cause a scenario where you can open single sign-on but might not be able to save. - Password - On-premises applications can use a password-based method for SSO. This choice works when applications are configured for Application Proxy.
With password-based SSO, users sign in to the application with a username and password the first time they access it. After the first sign-on, Microsoft Entra ID provides the username and password to the application. Password-based SSO enables secure application password storage and replay using a web browser extension or mobile app. This option uses the existing sign-in process provided by the application, enables an administrator to manage the passwords, and doesn't require the user to know the password. For more information, see Add password-based single sign-on to an application. - Linked - Linked sign-on can provide a consistent user experience while you migrate applications over a period of time. If you're migrating applications to Microsoft Entra ID, you can use linked-based SSO to quickly publish links to all the applications you intend to migrate. Users can find all the links in the My Apps or Microsoft 365 portals.
After a user has authenticated with a linked application, an account needs to be created before the user is provided single sign-on access. Provisioning this account can either occur automatically, or it can occur manually by an administrator. You can't apply Conditional Access policies or multifactor authentication to a linked application because a linked application doesn't provide single sign-on capabilities through Microsoft Entra ID. When you configure a linked application, you're simply adding a link that appears for launching the application. For more information, see Add linked single sign-on to an application. - Disabled - When SSO is disabled, it isn't available for the application. When single sign-on is disabled, users might need to authenticate twice. First, users authenticate to Microsoft Entra ID, and then they sign in to the application.
Disable SSO when:- You're not ready to integrate this application with Microsoft Entra single sign-on
- You're testing other aspects of the application
- An on-premises application doesn't require users to authenticate, but you want them to. With SSO disabled, the user needs to authenticate.
If you configured the application for SP-initiated SAML-based SSO and you change the SSO mode to disabled, it doesn't stop users from signing in to the application outside the MyApps portal. To stop users from signing in from outside My apps portal, you need to disable the ability for users to sign in.
Plan SSO deployment
Web applications are hosted by various companies and made available as a service. Some popular examples of web applications include Microsoft 365, GitHub, and Salesforce. There are thousands of others. People access web applications using a web browser on their computer. Single sign-on makes it possible for people to navigate between the various web applications without having to sign in multiple times. For more information, see Plan a single sign-on deployment.
How you implement SSO depends on where the application is hosted. Hosting matters because of the way network traffic is routed to access the application. Users don't need to use the Internet to access on-premises applications (hosted on a local network). If the application is hosted in the cloud, users need the Internet to use it. Cloud hosted applications are also called Software as a Service (SaaS) applications.
For cloud applications, federation protocols are used. You can also use single sign-on for on-premises applications. You can use Application Proxy to configure access for your on-premises application. For more information, see Remote access to on-premises applications through Microsoft Entra application proxy.
My Apps
If you're a user of an application, you likely don't care much about SSO details. You just want to use the applications that make you productive without having to type your password so much. You can find and manage your applications at the My Apps portal. For more information, see Sign in and start apps from the My Apps portal.