Andrew M Colman | University of Leicester (original) (raw)
Books by Andrew M Colman
Two experiments examined a form of singleton bias deducible from lexicographic choice and Tversky... more Two experiments examined a form of singleton bias deducible from lexicographic choice and Tversky's theory of elimination by aspects. In Experiment 1, 100 decision makers who chose from a set of job applicants defined by equal numbers of equally important qualifications tended to ignore the singleton defined by possession of a relevant attribute but tended to rank-order the attributes as predicted by lexicographic choice theory and showed various forms of singleton bias. In Experiment 2, 100 decision makers who chose from sets of unspecified alternatives, universities, and houses/apartments defined by attributes that they had individually rated as equally important ignored the attribute-defined singleton in every alternative set but manifested a different singleton bias in favor of the middle option of the on-screen display.
Papers by Andrew M Colman
Journal of Economic Psychology, Oct 1, 2006
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Oct 1, 1998
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Apr 1, 2003
Current Psychology, Dec 1, 1992
Psychological Reports, Dec 1, 2007
Psychological Reports, Jun 1, 1986
Personality and Individual Differences, Dec 1, 2016
Legal and Criminological Psychology, Feb 1, 1997
Getting started (including definitions of what psychology is not) beyond common sense: a self-ass... more Getting started (including definitions of what psychology is not) beyond common sense: a self-assessment quiz the subject matter of psychology research methods and statistics the origins and development of psychology psychology as a profession.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Apr 1, 2003
Two experiments examined a form of singleton bias deducible from lexicographic choice and Tversky... more Two experiments examined a form of singleton bias deducible from lexicographic choice and Tversky's theory of elimination by aspects. In Experiment 1, 100 decision makers who chose from a set of job applicants defined by equal numbers of equally important qualifications tended to ignore the singleton defined by possession of a relevant attribute but tended to rank-order the attributes as predicted by lexicographic choice theory and showed various forms of singleton bias. In Experiment 2, 100 decision makers who chose from sets of unspecified alternatives, universities, and houses/apartments defined by attributes that they had individually rated as equally important ignored the attribute-defined singleton in every alternative set but manifested a different singleton bias in favor of the middle option of the on-screen display.
Journal of Economic Psychology, Oct 1, 2006
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Oct 1, 1998
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Apr 1, 2003
Current Psychology, Dec 1, 1992
Psychological Reports, Dec 1, 2007
Psychological Reports, Jun 1, 1986
Personality and Individual Differences, Dec 1, 2016
Legal and Criminological Psychology, Feb 1, 1997
Getting started (including definitions of what psychology is not) beyond common sense: a self-ass... more Getting started (including definitions of what psychology is not) beyond common sense: a self-assessment quiz the subject matter of psychology research methods and statistics the origins and development of psychology psychology as a profession.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Apr 1, 2003
International Journal of Behavioral Development, Sep 1, 1993
1. Clinical and Counselling Psychology by Graham E Powell, University of Surrey, UK 2. Education ... more 1. Clinical and Counselling Psychology by Graham E Powell, University of Surrey, UK 2. Education (School) Psychology by David Fontana, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK 3. Industrial (Occupational) and Organisational Psychology by Wendy Holloway, University of Bradford, UK 4. Forensic Psychology by Clive R Hollin, University of Birmingham, UK 5. Psychoanalysis by Peter Fonagy, University College London, UK
European Journal of Operational Research, 1983
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1. Experimental Design by David D Stretch, University of Leicester, UK 2. Analysis of Variance De... more 1. Experimental Design by David D Stretch, University of Leicester, UK 2. Analysis of Variance Designs by Brian S Everitt, Institute of Psychiatry University of London, UK 3. Descriptive and Inferential Studies by A W MacRae, University of Birmingham, UK 4. Quasi-Experiments and Correlational Studies by Michael L Raulin and Anthony M Graziano, State University of New York, USA 5. Survey Methods, Naturalistic Observations and Case Studies by Francis C Dane, Mercer University, USA 6. Ethical Issues in Psychological Research by Anthony Gale University of Southampton, UK
Journal of Economic Methodology, Jun 1, 1997
Psychology of Reasoning, 2004
Game theory is concerned with rational choice in decisions involving two or more interdependent d... more Game theory is concerned with rational choice in decisions involving two or more interdependent decision makers. Its range of applicability is broad, including all decisions in which an outcome depends on the actions of two or more decision makers, called players, each having two or more ways of acting, called strategies, and sufficiently well-defined preferences among the possible outcomes to enable numerical payoffs reflecting these preferences to be assigned. Decision theory has a certain logical primacy in psychology, because decision making drives all deliberate behaviour, and game theory is the portion of decision theory dealing with decisions involving strategic interdependence. This chapter focuses on reasoning in games, and in particular on theoretical problems of specifying and understanding the nature of rationality in strategic interaction. These problems are far from trivial, because even simple games present deep and mysterious dilemmas that are imperfectly understood and have not been solved convincingly. The notion of rationality underlying game theory is instrumental rationality, according to which rational agents choose the best means to achieve their most preferred outcomes. This means-end characterization of rational choice is conspicuously neutral regarding an agent's preferences or desires, a point that was stressed by the Scottish philosopher David Hume in a frequently quoted passage of his Treatise of Human Nature: 'Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them.. .. A passion can never, in any sense, be call'd unreasonable, but when founded on a false supposition, or when it chuses means insufficient for the design'd end.' (1739-40, 2.III.iii). Hume conceded only that preferences based on 'false supposition' are unreasonable or irrational. Contemporary philosophers and game theorists take an even more permissive view, requiring only that preferences should be consistent. Although everyday language contains both internal reason statements (P has a reason for doing x) and external reason statements (There is a reason for P to do x), the philosopher Bernard Williams (1979) has shown that 'external reason statements, when definitely isolated as such, are false, or incoherent, or really something else misleadingly expressed' (p. 26). A person's reasons for acting in a particular way are invariably internal, hence an action is instrumentally rational, relative to the agent's knowledge and beliefs at the time of acting, if it is the best means to achieve the most preferred outcome, provided only that the knowledge and beliefs are not inconsistent or incoherent. Thus, if I am thirsty, and I come upon a jar of powder that I believe to be cocoa but is actually rat poison, I act rationally, relative to my knowledge and beliefs, if I dissolve the powder in hot milk and drink the infusion, even though my preference for doing so is based on a 'false supposition'. Instrumental rationality is formalized in expected utility theory, introduced as an axiomatic system by
The theory of games seems to me to provide the most promising alternative to the traditional theo... more The theory of games seems to me to provide the most promising alternative to the traditional theories of social behaviour. Gaming modelS are inherently social in character (an individual's strategy choice in a game cannot even be properly defined without reference to at least one other individual) and they represent a radical departure from the "social stimulus - individual response" approach. They sean, furthermore, to be the only models which can adequately conceptualize an important (and large) class of social behaviours which arise from deliberate free choice. (From preface