Janet Grijzenhout | Universiteit Leiden (original) (raw)
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Papers by Janet Grijzenhout
Oxford University Press eBooks, Jun 8, 2023
This visual world eye tracking study tests how f0 affects stress perception in online speech comp... more This visual world eye tracking study tests how f0 affects stress perception in online speech comprehension. The screen showed segmentally overlapping cohort pairs with different stress patterns (WSW/SWW) together with two distractors. In experimental trials, auditory stimuli referred to the WSW cohort member, which was presented with a medial-peak (L+H* L-%) or an early-peak pitch accent (H+L* L-%). Prior to segmental disambiguation, participants fixated the SWW stress competitor more when the WSW target was presented with an early-peak accent. Hence, the peak position affects lexical activation, such that pitch peaks preceding stressed syllables in WSW words temporarily activate SWW words.
Outline When more is less. Evidence for decreasing discrimination skills between 10 and 16 months... more Outline When more is less. Evidence for decreasing discrimination skills between 10 and 16 months of age.
Historical Outlines from Sound to Text
The Blackwell Companion to Phonology
The Acquisition of Gender, 2022
Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science 34.1, 2012
Introduction to some basic terms and developments in phonological theory 2 Stability and instabil... more Introduction to some basic terms and developments in phonological theory 2 Stability and instability in consonant inventories 3 The future of 100kiFlg back in time on sound changes 4 Summary 5 References
Iwant to thank them all. They have made the past four years for what it was: the most interesting... more Iwant to thank them all. They have made the past four years for what it was: the most interesting and happiest period in my life{until now! ii Contents
Prosodic structures often condition the realizations of morphemes in early child speech. Gel'... more Prosodic structures often condition the realizations of morphemes in early child speech. Gel'ken ([5, 6]) found that English children are more likely to produce weak syllables that carry morphological material if they can be parsed into trochaic feet. So far, there have been only a few studies on how the acquisition of morphology is conditioned by prosody with two competing lexica (e.g. [10] on Spanish speech data by Spanish-German bilinguals). We contribute to this debate by investigating the interplay of prosody and morphology in two trochaic languages: German (a relatively strict trochaic language) and Italian (a language that allows more variant prosodic patterns). Our longitudinal production study involves three groups of children (aged 2; 10-6;05): monolingual Germans, monolingual Italians, and bilingual German-Italians. Our results suggest that weak syllable deletions in lapse positions in German sentences uttered by monolinguals and bilinguals are due to the fact that ch...
This paper examines the acquisition of prosodic words by one German child, Naomi, between age 1;2... more This paper examines the acquisition of prosodic words by one German child, Naomi, between age 1;2.06 and 1;7.27. In the literature on the early acquisition of English and Dutch (e.g., Ingram 1978, Smith 1973, and Fikkert 1994a,b, respectively), it is usually assumed that the first words in child speech consist of a plosive followed by a vowel, i.e., the first words that children produce supposedly have a CV-structure. In this paper, we will challenge this assumption. We will show that the first words in German child speech consist of at least one consonant and one vowel and the consonant may either precede or follow the vowel at the earliest word-stage. Also, initial fricatives are avoided at this stage and they are not replaced by any other consonant. We conclude from our findings that there is no stage in the development of German child speech where a CV-structure is preferred. Rather, German children respect the linear order of segments of the adult target from the onset of speec...
Outline When more is less. Evidence for decreasing discrimination skills between 10 and 16 months... more Outline When more is less. Evidence for decreasing discrimination skills between 10 and 16 months of age.
Consonant weakening processes may involve changes from phonetically long closure to short closure... more Consonant weakening processes may involve changes from phonetically long closure to short closure, from complete closure to some degree of approximation, and from approximation to deletion. The often gradient changes are hard to express in a feature geometric model because there is no unified set of features that accounts for them. I will propose a solution which employs aperture nodes. Short plosives involve a closure phase (represented by AO for zero aperture) and a release phase (represented here by Arel). Long plosives have a long closure phase followed by a release phase and are represented by 'AO AO AreI' (of which the first aperture node is assigned to a coda position and the other two to an onset). Consonant weakening processes are analyzed as deletion of one aperture node, while consonant strengthening processes involve insertion of one aperture node.
Even though there are many studies on the acquisition of intonation, it is not clear yet how the ... more Even though there are many studies on the acquisition of intonation, it is not clear yet how the acquisitional path of yes/no-questions (YNQs) develops in children learning languages that distinguish interrogatives and declaratives by means of pitch contours. The present study investigates the intonational realisation of information-seeking YNQs and declarative statements (DCLs) by monolingual German children between 2;8 and 4;0. Child productions were analysed for pitch range and phonological pitch patterns. Our findings suggest that, independent of age, DCLs are predominantly marked by falling f0 with a L-% boundary tone. The youngest children produce YNQs with both falling and rising patterns where L-% is the most common boundary tone. In contrast, 3to 4-year-olds produce YNQs mostly with rising f0 with either L-H% or H^H%. Thus, although the youngest children may be aware of the prosodic difference, they do not use pitch consistently yet to differentiate YNQs and DCLs. As of age...
This visual world eye tracking study tests how f0 affects stress perception in online speech comp... more This visual world eye tracking study tests how f0 affects stress perception in online speech comprehension. The screen showed segmentally overlapping cohort pairs with different stress patterns (WSW/SWW) together with two distractors. In experimental trials, auditory stimuli referred to the WSW cohort member, which was presented with a medial-peak (L+H* L-%) or an early-peak pitch accent (H+L* L-%). Prior to segmental disambiguation, participants fixated the SWW stress competitor more when the WSW target was presented with an early-peak accent. Hence, the peak position affects lexical activation, such that pitch peaks preceding stressed syllables in WSW words temporarily activate SWW words.
Languages, 2020
This study examines heritage speakers of Spanish in The Netherlands regarding their production of... more This study examines heritage speakers of Spanish in The Netherlands regarding their production of gender in both their languages (Spanish and Dutch) as well as their gender assignment strategies in code-switched constructions. A director-matcher task was used to elicit unilingual and mixed speech from 21 participants (aged 8 to 52, mean = 17). The nominal domain consisting of a determiner, noun, and adjective was targeted in three modes: (i) Unilingual Spanish mode, (ii) unilingual Dutch mode, and (iii) code-switched mode in both directions (Dutch to Spanish and Spanish to Dutch). The production of gender in both monolingual modes was deviant from the respective monolingual norms, especially in Dutch, the dominant language of the society. In the code-switching mode, evidence was found for the gender default strategy (common in Dutch, masculine in Spanish), the analogical gender strategy (i.e., the preference to assign the gender of the translation equivalent) as well as two thus far...
Oxford University Press eBooks, Jun 8, 2023
This visual world eye tracking study tests how f0 affects stress perception in online speech comp... more This visual world eye tracking study tests how f0 affects stress perception in online speech comprehension. The screen showed segmentally overlapping cohort pairs with different stress patterns (WSW/SWW) together with two distractors. In experimental trials, auditory stimuli referred to the WSW cohort member, which was presented with a medial-peak (L+H* L-%) or an early-peak pitch accent (H+L* L-%). Prior to segmental disambiguation, participants fixated the SWW stress competitor more when the WSW target was presented with an early-peak accent. Hence, the peak position affects lexical activation, such that pitch peaks preceding stressed syllables in WSW words temporarily activate SWW words.
Outline When more is less. Evidence for decreasing discrimination skills between 10 and 16 months... more Outline When more is less. Evidence for decreasing discrimination skills between 10 and 16 months of age.
Historical Outlines from Sound to Text
The Blackwell Companion to Phonology
The Acquisition of Gender, 2022
Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science 34.1, 2012
Introduction to some basic terms and developments in phonological theory 2 Stability and instabil... more Introduction to some basic terms and developments in phonological theory 2 Stability and instability in consonant inventories 3 The future of 100kiFlg back in time on sound changes 4 Summary 5 References
Iwant to thank them all. They have made the past four years for what it was: the most interesting... more Iwant to thank them all. They have made the past four years for what it was: the most interesting and happiest period in my life{until now! ii Contents
Prosodic structures often condition the realizations of morphemes in early child speech. Gel'... more Prosodic structures often condition the realizations of morphemes in early child speech. Gel'ken ([5, 6]) found that English children are more likely to produce weak syllables that carry morphological material if they can be parsed into trochaic feet. So far, there have been only a few studies on how the acquisition of morphology is conditioned by prosody with two competing lexica (e.g. [10] on Spanish speech data by Spanish-German bilinguals). We contribute to this debate by investigating the interplay of prosody and morphology in two trochaic languages: German (a relatively strict trochaic language) and Italian (a language that allows more variant prosodic patterns). Our longitudinal production study involves three groups of children (aged 2; 10-6;05): monolingual Germans, monolingual Italians, and bilingual German-Italians. Our results suggest that weak syllable deletions in lapse positions in German sentences uttered by monolinguals and bilinguals are due to the fact that ch...
This paper examines the acquisition of prosodic words by one German child, Naomi, between age 1;2... more This paper examines the acquisition of prosodic words by one German child, Naomi, between age 1;2.06 and 1;7.27. In the literature on the early acquisition of English and Dutch (e.g., Ingram 1978, Smith 1973, and Fikkert 1994a,b, respectively), it is usually assumed that the first words in child speech consist of a plosive followed by a vowel, i.e., the first words that children produce supposedly have a CV-structure. In this paper, we will challenge this assumption. We will show that the first words in German child speech consist of at least one consonant and one vowel and the consonant may either precede or follow the vowel at the earliest word-stage. Also, initial fricatives are avoided at this stage and they are not replaced by any other consonant. We conclude from our findings that there is no stage in the development of German child speech where a CV-structure is preferred. Rather, German children respect the linear order of segments of the adult target from the onset of speec...
Outline When more is less. Evidence for decreasing discrimination skills between 10 and 16 months... more Outline When more is less. Evidence for decreasing discrimination skills between 10 and 16 months of age.
Consonant weakening processes may involve changes from phonetically long closure to short closure... more Consonant weakening processes may involve changes from phonetically long closure to short closure, from complete closure to some degree of approximation, and from approximation to deletion. The often gradient changes are hard to express in a feature geometric model because there is no unified set of features that accounts for them. I will propose a solution which employs aperture nodes. Short plosives involve a closure phase (represented by AO for zero aperture) and a release phase (represented here by Arel). Long plosives have a long closure phase followed by a release phase and are represented by 'AO AO AreI' (of which the first aperture node is assigned to a coda position and the other two to an onset). Consonant weakening processes are analyzed as deletion of one aperture node, while consonant strengthening processes involve insertion of one aperture node.
Even though there are many studies on the acquisition of intonation, it is not clear yet how the ... more Even though there are many studies on the acquisition of intonation, it is not clear yet how the acquisitional path of yes/no-questions (YNQs) develops in children learning languages that distinguish interrogatives and declaratives by means of pitch contours. The present study investigates the intonational realisation of information-seeking YNQs and declarative statements (DCLs) by monolingual German children between 2;8 and 4;0. Child productions were analysed for pitch range and phonological pitch patterns. Our findings suggest that, independent of age, DCLs are predominantly marked by falling f0 with a L-% boundary tone. The youngest children produce YNQs with both falling and rising patterns where L-% is the most common boundary tone. In contrast, 3to 4-year-olds produce YNQs mostly with rising f0 with either L-H% or H^H%. Thus, although the youngest children may be aware of the prosodic difference, they do not use pitch consistently yet to differentiate YNQs and DCLs. As of age...
This visual world eye tracking study tests how f0 affects stress perception in online speech comp... more This visual world eye tracking study tests how f0 affects stress perception in online speech comprehension. The screen showed segmentally overlapping cohort pairs with different stress patterns (WSW/SWW) together with two distractors. In experimental trials, auditory stimuli referred to the WSW cohort member, which was presented with a medial-peak (L+H* L-%) or an early-peak pitch accent (H+L* L-%). Prior to segmental disambiguation, participants fixated the SWW stress competitor more when the WSW target was presented with an early-peak accent. Hence, the peak position affects lexical activation, such that pitch peaks preceding stressed syllables in WSW words temporarily activate SWW words.
Languages, 2020
This study examines heritage speakers of Spanish in The Netherlands regarding their production of... more This study examines heritage speakers of Spanish in The Netherlands regarding their production of gender in both their languages (Spanish and Dutch) as well as their gender assignment strategies in code-switched constructions. A director-matcher task was used to elicit unilingual and mixed speech from 21 participants (aged 8 to 52, mean = 17). The nominal domain consisting of a determiner, noun, and adjective was targeted in three modes: (i) Unilingual Spanish mode, (ii) unilingual Dutch mode, and (iii) code-switched mode in both directions (Dutch to Spanish and Spanish to Dutch). The production of gender in both monolingual modes was deviant from the respective monolingual norms, especially in Dutch, the dominant language of the society. In the code-switching mode, evidence was found for the gender default strategy (common in Dutch, masculine in Spanish), the analogical gender strategy (i.e., the preference to assign the gender of the translation equivalent) as well as two thus far...