Pieter Sjoerd van Koningsveld | Leiden University (original) (raw)

Papers by Pieter Sjoerd van Koningsveld

Research paper thumbnail of El pergamino de la Torre Turpiana: el documento original y sus primeros intérpretes

Los Plomos Del Sacromonte Invencion Y Tesoro 2006 Isbn 84 370 6464 3 Pags 113 140, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of La literatura cristiano-árabe de la España medieval y el significado de la transmisión textual en árabe de la "Collectio conciliorum

Concilio Iii De Toledo Xiv Centenario 589 1989 1991 Isbn 84 404 9971 X Pags 695 710, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of Les musulmans en Europe: trois problématiques principales, l' exemple des Pays-Bas

Le Statut Juridique De L Islam En Europe Actes Du Colloque International Organise Par Le Conseil De La Communaute Marocaine a L Etranger Fes 14 Et 15 Mars 2009 2010 Isbn 978 9954 21 196 0 Pags 247 259, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Islam in Nederland en Belgie. Religieuze instutionalisering in twee landen met een gemeenschappelijke voorgeschiedenis

Research paper thumbnail of Moslim als minderheid: vergruizeling van het Westerse islambeeld

Research paper thumbnail of The Study of Religion and the Training of Muslim Clergy in Europe : Academic and Religious Freedom in the 21st Century

Research paper thumbnail of Een waarschuwende noot is genoeg

Research paper thumbnail of Moskee met minaret is pas integratie

Research paper thumbnail of Religie, cultuur en minderheden. Historische en maatschappelijke aspecten van beeldvorming

Research paper thumbnail of Islamic Religious Education in the Netherlands

European Education, 2006

In Dutch primary schools, students choose from among several options for their religious educatio... more In Dutch primary schools, students choose from among several options for their religious education. In addition to the compulsory “spiritual movements” course, students can either study Islamic religious education (offered in 7 percent of public schools) or Christian religious education. The public and political debates surrounding the 41 Islamic primary schools has shifted over time. Whereas earlier on the debate focused around the merits of, or prejudices against these types of schools, more recent debates have looked at how these schools may impact the integration of Islam students into Dutch society. Most recently, management and quality issues plaguing these schools has been the focus of debate.

Research paper thumbnail of (with Gerard Wiegers) The Sacromonte Parchment and Lead Books. Critical Edition of the Arabic Texts and Analysis of the Religious Ideas. Presentation of a Dutch research project, Granada, 19 March 2019, 19.00-21.00 hours. With images of the original Lead Books and the Parchment

ISBN 9789082597820, 2019

The Archive of the Sacromonte Abbey in Granada preserves a historical treasure of great value tha... more The Archive of the Sacromonte Abbey in Granada preserves a
historical treasure of great value that was the object of the
present lecture by two Dutch scholars at the Palace of the
Archbishop in Granada, on Tuesday March 19, at 19.00 hours.
The treasure we are speaking of consists of Arabic texts on a
sheet of parchment and on numerous small tablets of lead,
which were discovered in Granada, at the end of the 16th
century, in the tower of the old Friday Mosque and in caves
of the “Valparaíso” hill, which henceforth became called
“Sacromonte”. These Arabic texts are among the very last
literary productions of the Granadan Moriscos, who were of
Andalusi Muslim origin and who continued to live in Spain,
often attached to their ancient Islamic faith in secret. With
the permission of the Archbishop of Granada, the Dutch
scholars, who are specialized in the History of Religions in
general, and especially in the history of Islam, including the
religious history of Muslims living in as minorities in
Christian Spain, are preparing a study, edition and
translation of these sources, which have been the object of
heated discussions in the 17th century and which have
regained international academic interest in the present time.
Professors Van Koningsveld (Emeritus Professor of Islamic
Studies at Leiden University) and Wiegers (Professor of
Comparative Religious Studies at the University of
Amsterdam), present herewith a report of their research
project and shed new light on the religious messages of these
enigmatic texts.

Research paper thumbnail of (with Gerard Albert Wiegers) Five Documents Illustrating the Early Activities of Miguel de Luna in Deciphering and Translating the Arabic Passages of the Parchment Found in the Torre Turpiana in Granada

Nuevas Aportaciones al conocimiento y estudio del Sacro Monte. IV Centenario Fundacional (1610-2010), 2011

The earliest transcriptions and translations of the Arabic passages of the notorious Granadan Par... more The earliest transcriptions and translations of the Arabic passages of the notorious Granadan Parchment were made by Miguel de Luna and Alonso del Castillo, soon after the document had been discovered, in 1588. The documents we are publishing here clearly show
that Miguel de Luna, right from the beginning, was sharply aware of the orthographic, “palaeographic”, grammatical and lexical idiosyncrasies of the Parchment, while Alonso del Castillo appears to have been totally unaware
of these technical tricks of this notorious falsification. Alonso del Castillo seems to have believed genuinely in the authenticity of the Parchment (as well as the Lead Books) as texts dating back to the years shortly after the
death of Jesus Christ. It is very hard to assume that the same holds true for Miguel de Luna, especially when in his address of 1595 in the presence of the Archbishop of Granada, Don Pedro de Castro, we see him referring to his
own notorious falsified pseudo-chronicle, “Historia Verdadera del Rey Don Rodrigo”, attributed by him to a fancy personality called Abulcasim Tarif Abentarique.

Research paper thumbnail of (with Gerard Albert Wiegers) Book of the Outstanding Qualities and Miracles of Our Lord Jesus and of His Mother the Holy Virgin Mary. كتب محاسين سيدنا يصوع ومعاجزه وامه مريم الصالحة العذرة‬ Edition and Annotated Translation Of Sacromonte Lead Book Number 7

Congress Paper Madrid "Polemical Encounters" CCHS-CSIS, September 29-October 1, 2014., 2014

The complete Arabic text and annotated English translation of the Granada Lead Book on the life o... more The complete Arabic text and annotated English translation of the Granada Lead Book on the life of Jesus.

Research paper thumbnail of (with Gerard Albert Wiegers)"The Book of the Enormous Mysteries that James the Apostle saw on the sacred mountain for the great gathering, written at his order by Cecilio, his disciple"- Lead Book number 22 in the Sacro Monte Archive, Granada. Arabic text and English translation with notes.

Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento y estudio del Sacro Monte. IV centenario fundacional (1610-2010)., 2011

An Islamic text with polemical, especially anti-Jewish,as well as apocalyptical overtones. Our pu... more An Islamic text with polemical, especially anti-Jewish,as well as apocalyptical overtones. Our publication presents the Arabic text, an English annotated translation, and photographs of the original disks of lead on which the text has been engraved.

Research paper thumbnail of Le parchemin et les livres de plomb de Grenade: Ecriture, langue et origine d'une falsification

Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento y estudio del Sacro Monte. IV Centenario Fundacional (1610-1210). Coords. Maria Julieta Vega Garcia-Ferrer, Maria Luisa Garcia Valverde, Antonio Lopez Carmona., 2011

We are dealing here with specific archaistic aspects of the Arabic writing and the Arabic languag... more We are dealing here with specific archaistic aspects of the Arabic writing and the Arabic language of the famous Parchment and Lead Books discovered in the eigthies and early nineties of the16th century in Granada.These archaistic aspects intend to create the impression that we are dealing here with very ancient documents which, according to their contents would date back to the early beginnings of Christianity. In addition, we discuss the arguments why it is reasonable to assume that Miguel de Luna would have been personally involved in these falsifications.

Research paper thumbnail of Arabic Manuscripts of the Tunisian teacher of Clenardus in Leiden, Vienna and Uppsala

Omslag, bulletin van de Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden en het Scaliger Instituut / 2010 - no 2, 2010

Theodor Dunkelgrün recently suggested the possibility that an Arabic Koran manuscript in the coll... more Theodor Dunkelgrün recently suggested the possibility that an Arabic Koran manuscript in the collection of the Leiden University Library (Codex Or. 241) had once belonged to the Classicist and Hebraist from Louvain, Nicolaas Cleynaerts (1493-1542), who at the same time was a pioneer in the fields of Arabic and Islamic studies. (See: Omslag 2009/3, p. 7-8). In order to study Arabic and Islam, Cleynaerts travelled to Spain, where, on the slave market of Malaga, he bought a young scholar from among the Tunisian prisoners of war by the name of Muhammad ibn Abî al-Fadl Kharûf. Under his guidance he studied Arabic grammar as well as the Koran. Manuscripts in the handwriting of this Tunisian scholar are preserved in Leiden, Vienna and Uppsala.

Research paper thumbnail of "Mon Kharuf". Quelques remarques sur le maître Tunisien du premier arabisant Néerlandais, Nicolas Clénard (1493-1542)

Nouvelles approches des relations islamo-chrétiennes à l'époque de la Renaissance. Actes de la Troisième Rencontre Scientifique tenue du 14 au 16 Mars 1998. Zaghouan: Fondation Temimi , 2000, pp. 122-141., 2000

The story of how the first arabist from the Low Countries, Nicolaus Clenardus (1493-1542), whose ... more The story of how the first arabist from the Low Countries, Nicolaus Clenardus (1493-1542), whose Dutch name name was Nicolaas Cleynaerts, succeeded in studying Arabic grammar and Islamic major sources like the Koran, by acquiring a learned Muslim slave in Almeria (Spain). Clenardus was professor of classical languages in Louvain, enjoying prestige for his grammars which were widely used. His desire to study Arabic and spread the Christian message in the Muslim world, brought him to Spain where the captive Muslim religious scholar Muhammed ibn Abi al-Fadl ibn Kharuf al-Tunisi became his teacher. By his sudden death in Granada, Clenardus did not succeed in laying the foundations of a modern study of Arabic and Islam as he had hoped, but his life and achievements are, nevertheless, impressive, and his ideas are worthy te be commemorated.

Research paper thumbnail of La Apología de al-Kindi en la España del siglo XII. Huellas toledanas de un « animal disputax ».

Estudios sobre Alfonso VI y la Reconquista de Toledo. Actas del II Congreso Internacional de Estudios Mozárabes (Toledo, 20-26 Mayo 1985). , 1989

The article discusses the possibility that the "Magister Petrus Toletanus", who translated the Ap... more The article discusses the possibility that the "Magister Petrus Toletanus", who translated the Apology of al-Kindi to Latin in 1142 was in fact Petrus Alphonsi. It argues that the Arabic manuscript used by Petrus Alphonsi in his "Dialogi contra Iudaeos", as well as by Petrus Toletanus in his Latin translation of 1142, was written in Hebrew script, in view of specific misreadings in difficult Arabic names. This suggests that also Pertus Toletanus must have been of Jewish background, just like Petrus Alphonsi himself. The author regards the discussion in Arabic between the Toledo priest "Al-Quti" (the Goth) and a certain al-Khazraji,temporarily residing in Toledo as a prisoner of war, as an imitation of al-Kindi's Apology. He interprets the (anonymous) epistle in Arabic sent from Toledo to Cordoba, entitled "Tathlith al-Wahdaniyya" ("The Triplicity of the Oneness"), as a continuation of the previous discussion and draws the attention to the Jewish background of its author, who in his epsitle, among others, quotes Hebrew and Aramaic Biblical texts in Arabic script.

Research paper thumbnail of The Apology of Al-Kindi

Religious Polemics in Context. Papers presented to the second international conference of the Leiden Institute for the Study of Religions (LISOR) held at Leiden, 27-28 April 2000. Eds. T L Hettema and A van der Kooij., 2004

This contribution studies the Arabic original and the medieval Latin translation of the notorious... more This contribution studies the Arabic original and the medieval Latin translation of the notorious anti-Muslim polemical text by Al-Kindi (fl. 850 AD). The author develops as his view that the author was a Chalcedonian Orthodox Christian, not a Nestorian one. He discusses many deficiencies of the medieval Latin version, mainly caused by the translator's insufficient knowledge of classical Arabic and of Islam.
The text is followed by two appendices. Appendix I presents a list of emendations of the edition by Munoz Sendino of the medieval Latin version, derived from MS Arsenal 1192 (BN Paris). Appendix II presents a list of the 18 manuscripts of the Arabic text known to the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Christian-Arabic manuscripts from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa: A historical interpretation. ,

Al-Qantara, 1994

This article deals with the surviving manuscripts which contain Christian­ Arabic texts that orig... more This article deals with the surviving manuscripts which contain Christian­ Arabic texts that originated mainly in Al-Andalus. With the help of a variety of chronological and geographical clues the provenance of these manuscripts may be attributed to:
(1) North Africa, especially to the circles of the Andalusian Christians li­
ving in exile in Morocco, and their descendants. The oldest specimens of this group date from the twenties of the 12th century.
(2) Christian Spain and Portugal, not only to the milieu of the Andalusian Christians who had settled in Christian territories, bul also to local arabophone Jews and Muslims, both Mudejars and Moriscos, who were interested in Chris­tian materials for apologetica! and polemica! reasons. (There are also some materials deriving from Christian religious scholars of non-arabophone origin who were interested in Arabic and Islam for missionary purposes). The manuscripts of this group date from the period between the 12th and the 16th centuries.
(3) to Al-Andalus (especially to the milieu of the Andalusian Christians).
The manuscripts ofthisgroup belong to the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.
The chronological and geographical distribution of these manuscripts re­flect the historical vicissitudes of Mozarab-Andalusian Christians. However, there appears to be no reason to assume that the surviving Christian-Arabic texts of Andalusian origin would be less representative of the original scopus of Christian-Arabic Andalusian literature than is the case for the surviving ma­ nuscripts with Muslim-Arabic texts of Andalusian origin. For a full understan­ ding of Christian literature in Al-Andalus, the surviving Latin manuscripts of Andalusian origin should be taken into account. as wel!. U nfortunately , palaeo­ graphical and/or codilogical criteria to distinguish these codices from their counterparts stemming from Christians kingdoms of the lberian Peninsula, are lacking so far.

Research paper thumbnail of El pergamino de la Torre Turpiana: el documento original y sus primeros intérpretes

Los Plomos Del Sacromonte Invencion Y Tesoro 2006 Isbn 84 370 6464 3 Pags 113 140, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of La literatura cristiano-árabe de la España medieval y el significado de la transmisión textual en árabe de la "Collectio conciliorum

Concilio Iii De Toledo Xiv Centenario 589 1989 1991 Isbn 84 404 9971 X Pags 695 710, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of Les musulmans en Europe: trois problématiques principales, l' exemple des Pays-Bas

Le Statut Juridique De L Islam En Europe Actes Du Colloque International Organise Par Le Conseil De La Communaute Marocaine a L Etranger Fes 14 Et 15 Mars 2009 2010 Isbn 978 9954 21 196 0 Pags 247 259, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Islam in Nederland en Belgie. Religieuze instutionalisering in twee landen met een gemeenschappelijke voorgeschiedenis

Research paper thumbnail of Moslim als minderheid: vergruizeling van het Westerse islambeeld

Research paper thumbnail of The Study of Religion and the Training of Muslim Clergy in Europe : Academic and Religious Freedom in the 21st Century

Research paper thumbnail of Een waarschuwende noot is genoeg

Research paper thumbnail of Moskee met minaret is pas integratie

Research paper thumbnail of Religie, cultuur en minderheden. Historische en maatschappelijke aspecten van beeldvorming

Research paper thumbnail of Islamic Religious Education in the Netherlands

European Education, 2006

In Dutch primary schools, students choose from among several options for their religious educatio... more In Dutch primary schools, students choose from among several options for their religious education. In addition to the compulsory “spiritual movements” course, students can either study Islamic religious education (offered in 7 percent of public schools) or Christian religious education. The public and political debates surrounding the 41 Islamic primary schools has shifted over time. Whereas earlier on the debate focused around the merits of, or prejudices against these types of schools, more recent debates have looked at how these schools may impact the integration of Islam students into Dutch society. Most recently, management and quality issues plaguing these schools has been the focus of debate.

Research paper thumbnail of (with Gerard Wiegers) The Sacromonte Parchment and Lead Books. Critical Edition of the Arabic Texts and Analysis of the Religious Ideas. Presentation of a Dutch research project, Granada, 19 March 2019, 19.00-21.00 hours. With images of the original Lead Books and the Parchment

ISBN 9789082597820, 2019

The Archive of the Sacromonte Abbey in Granada preserves a historical treasure of great value tha... more The Archive of the Sacromonte Abbey in Granada preserves a
historical treasure of great value that was the object of the
present lecture by two Dutch scholars at the Palace of the
Archbishop in Granada, on Tuesday March 19, at 19.00 hours.
The treasure we are speaking of consists of Arabic texts on a
sheet of parchment and on numerous small tablets of lead,
which were discovered in Granada, at the end of the 16th
century, in the tower of the old Friday Mosque and in caves
of the “Valparaíso” hill, which henceforth became called
“Sacromonte”. These Arabic texts are among the very last
literary productions of the Granadan Moriscos, who were of
Andalusi Muslim origin and who continued to live in Spain,
often attached to their ancient Islamic faith in secret. With
the permission of the Archbishop of Granada, the Dutch
scholars, who are specialized in the History of Religions in
general, and especially in the history of Islam, including the
religious history of Muslims living in as minorities in
Christian Spain, are preparing a study, edition and
translation of these sources, which have been the object of
heated discussions in the 17th century and which have
regained international academic interest in the present time.
Professors Van Koningsveld (Emeritus Professor of Islamic
Studies at Leiden University) and Wiegers (Professor of
Comparative Religious Studies at the University of
Amsterdam), present herewith a report of their research
project and shed new light on the religious messages of these
enigmatic texts.

Research paper thumbnail of (with Gerard Albert Wiegers) Five Documents Illustrating the Early Activities of Miguel de Luna in Deciphering and Translating the Arabic Passages of the Parchment Found in the Torre Turpiana in Granada

Nuevas Aportaciones al conocimiento y estudio del Sacro Monte. IV Centenario Fundacional (1610-2010), 2011

The earliest transcriptions and translations of the Arabic passages of the notorious Granadan Par... more The earliest transcriptions and translations of the Arabic passages of the notorious Granadan Parchment were made by Miguel de Luna and Alonso del Castillo, soon after the document had been discovered, in 1588. The documents we are publishing here clearly show
that Miguel de Luna, right from the beginning, was sharply aware of the orthographic, “palaeographic”, grammatical and lexical idiosyncrasies of the Parchment, while Alonso del Castillo appears to have been totally unaware
of these technical tricks of this notorious falsification. Alonso del Castillo seems to have believed genuinely in the authenticity of the Parchment (as well as the Lead Books) as texts dating back to the years shortly after the
death of Jesus Christ. It is very hard to assume that the same holds true for Miguel de Luna, especially when in his address of 1595 in the presence of the Archbishop of Granada, Don Pedro de Castro, we see him referring to his
own notorious falsified pseudo-chronicle, “Historia Verdadera del Rey Don Rodrigo”, attributed by him to a fancy personality called Abulcasim Tarif Abentarique.

Research paper thumbnail of (with Gerard Albert Wiegers) Book of the Outstanding Qualities and Miracles of Our Lord Jesus and of His Mother the Holy Virgin Mary. كتب محاسين سيدنا يصوع ومعاجزه وامه مريم الصالحة العذرة‬ Edition and Annotated Translation Of Sacromonte Lead Book Number 7

Congress Paper Madrid "Polemical Encounters" CCHS-CSIS, September 29-October 1, 2014., 2014

The complete Arabic text and annotated English translation of the Granada Lead Book on the life o... more The complete Arabic text and annotated English translation of the Granada Lead Book on the life of Jesus.

Research paper thumbnail of (with Gerard Albert Wiegers)"The Book of the Enormous Mysteries that James the Apostle saw on the sacred mountain for the great gathering, written at his order by Cecilio, his disciple"- Lead Book number 22 in the Sacro Monte Archive, Granada. Arabic text and English translation with notes.

Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento y estudio del Sacro Monte. IV centenario fundacional (1610-2010)., 2011

An Islamic text with polemical, especially anti-Jewish,as well as apocalyptical overtones. Our pu... more An Islamic text with polemical, especially anti-Jewish,as well as apocalyptical overtones. Our publication presents the Arabic text, an English annotated translation, and photographs of the original disks of lead on which the text has been engraved.

Research paper thumbnail of Le parchemin et les livres de plomb de Grenade: Ecriture, langue et origine d'une falsification

Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento y estudio del Sacro Monte. IV Centenario Fundacional (1610-1210). Coords. Maria Julieta Vega Garcia-Ferrer, Maria Luisa Garcia Valverde, Antonio Lopez Carmona., 2011

We are dealing here with specific archaistic aspects of the Arabic writing and the Arabic languag... more We are dealing here with specific archaistic aspects of the Arabic writing and the Arabic language of the famous Parchment and Lead Books discovered in the eigthies and early nineties of the16th century in Granada.These archaistic aspects intend to create the impression that we are dealing here with very ancient documents which, according to their contents would date back to the early beginnings of Christianity. In addition, we discuss the arguments why it is reasonable to assume that Miguel de Luna would have been personally involved in these falsifications.

Research paper thumbnail of Arabic Manuscripts of the Tunisian teacher of Clenardus in Leiden, Vienna and Uppsala

Omslag, bulletin van de Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden en het Scaliger Instituut / 2010 - no 2, 2010

Theodor Dunkelgrün recently suggested the possibility that an Arabic Koran manuscript in the coll... more Theodor Dunkelgrün recently suggested the possibility that an Arabic Koran manuscript in the collection of the Leiden University Library (Codex Or. 241) had once belonged to the Classicist and Hebraist from Louvain, Nicolaas Cleynaerts (1493-1542), who at the same time was a pioneer in the fields of Arabic and Islamic studies. (See: Omslag 2009/3, p. 7-8). In order to study Arabic and Islam, Cleynaerts travelled to Spain, where, on the slave market of Malaga, he bought a young scholar from among the Tunisian prisoners of war by the name of Muhammad ibn Abî al-Fadl Kharûf. Under his guidance he studied Arabic grammar as well as the Koran. Manuscripts in the handwriting of this Tunisian scholar are preserved in Leiden, Vienna and Uppsala.

Research paper thumbnail of "Mon Kharuf". Quelques remarques sur le maître Tunisien du premier arabisant Néerlandais, Nicolas Clénard (1493-1542)

Nouvelles approches des relations islamo-chrétiennes à l'époque de la Renaissance. Actes de la Troisième Rencontre Scientifique tenue du 14 au 16 Mars 1998. Zaghouan: Fondation Temimi , 2000, pp. 122-141., 2000

The story of how the first arabist from the Low Countries, Nicolaus Clenardus (1493-1542), whose ... more The story of how the first arabist from the Low Countries, Nicolaus Clenardus (1493-1542), whose Dutch name name was Nicolaas Cleynaerts, succeeded in studying Arabic grammar and Islamic major sources like the Koran, by acquiring a learned Muslim slave in Almeria (Spain). Clenardus was professor of classical languages in Louvain, enjoying prestige for his grammars which were widely used. His desire to study Arabic and spread the Christian message in the Muslim world, brought him to Spain where the captive Muslim religious scholar Muhammed ibn Abi al-Fadl ibn Kharuf al-Tunisi became his teacher. By his sudden death in Granada, Clenardus did not succeed in laying the foundations of a modern study of Arabic and Islam as he had hoped, but his life and achievements are, nevertheless, impressive, and his ideas are worthy te be commemorated.

Research paper thumbnail of La Apología de al-Kindi en la España del siglo XII. Huellas toledanas de un « animal disputax ».

Estudios sobre Alfonso VI y la Reconquista de Toledo. Actas del II Congreso Internacional de Estudios Mozárabes (Toledo, 20-26 Mayo 1985). , 1989

The article discusses the possibility that the "Magister Petrus Toletanus", who translated the Ap... more The article discusses the possibility that the "Magister Petrus Toletanus", who translated the Apology of al-Kindi to Latin in 1142 was in fact Petrus Alphonsi. It argues that the Arabic manuscript used by Petrus Alphonsi in his "Dialogi contra Iudaeos", as well as by Petrus Toletanus in his Latin translation of 1142, was written in Hebrew script, in view of specific misreadings in difficult Arabic names. This suggests that also Pertus Toletanus must have been of Jewish background, just like Petrus Alphonsi himself. The author regards the discussion in Arabic between the Toledo priest "Al-Quti" (the Goth) and a certain al-Khazraji,temporarily residing in Toledo as a prisoner of war, as an imitation of al-Kindi's Apology. He interprets the (anonymous) epistle in Arabic sent from Toledo to Cordoba, entitled "Tathlith al-Wahdaniyya" ("The Triplicity of the Oneness"), as a continuation of the previous discussion and draws the attention to the Jewish background of its author, who in his epsitle, among others, quotes Hebrew and Aramaic Biblical texts in Arabic script.

Research paper thumbnail of The Apology of Al-Kindi

Religious Polemics in Context. Papers presented to the second international conference of the Leiden Institute for the Study of Religions (LISOR) held at Leiden, 27-28 April 2000. Eds. T L Hettema and A van der Kooij., 2004

This contribution studies the Arabic original and the medieval Latin translation of the notorious... more This contribution studies the Arabic original and the medieval Latin translation of the notorious anti-Muslim polemical text by Al-Kindi (fl. 850 AD). The author develops as his view that the author was a Chalcedonian Orthodox Christian, not a Nestorian one. He discusses many deficiencies of the medieval Latin version, mainly caused by the translator's insufficient knowledge of classical Arabic and of Islam.
The text is followed by two appendices. Appendix I presents a list of emendations of the edition by Munoz Sendino of the medieval Latin version, derived from MS Arsenal 1192 (BN Paris). Appendix II presents a list of the 18 manuscripts of the Arabic text known to the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Christian-Arabic manuscripts from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa: A historical interpretation. ,

Al-Qantara, 1994

This article deals with the surviving manuscripts which contain Christian­ Arabic texts that orig... more This article deals with the surviving manuscripts which contain Christian­ Arabic texts that originated mainly in Al-Andalus. With the help of a variety of chronological and geographical clues the provenance of these manuscripts may be attributed to:
(1) North Africa, especially to the circles of the Andalusian Christians li­
ving in exile in Morocco, and their descendants. The oldest specimens of this group date from the twenties of the 12th century.
(2) Christian Spain and Portugal, not only to the milieu of the Andalusian Christians who had settled in Christian territories, bul also to local arabophone Jews and Muslims, both Mudejars and Moriscos, who were interested in Chris­tian materials for apologetica! and polemica! reasons. (There are also some materials deriving from Christian religious scholars of non-arabophone origin who were interested in Arabic and Islam for missionary purposes). The manuscripts of this group date from the period between the 12th and the 16th centuries.
(3) to Al-Andalus (especially to the milieu of the Andalusian Christians).
The manuscripts ofthisgroup belong to the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.
The chronological and geographical distribution of these manuscripts re­flect the historical vicissitudes of Mozarab-Andalusian Christians. However, there appears to be no reason to assume that the surviving Christian-Arabic texts of Andalusian origin would be less representative of the original scopus of Christian-Arabic Andalusian literature than is the case for the surviving ma­ nuscripts with Muslim-Arabic texts of Andalusian origin. For a full understan­ ding of Christian literature in Al-Andalus, the surviving Latin manuscripts of Andalusian origin should be taken into account. as wel!. U nfortunately , palaeo­ graphical and/or codilogical criteria to distinguish these codices from their counterparts stemming from Christians kingdoms of the lberian Peninsula, are lacking so far.

Research paper thumbnail of An Arabic Source of Ramon Martí:  Al-Saif al-Murhaf fî al-Radd ῾alâ al-Muṣḥaf (“The Whetted Sword in Refutation of the Koran”)   Introductory Study with Text and Translation of its Surviving Fragments

When Damascus had surrendered to the Mongols, in 1260, their leader Hulagu promised his Christian... more When Damascus had surrendered to the Mongols, in 1260, their leader Hulagu promised his Christian allies total freedom and equality of religion, including the possibility to openly manifest the Christian religious symbols and ceremonies. The resulting Christian celebrations of this event occasionally derailed into acts of provocation against Islamic centers of learning and worship. Soon after, when the Mongols had been driven out, following the Battle of ῾Ain Jâlûṭ between them and the Egyptian Mamluks, a bloody revenge was taken, with ensuing destruction and plundering of Christian houses of worship and the residences of Christian dignitaries and wealthy tradesmen.
In the enormous turmoil of those days, a Christian book appeared with unprecedented attacks and insults of the Koran and the Prophet. In its introductory parts, it presented a theoretical discussion of prophecy, discerning four conditions to be fulfilled for being legitimately called a prophet. Then, in four chapters, it aimed at demonstrating that Muhammad fulfilled neither of these conditions. The book quoted a wealth of Arabic, especially Islamic sources, varying from philosophical and theological works to the Koran and Hadith literature. A Coptic dignitary and intellectual, Al-Mu'taman Ibn al-῾Assâl, was accused to have authored the book and even arrested for some time, but finally escaped execution. The work was entitled Al-Saif al-Murhaf fî al-Radd ῾alâ al-Muṣḥaf (“The Whetted Sword in Refutation of the Koran”). Unfortunately, no manuscript of the work seems to have been preserved, but extensive quotations thereof are found in the polemical work of the Hanbalite jurist Ibn al-Ṭûfî (d. in Egypt in 716/1316), entitled Al-Intiṣârât al-islâmiyya fî kashf shubah al-naṣrâniyya.
In some hitherto unknown way, the book reached the writing-table of a promising young Dominican arabist from Catalonia, Ramon Martí, who was preparing to become a Christian missionary towards Muslims and Jews. He gratefully used the work as the basic text in his polemical De Seta Machometi (“On the Sect of Muhammad”), and especially in the central part thereof, entitled Quadruplex Reprobatio (“Fourfold Reprobation”, viz. of Muhammad) which can be regarded as a compilation of passages in Latin from this major Arabic source.

Research paper thumbnail of The Arabic Psalter of Hafs ibn Albar al-Quti: Prolegomena for a Critical Edition

The present work is an attempt to develop an approach towards a new, critical edition. In the fir... more The present work is an attempt to develop an approach towards a new, critical edition. In the first chapter we deal with the introductory materials to be found in Hafs' Psalter as well as in the two prose Psalters in Maghribi script that have been preserved. We are explaining here, among others, that the "frame-text"of the Maghribi Psalters exists in two different versions, a primitive version, and a revised version. In the second chapter we discuss the Psalter itself and its author. We discuss some of the historical references of his introductory urjuza, as well as the base-text and auxiliary materials used in the translation. Finally, we discuss the Arabic sources that shed some light on the life-span of our author. In the Conclusions, we summarize the working-method to be followed in a critical edition of Hafs' Psalter. Our work is cocluded by three Appendices. In the first appendix, we present an edition of the primitive version of the "frame-text" to be found in the Andalusian Psalters. In the second appendix, a corrected text of the introductory urjuza is provided, together with an English translation. This translation is based on Dunlop's translation of 1954. In the third and final appendix, there is a list of proposed emendations of the edition by Marie-Therese Urvoy (Psalms 1-34), as a practical illustration of the editorial methods to be followed in a critical edition, as discussed in our Conclusions.

Research paper thumbnail of El Pergamino y los Libros Plúmbeos del Sacromonte. Edición Crítica de los Textos Árabes y Análisis de las Ideas Religiosas en Ellos. Presentación de un proyecto de investigación holandés, Granada, 19 de marzo de 2019, 19.00-21.00. Con imágenes de los Libros Plúmbeos y del Pergamino.

El Pergamino y los Libros Plúmbeos del Sacromonte, 2019

El archivo de la Abadía del Sacromonte de Granada preserva un tesoro de gran importancia que fue ... more El archivo de la Abadía del Sacromonte de Granada preserva un tesoro de gran importancia que fue el tema de una conferencia pública por dos investigadores holandeses en el Palacio Arzobispal en Granada, el martes 19 de marzo 2019. El tesoro del que tratamos consiste de textos árabes escritos en un hoja de pergamino y un gran número de hojas pequeñas de plomo, descubiertos a finales del siglo XVI en un torre del antiguo mezquita catedral y en varias cuevas del Monte Valparaíso, llamado desde entonces el Sacro Monte. Estos textos árabes pertenecen a las últimas producciones literarias de los moriscos granadinos, de origen Andalusí y islámico. Los moriscos continuaron que en muchos casos su antigua fe en secreto. Con la permisión del Arzobispo de Granada, los investigadores holandeses, ambos especialistas en la historia de las religiones y la historia del islam, incluso la historia de los musulmanes que vivían como minorías en la España cristiana, están preparando un estudio, edición crítica y traducción de estas fuentes, que han sido objeto de una
fuerte polémica en el siglo XVII, y al presente se presentan de nuevo como un tema de gran interés por parte de la comunidad científico internacional. Los profesores Van
Koningsveld (Profesor emérito de Estudios Islámicos en la Universidad de Leiden) y Wiegers (Profesor de las Ciencias de las Religiones en la Universidad de Amsterdam), presentan aquí un informe científico sobre su proyecto y echan nueva luz sobre el discurso religioso de estos textos enigmáticos.

Research paper thumbnail of Translation into Spanish: Van Koningsveld, P.S. and Wiegers, G.A. El Pergamino y los Libros Plúmbeos del Sacromonte. Edición Crítica de los Textos Árabes y Análisis de las Ideas Religiosas en Ellos. Presentación de un proyecto de investigación holandés, Granada, 19 de marzo de 2019, 19.00-21.00.

Original English title: The Sacromonte Parchment and Lead Books. Critical Edition of the Arabic T... more Original English title: The Sacromonte Parchment and Lead Books. Critical Edition of the Arabic Texts and Analysis of the Religious Ideas. Presentation of a Dutch research project, Granada, 19 March 2019, 19.00-21.00 hours. With images of the original Lead Books and the Parchment.