John Maltby | University of Leicester (original) (raw)
Books by John Maltby
Papers by John Maltby
Computers in Human Behavior, Sep 1, 2008
Gender differences in Internet access and usage have been found in a number of previous investiga... more Gender differences in Internet access and usage have been found in a number of previous investigations. The study reported here extends this work by providing an analysis of the impact of the Internet on men's and women's lives. A content analysis of 200 postings from men and 200 from women, on the topic of ''Has the Internet changed your life'' invited by a news website, was undertaken then examined for gender differences. Results showed more women's postings mentioned having made new friends or having met their partner, renewing old friendships, accessing information and advice, studying online, and shopping and booking travel online, while more men's postings mentioned that the Internet had helped or given them a career, positive socio-political effects, and negative aspects of the technology. The results are interpreted as supporting the view that the Internet represents an extension of broader social roles and interests in the ''offline'' world.
It is in the applications of positive psychology that the area has the most potential to impact p... more It is in the applications of positive psychology that the area has the most potential to impact people’s lives. As such, it is here that the greatest rigor needs to be used to evaluate the claims of the potential of positive psychology approaches, lest they do harm, either directly or through crowding out existing more effective approaches. This chapter discusses the changes that have occurred in the area of positive psychology applications over the last 15 years and the issues that have emerged, including the initial enthusiasm, later criticisms, and the high potential for new research into positive psychology applications at the present time. Positive psychology can inform and readily sit within the current zeitgeist of a number of applied areas, benefiting itself from the win–win of interdisciplinary collaboration. The chapter concludes that the greatest potential is to remove the arbitrary separation of focusing on either the “positive” or the “negative” in applied fields. Such an approach is already gaining traction within clinical and health psychology, and there is potential for this to expand to other applied fields. The various positive interventions that have been developed are viewed as promising, but not yet meeting normal clinical standards of evidence. Such trials are strongly encouraged to be carried out to ensure that positive interventions are properly evidence based, and so that those that do work can be more widely used in evidence-based practice.
Psychological Reports, Dec 1, 1999
62 undergraduate university students were administered the 12-item Belief in Good Luck Scale of D... more 62 undergraduate university students were administered the 12-item Belief in Good Luck Scale of Darke and Freedman and the General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg and Williams. Scores on belief in good luck showed a significant correlation of −.29 with anxiety and −.35 with depression but correlations were not significant for somatic symptoms (.15) and social dysfunction (.15).
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2007
The present study investigated forgiveness in a traditional cognitive model of stress appraisal a... more The present study investigated forgiveness in a traditional cognitive model of stress appraisal and coping and in a more recent model that includes the construct of low control stressors. One-hundred sixty six men and 168 women completed measures of forgiveness, primary stress appraisals, and coping strategies. For men, forgiveness was found to be positively associated with the use of challenge appraisals, and negatively associated with the use of loss appraisals and emotion-focused coping. For women, forgiveness was found to be positively associated with emotion-focused coping and acceptance, and negatively associated with avoidance. The results for women indicate that when forgiveness situations are conceptualized as low-control stressors, we are able to explain the relationships between forgiveness, appraisal, and coping. The results for men are broadly in line with a more traditional model of coping, which does not consider the construct of low control. Crucial differences in the ways that men and women appraise and cope with situations involving forgiveness are discussed.
Personality and Individual Differences, Jul 1, 2005
This study examined the relationship between a two-dimensional model of forgiveness and Sukhodols... more This study examined the relationship between a two-dimensional model of forgiveness and Sukhodolsky et al. (2001) 4-factor model of anger rumination among 200 university students. Anger memories were found to be the most important aspects in forgiving oneself, and dealing with revenge thoughts were found to be crucial when exploring issues around forgiving another person. The present findings suggest the importance of cognitive aspects as portrayed by Sukhodolsky et al. (2001) model of anger rumination to explore in greater depth the cognitive processes involved in forgiveness of self and others. Angry memories and thoughts of revenge: The relationship between forgiveness and anger rumination.
Personality and Individual Differences, Apr 1, 2001
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between forgiveness of self, forgive... more The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others, and personality and general health measures. Three hundred and twenty-four undergraduate students (100 males, 224 females) completed measures of forgiveness of oneself, forgiveness of others, the Abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire-28. Failure to forgive oneself is accompanied by personality and general health scores that re¯ect individual psychopathology, with men and women scoring higher in neuroticism, depression and anxiety. A failure to forgive others is accompanied by personality and general health scores that re¯ect social introversion among men (low extraversion scores) and social-pathology among women (social dysfunction, psychoticism). Further, a failure to forgive others is accompanied by higher depression scores among men and women. The ®ndings suggest that the concept of forgiveness can be related to individual and social psychopathology.
Irish Journal of Psychology, 2008
This study examined the relationship between gender, training, identification with gender-related... more This study examined the relationship between gender, training, identification with gender-related traits on the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and ratings of liking for musical instruments among 208 young adults. Gender differences in liking were found to be similar to those found in studies of children's preferences for learning instruments. Participants with formal training gave higher ratings of liking than untrained participants to a number of instruments, but level of training did not interact with gender. The underlying structures of men's and ...
Journal of Social Psychology, Oct 1, 2002
Replications and Refinements Under this heading are brief reports of studies providing data that ... more Replications and Refinements Under this heading are brief reports of studies providing data that substantiate, disprove. or refine what we think we know. These Notes consist of a summary of the study's procedure and as many details about the results as space allows. Additional details concerning the results can be obtained by communicating directly with the author.
This title is an introductory text for all nursing and healthcare students coming to research met... more This title is an introductory text for all nursing and healthcare students coming to research methods for the first time. The book includes coverage of the main research methods topics and provides guidance on how to understand and apply research techniques.
The Journal of Social Psychology
Personality and Individual Differences, 2015
The current study aims to present a parsimonious measure of five factors of distress intolerance ... more The current study aims to present a parsimonious measure of five factors of distress intolerance as proposed by Zvolensky, Vujanovic, Bernstein, and Leyro (2010). Exploratory (n = 511) and confirmatory (n = 157) factor analytic studies of items from five established measures of distress intolerance suggest a 20-item measure representing five dimensions of distress intolerance (uncertainty, ambiguity, physical discomfort, frustration, and negative emotion). A comparison of latent factor models suggests that a bifactor model may present the best fit to the data, reflecting the identification of a general factor of distress intolerance while also recognizing the multidimensionality of the five group factors. The current findings suggest a parsimonious measure of five factors of distress intolerance, though further research may consider method and measurement biases and the convergent and discriminant validity of the subscales.
Personality and Individual Differences, 2007
The development of a classification of strengths, the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths, ha... more The development of a classification of strengths, the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths, has done much to advance research into strengths of character. Using an Internet sample of 17,056 UK respondents, we present data on the character strengths of a large UK sample. Women typically scored higher on strengths than did men. However, four of the top five ''signature strengths'' of the UK men and women overall were the same (open-mindedness, fairness, curiosity, and love of learning). Strengths typically showed small but significant positive associations with age, with the strongest associations with age between curiosity and love of learning (strengths of wisdom and knowledge), fairness (a strength of justice), and
Personality and Individual Differences, 2005
This study examined the relationship between a two-dimensional model of forgiveness and Sukhodols... more This study examined the relationship between a two-dimensional model of forgiveness and Sukhodolsky et al. (2001) 4-factor model of anger rumination among 200 university students. Anger memories were found to be the most important aspects in forgiving oneself, and dealing with revenge thoughts were found to be crucial when exploring issues around forgiving another person. The present findings suggest the importance of cognitive aspects as portrayed by Sukhodolsky et al. (2001) model of anger rumination to explore in greater depth the cognitive processes involved in forgiveness of self and others. Angry memories and thoughts of revenge: The relationship between forgiveness and anger rumination.
Personality and Individual Differences, 2008
Computers in Human Behavior, Sep 1, 2008
Gender differences in Internet access and usage have been found in a number of previous investiga... more Gender differences in Internet access and usage have been found in a number of previous investigations. The study reported here extends this work by providing an analysis of the impact of the Internet on men's and women's lives. A content analysis of 200 postings from men and 200 from women, on the topic of ''Has the Internet changed your life'' invited by a news website, was undertaken then examined for gender differences. Results showed more women's postings mentioned having made new friends or having met their partner, renewing old friendships, accessing information and advice, studying online, and shopping and booking travel online, while more men's postings mentioned that the Internet had helped or given them a career, positive socio-political effects, and negative aspects of the technology. The results are interpreted as supporting the view that the Internet represents an extension of broader social roles and interests in the ''offline'' world.
It is in the applications of positive psychology that the area has the most potential to impact p... more It is in the applications of positive psychology that the area has the most potential to impact people’s lives. As such, it is here that the greatest rigor needs to be used to evaluate the claims of the potential of positive psychology approaches, lest they do harm, either directly or through crowding out existing more effective approaches. This chapter discusses the changes that have occurred in the area of positive psychology applications over the last 15 years and the issues that have emerged, including the initial enthusiasm, later criticisms, and the high potential for new research into positive psychology applications at the present time. Positive psychology can inform and readily sit within the current zeitgeist of a number of applied areas, benefiting itself from the win–win of interdisciplinary collaboration. The chapter concludes that the greatest potential is to remove the arbitrary separation of focusing on either the “positive” or the “negative” in applied fields. Such an approach is already gaining traction within clinical and health psychology, and there is potential for this to expand to other applied fields. The various positive interventions that have been developed are viewed as promising, but not yet meeting normal clinical standards of evidence. Such trials are strongly encouraged to be carried out to ensure that positive interventions are properly evidence based, and so that those that do work can be more widely used in evidence-based practice.
Psychological Reports, Dec 1, 1999
62 undergraduate university students were administered the 12-item Belief in Good Luck Scale of D... more 62 undergraduate university students were administered the 12-item Belief in Good Luck Scale of Darke and Freedman and the General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg and Williams. Scores on belief in good luck showed a significant correlation of −.29 with anxiety and −.35 with depression but correlations were not significant for somatic symptoms (.15) and social dysfunction (.15).
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2007
The present study investigated forgiveness in a traditional cognitive model of stress appraisal a... more The present study investigated forgiveness in a traditional cognitive model of stress appraisal and coping and in a more recent model that includes the construct of low control stressors. One-hundred sixty six men and 168 women completed measures of forgiveness, primary stress appraisals, and coping strategies. For men, forgiveness was found to be positively associated with the use of challenge appraisals, and negatively associated with the use of loss appraisals and emotion-focused coping. For women, forgiveness was found to be positively associated with emotion-focused coping and acceptance, and negatively associated with avoidance. The results for women indicate that when forgiveness situations are conceptualized as low-control stressors, we are able to explain the relationships between forgiveness, appraisal, and coping. The results for men are broadly in line with a more traditional model of coping, which does not consider the construct of low control. Crucial differences in the ways that men and women appraise and cope with situations involving forgiveness are discussed.
Personality and Individual Differences, Jul 1, 2005
This study examined the relationship between a two-dimensional model of forgiveness and Sukhodols... more This study examined the relationship between a two-dimensional model of forgiveness and Sukhodolsky et al. (2001) 4-factor model of anger rumination among 200 university students. Anger memories were found to be the most important aspects in forgiving oneself, and dealing with revenge thoughts were found to be crucial when exploring issues around forgiving another person. The present findings suggest the importance of cognitive aspects as portrayed by Sukhodolsky et al. (2001) model of anger rumination to explore in greater depth the cognitive processes involved in forgiveness of self and others. Angry memories and thoughts of revenge: The relationship between forgiveness and anger rumination.
Personality and Individual Differences, Apr 1, 2001
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between forgiveness of self, forgive... more The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others, and personality and general health measures. Three hundred and twenty-four undergraduate students (100 males, 224 females) completed measures of forgiveness of oneself, forgiveness of others, the Abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire-28. Failure to forgive oneself is accompanied by personality and general health scores that re¯ect individual psychopathology, with men and women scoring higher in neuroticism, depression and anxiety. A failure to forgive others is accompanied by personality and general health scores that re¯ect social introversion among men (low extraversion scores) and social-pathology among women (social dysfunction, psychoticism). Further, a failure to forgive others is accompanied by higher depression scores among men and women. The ®ndings suggest that the concept of forgiveness can be related to individual and social psychopathology.
Irish Journal of Psychology, 2008
This study examined the relationship between gender, training, identification with gender-related... more This study examined the relationship between gender, training, identification with gender-related traits on the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and ratings of liking for musical instruments among 208 young adults. Gender differences in liking were found to be similar to those found in studies of children's preferences for learning instruments. Participants with formal training gave higher ratings of liking than untrained participants to a number of instruments, but level of training did not interact with gender. The underlying structures of men's and ...
Journal of Social Psychology, Oct 1, 2002
Replications and Refinements Under this heading are brief reports of studies providing data that ... more Replications and Refinements Under this heading are brief reports of studies providing data that substantiate, disprove. or refine what we think we know. These Notes consist of a summary of the study's procedure and as many details about the results as space allows. Additional details concerning the results can be obtained by communicating directly with the author.
This title is an introductory text for all nursing and healthcare students coming to research met... more This title is an introductory text for all nursing and healthcare students coming to research methods for the first time. The book includes coverage of the main research methods topics and provides guidance on how to understand and apply research techniques.
The Journal of Social Psychology
Personality and Individual Differences, 2015
The current study aims to present a parsimonious measure of five factors of distress intolerance ... more The current study aims to present a parsimonious measure of five factors of distress intolerance as proposed by Zvolensky, Vujanovic, Bernstein, and Leyro (2010). Exploratory (n = 511) and confirmatory (n = 157) factor analytic studies of items from five established measures of distress intolerance suggest a 20-item measure representing five dimensions of distress intolerance (uncertainty, ambiguity, physical discomfort, frustration, and negative emotion). A comparison of latent factor models suggests that a bifactor model may present the best fit to the data, reflecting the identification of a general factor of distress intolerance while also recognizing the multidimensionality of the five group factors. The current findings suggest a parsimonious measure of five factors of distress intolerance, though further research may consider method and measurement biases and the convergent and discriminant validity of the subscales.
Personality and Individual Differences, 2007
The development of a classification of strengths, the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths, ha... more The development of a classification of strengths, the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths, has done much to advance research into strengths of character. Using an Internet sample of 17,056 UK respondents, we present data on the character strengths of a large UK sample. Women typically scored higher on strengths than did men. However, four of the top five ''signature strengths'' of the UK men and women overall were the same (open-mindedness, fairness, curiosity, and love of learning). Strengths typically showed small but significant positive associations with age, with the strongest associations with age between curiosity and love of learning (strengths of wisdom and knowledge), fairness (a strength of justice), and
Personality and Individual Differences, 2005
This study examined the relationship between a two-dimensional model of forgiveness and Sukhodols... more This study examined the relationship between a two-dimensional model of forgiveness and Sukhodolsky et al. (2001) 4-factor model of anger rumination among 200 university students. Anger memories were found to be the most important aspects in forgiving oneself, and dealing with revenge thoughts were found to be crucial when exploring issues around forgiving another person. The present findings suggest the importance of cognitive aspects as portrayed by Sukhodolsky et al. (2001) model of anger rumination to explore in greater depth the cognitive processes involved in forgiveness of self and others. Angry memories and thoughts of revenge: The relationship between forgiveness and anger rumination.
Personality and Individual Differences, 2008
Personality and Individual Differences, 2001
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between forgiveness of self, forgive... more The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others, and personality and general health measures. Three hundred and twenty-four undergraduate students (100 males, 224 females) completed measures of forgiveness of oneself, forgiveness of others, the Abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire-28. Failure to forgive oneself is accompanied by personality and general health scores that re¯ect individual psychopathology, with men and women scoring higher in neuroticism, depression and anxiety. A failure to forgive others is accompanied by personality and general health scores that re¯ect social introversion among men (low extraversion scores) and social-pathology among women (social dysfunction, psychoticism). Further, a failure to forgive others is accompanied by higher depression scores among men and women. The ®ndings suggest that the concept of forgiveness can be related to individual and social psychopathology.
Personality and Individual Differences, 2009
This study tests whether gratitude predicts psychological well-being above both the domains and f... more This study tests whether gratitude predicts psychological well-being above both the domains and facets of the five factor model. Participants (N = 201) completed the NEO PI-R measure of the 30 facets of the Big Five, the GQ-6 measure of trait gratitude, and the scales of psychological well-being. Gratitude had small correlations with autonomy (r = .17), and medium to large correlations with environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationships, purpose in life, and self-acceptance (rs ranged from .28 to .61). After controlling for the 30 facets of the Big Five, gratitude explained a substantial amount of a unique variance in most aspects of psychological well-being (r equivalent = .14 to .25). Gratitude is concluded to be uniquely important to psychological well-being, beyond the effect of the Big Five facets.