Dong Hoang | Leeds Beckett University (original) (raw)

Papers by Dong Hoang

Over the past decades, there has been a growing number of corporate Codes of Conduct (CoC) being ... more Over the past decades, there has been a growing number of corporate Codes of Conduct (CoC) being developed and introduced by multinational corporations (MNCs) to promote international labour standards in supply chains. This paper examines the implementation of CoC by suppliers in developing countries. A study was carried out at three garment factories in Vietnam that supply products to a number of well-known international brands. Findings of the research show that there are different levels of compliance with CoC although the three factories are requested to implement the same sets of CoC from similar buyers. The foreign owned factory, which has direct relationships with buyers, complies with most of the standards required in buyers’ CoC while the other two factories, which are subcontracted by intermediaries, violate the codes and deceive auditors to pass buyers’ audits. Nevertheless, workers working in the factory with high level of compliance do not seem to enjoy better working c...

Journal of Retailing, 2022

Post-purchase out-of-stock (OOS) often happens in an online store context, where products appear ... more Post-purchase out-of-stock (OOS) often happens in an online store context, where products appear to be available at the time a consumer makes an order and checks out, but then become OOS when the order is to be dispatched. To mitigate negative responses from consumers, online grocery retailers often provide consumers a substitution alternative to the OOS item. This paper investigates the effects of two substitution policies where we focus on different matching strategies of the substitution with the OOS item. In policy one, we measure the effect of matching on the dominant attribute (brand vs. flavour). In policy two, we test the effect of matching with a product from the consumers' past purchase portfolio. We investigate these two substitution policies and their interaction in two categories that differ on the level of differentiation (i.e., the degree to which distinctions are objectively measurable-vertical differentiation/VD vs. not easy to evaluate-horizontal differentiation/HD). Our dependent variable is the probability to accept the substitute. The study employs a computer-simulated purchase experiment, using two product categories: margarine (VD) and cereals (HD). 2,113 UK consumers representative of general UK shopper profile participated. Findings show that in the margarine category where brand is the dominant attribute, the same brand substitution is more likely to be accepted than the same flavour substitution. In contrast, in the cereal category where flavour is more likely to be the dominant attribute, same flavour substitution is more likely to be accepted than same brand substitution. The results also show that, in both categories, matching the substitution product with a product from consumers' past purchase portfolio is more likely to be accepted than offering a substitute that consumers have not bought before. We also found a significant interaction between the two policy types but for cereals only. The effects of two substitution policies are mediated by perceived fairness of the substitution. The paper discusses contributions and implication for future research.

This paper draws on public entrepreneurship concept to discuss the role of public organisations s... more This paper draws on public entrepreneurship concept to discuss the role of public organisations such as local authorities in managing and operating a traditional retail market. Urban management studies on retail tend to place the focus on place and space management of retail landscape while neglecting the business management aspect of retailing. This paper suggests that a new perspective linking public entrepreneurship and urban management could lead to an improvement in the understanding of the role of local councils as public entrepreneurs in managing retail markets. Draw on a case study of Leeds Kirkgate Market the paper proposes an analytical framework for examining public entrepreneurship through three processes: value creation, value capture and value distribution. Implications of public entrepreneurship activities and the balance between public and private benefits are also discussed

This study investigates consumer response to a retailer’s substitution policy when facing post-pu... more This study investigates consumer response to a retailer’s substitution policy when facing post-purchase ‘out of stock’ (OOS) in an online grocery shopping context. Substitution policies (timeliness of OOS notification; and substituted product) can have detrimental effects on consumers’ satisfaction with the retailer and behaviour response (whether to accept or reject the substitution). As post-purchased OOS indicates a failure of service, the study focuses its investigation on the mediating effects of perceived fairness (PF) of retailers’ substitution policies on consumers’ response. It is predicted that procedural fairness will have a stronger effect on mitigating consumers’ negative OOS experience than distributive (outcome) fairness. The research will be conducted using three online scenario based experiments.

The numbers surrounding the world coconut industry are substantial – 55,500,000,000 coconuts prod... more The numbers surrounding the world coconut industry are substantial – 55,500,000,000 coconuts produced every year from 12,000,000 hectares supporting an industry worth USD 6 billion at wholesale. Yet despite the size and wealth of the industry most coconut growers are among the poorest in their society and over 1 million tonnes of coconut dust are dumped into the environment every year. In the Mekong Delta, riverbanks shaded with coconut trees are an iconic part of the landscape, but only in the last decade has the local coconut industry taken the first steps to becoming a modern, competitive industry. Much of this recent development has happened in Ben Tre province, at the heart of the industry in the Delta with the greatest concentration of coconut trees and businesses. The Ben Tre authorities and industry leaders are now looking to help the industry mature into an internationally competitive and sustainable coconut industry that maximises the value created for the local community,...

Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2019

Journal of Marketing Management

The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of mutual engagement within the foodie influence... more The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of mutual engagement within the foodie influencer communities of practice created via Instagram. The study is based on 20 in-depth interviews with foodie Instagrammers. Findings demonstrate that unlike other communities of practice, rather than competing among themselves, foodies learn from each other, exchange tips, help those starting out in the field and attend events together. Close collaboration also leads to the formation of strong friendship bonds. However, findings show that whilst authenticity of content is deemed important, elements of influencer engagement are artificially orchestrated within their own community of practice. These findings have implications for marketing professionals in terms of evaluating influencers' engagement authenticity and the selection criteria they consider with regard to targeting appropriate and specific influencers to work with.

Societies

In the recent decades, fashion brands and retailers in the West have introduced supplier’s Codes ... more In the recent decades, fashion brands and retailers in the West have introduced supplier’s Codes of Conduct (CoC) to strengthen international labour standards in their supply chain. Drawing from the concept of workers’ agency and the theory of reciprocity, this paper examines the implementation of CoC from the workers’ perspective and identifies the mechanism used by the workers to negotiate with their employer. Qualitative data was collected from forty semi-structured interviews with mangers, union representative and workers at a garment factory in Vietnam which manufactures clothes to a few well-known fashion brands in the US and Europe. The findings show that, externally, workers are united with the management in hiding non-compliance practices to pass labour audits while, internally, workers challenge the management about long working hours and low pay. This finding highlights the active roles workers play on the two fronts: towards their clients and towards the management. Thei...

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of the management of traditiona... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of the management of traditional retail markets (TRM) in the UK. TRM are indoor and outdoor markets located in town and city centres across the UK, selling food, household goods, clothing and the like. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs a comparative analysis approach of multiple cases using an analytical framework drawn from place management and retail business management literature. The study investigates 11 retail markets in the UK, including 7 run by Local Councils, 2 privately run and 2 operated by Charity Trusts. Findings The paper identifies the management challenges of TRM lying at the intersect between its private-like business entity and the management overseen by local authorities, whose roles and functions are mainly on delivering public services. Although some council markets struggle, it remains a popular model for TRM because it offers social space and inclusion which other types of markets l...

Advances in National Brand and Private Label Marketing , 2020

Online Shopping, Consumer Behaviour and Ethical/Sustainable Consumption, 2019

https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/persons/jennifer-ferreira Interests: urban change, café/coff... more https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/persons/jennifer-ferreira Interests: urban change, café/coffee shop industry, economic geography, local and regional development. Summary Dear Colleagues, Since the internet has become a part and parcel of our existence, many social interactions like shopping and sharing experience of a product or service have also found their place online. The shift in consumer behaviours and shopping practices have a profound impact on individuals, businesses and societies. Consumers enjoy the flexibility of browsing the stores, searching for bargain and shopping 24/7. Businesses have the opportunity to reach out to wider consumer base at the same time having the ability to offer personalized products and services to meet consumers' needs. However, increased online shopping and changes in consumer behavior raise a number of concerns. Evidence shows that increased online shopping is correlated with decline of

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 2019

Design/methodology/approach
The paper employs a comparative analysis approach of multiple cases using an analytical framework drawn from place management and retail business management literature. The study investigates 11 retail markets in the UK, including 7 run by Local Councils, 2 privately run and 2 operated by Charity Trusts.

Findings
The paper identifies the management challenges of TRM lying at the intersect between its private-like business entity and the management overseen by local authorities, whose roles and functions are mainly on delivering public services. Although some council markets struggle, it remains a popular model for TRM because it offers social space and inclusion which other types of markets lack. The study also highlights that the environment within which TRM operate, such as policy, infrastructure, business and entrepreneurial aspects play an important role in influencing the performance of the markets.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the retail literature’s conceptual and empirical understanding of TRM management – the area which has been mostly neglected and under-researched. It offers an integrated analytical framework, including four dimensions of policy, infrastructure, business and entrepreneurial environment to advance the current limited understanding of this traditional form of retailing and sheds light on future research in this area.

Societies, 2019

In the recent decades, fashion brands and retailers in the West have introduced supplier's Codes ... more In the recent decades, fashion brands and retailers in the West have introduced supplier's Codes of Conduct (CoC) to strengthen international labour standards in their supply chain. Drawing from the concept of workers' agency and the theory of reciprocity, this paper examines the implementation of CoC from the workers' perspective and identifies the mechanism used by the workers to negotiate with their employer. Qualitative data was collected from forty semi-structured interviews with mangers, union representative and workers at a garment factory in Vietnam which manufactures clothes to a few well-known fashion brands in the US and Europe. The findings show that, externally, workers are united with the management in hiding non-compliance practices to pass labour audits while, internally, workers challenge the management about long working hours and low pay. This finding highlights the active roles workers play on the two fronts: towards their clients and towards the management. Their collaboration is motivated by the expectation that the management will return the favour by addressing their demands through a reciprocal exchange principle. This paper sheds light on an alternative approach to understanding collective bargaining and labour activism at the bottom of the supply chain and provides recommendations for further research.

Purpose Two third of the traditional retail markets (e.g. indoor, outdoor and street markets) in ... more Purpose Two third of the traditional retail markets (e.g. indoor, outdoor and street markets) in the UK is managed by local authorities such as Local Councils (LCs). However the understanding of the organisation and management of this type of service provision by local authorities is scant. The purpose of this paper is to provide an examination of the current state of retail market management by LCs and in comparison to other service providers such as the private and charitable actors. The paper aims to highlight the strengths and limitations of the service provision by LCs relative to private and social actors in the town centre's and city's market context. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs a comparative analysis approach using a LC's operated market as a focal point. The comparative analysis is in two dimensions: within sector (inter-LCs) operational models and cross sectors (LCs, private and charity) operational models. The study investigate ten indoor markets in the UK, including seven LCs' owned and operated markets, two privately run and one charity trust operated markets. The selection of these markets is mainly based on best practices and innovativeness within each model. The paper investigates service provisions from the conceptual nexus between public service motivation (PSM) (Vandenabeele et al. 2014) and the theory of entrepreneurship (TOE) perspective (Mishra and Zachary 2014). Traditional retail markets have long been recognised as an economic, social, cultural and community space (DCLG 2010) of which service provisions require not only effective public service delivery but also economic sustainability. PSM and TOE offer the complimentary theoretical ground for cross sectorial analysis as well as evaluation tools for the examination of motivation and implementation processes of different operational models Data collection was undertaken in the UK between December 2015 and March 2016. Literature review and secondary data was analysed followed by interviews with respective market managers and relevant stakeholders. In total, sixteen face to face and telephone interviews were conducted. Findings Public, private and charity market operators share a common goal of sustaining the socioeconomic importance of traditional retail markets which contribute to the vitality of town and city centres. Although entrepreneurship characteristics in terms of innovativeness and risk taking are somewhat similar across three operational models, value creation and value distribution appear uneven. LC operators have low autonomy and are constrained by their public mandate of 'service for everyone'. For example, LCs unlikely be able to pick and choose which public segment the market should serve while its counterparts such as the private and charity trust are more likely in position to do so to maximise economic effectiveness of the market operation. The paper highlights that the trade-offs between economic and social effectiveness can act as public service de-motivation (PSdeM) to public actors in innovation and improvement of public services. Research limitations/implications Local authorities and other public actors can benefit from this study as it highlights the entrepreneurship approach as well as challenges some LCs have faced in tackling the decline of traditional markets. The paper's scope however is limited to examining cases and examples of economic innovativeness rather than social innovation measures. Social innovation in service delivery can be a topic for future research. Another limitation is that the study focuses on convenience samples of a small number of LCs and other actors therefore findings should be treat with caution.

This is a developmental paper presented at The British Academy of Management (BAM) Annual Conference in Newcastle 7th September 2016

Despite criticisms of their derivation and implementation, corporate codes of conduct (CoCs) cont... more Despite criticisms of their derivation and implementation, corporate codes of conduct (CoCs) continue to dominate debates on Corporate Social Responsibility and the informal regulation of worker exploitation and abuse by ‘sweatshops’ supplying Northern multinational corporations (MNCs). Through analytical interrogation of existing literature and empirical evidence from Vietnamese case studies, two propositions are made to clarify the poor performance of CoCs. It is argued, firstly, that the extent of the control of MNCs over their subcontracting suppliers is misconceived and overestimated because supply chains function more like networks than the hierarchies assumed by ‘principal-agent’ preconceptions. Conceptualizing such relationships instead as networks of conflicting political and economic imperatives amongst various sets of actors generates a second proposition derived from our case studies. The factory workers, their subcontractor employers, intermediary vendors and even the MNCs seeking CoC commitments, have convergent interests in violating key aspects of the codes and deceiving their auditors. The analysis evaluates the residual value of CoCs in light of these constraints and the options for improving labour regulation, with particular reference to the plight of disadvantaged women workers.