Shamin Asghari | Universiteit Leiden (original) (raw)
Papers by Shamin Asghari
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Aug 31, 2021
Pakistan, Afghanistan CONTENTS 3.1 Navigating through governance regimes of aid and asylum 3.2 Li... more Pakistan, Afghanistan CONTENTS 3.1 Navigating through governance regimes of aid and asylum 3.2 Living in limbo-Livelihoods, (in)security and precarity in local settings 3.3 Following the networks-Connectivity and mobility in the context of protracted displacement 3.4 Building alliances-Displaced people's integration and intergroup relations with 'hosts' 3.5 Seizing opportunities-Development incentives and new economic interactions 4. Cross-cutting findings and emerging trends 4.1 Gendered imobilisation 4.2 Classed protractedness 4.3 Future-making of Afghan youth: Prospects of the 2nd and 3rd generation 4.4 Refugee rentierism 4.5 Vulnerability under COVID-19 Conclusions and outlook 40 Bibliography 42
Journal of Human Rights Practice, Nov 1, 2019
The international human rights system has identified any marriage before the age of 18 as forced ... more The international human rights system has identified any marriage before the age of 18 as forced marriage or a harmful traditional practice which should be eradicated mainly through legal reform. In many legal systems, the minimum age of marriage is still below 18. In Iran, girls can marry at the age of 13 and boys at the age of 15. Thus, the issue of early marriage has been a point of struggle between the international human rights system and Iran. What is lost in these mainly legal debates is the reality of early marriage. Those who advocate for the eradication of early marriage present a singular perception of such marriage as forced and harmful, while those who oppose the international approach in Iran merely focus on the Islamic roots of the current legislation. In practice, marriage is a complicated social construct. To address early marriage, one should analyse different causes and contexts that influence this institution and determine whether the negative consequences apply in all cases of early marriage. This article argues that the international human rights system should provide a context-sensitive response to early marriage. The human rights discourse is not the only setting for addressing early marriage. The general categorization of early marriage as a violation of human rights fails to recognize various factors that influence the timing of marriage, in particular girls' agency. To effectively address early marriage in Iran, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary.
Pakistan currently hosts up to three million Afghans, a number that is likely to increase due to ... more Pakistan currently hosts up to three million Afghans, a number that is likely to increase due to the Taliban's recent return to power in Afghanistan. This working paper is based on empirical research on the experience of Afghan displacement in Pakistan from 2019 until early 2021 as part of the European Union funded TRAFIG project. Findings show that Afghans' protracted displacement is classed. Many low-skilled, low-income and largely non-educated Afghans experience barriers to upward social mobility, particularly leading the Afghan youth to consider migrating to Europe. First-generation Afghan refugees who migrated mainly in the 1980s and 1990s prefer to stay in Pakistan; only few would return if the conditions allowed it. While aiming to incentivise return, Pakistani government policies hamper the opportunity for Afghans to move around within and beyond Pakistan and remain connected to their translocal and transnational networks. Many Afghan refugees have family members who...
Journal of Human Rights Practice
The international human rights system has identified any marriage before the age of 18 as forced ... more The international human rights system has identified any marriage before the age of 18 as forced marriage or a harmful traditional practice which should be eradicated mainly through legal reform. In many legal systems, the minimum age of marriage is still below 18. In Iran, girls can marry at the age of 13 and boys at the age of 15. Thus, the issue of early marriage has been a point of struggle between the international human rights system and Iran. What is lost in these mainly legal debates is the reality of early marriage. Those who advocate for the eradication of early marriage present a singular perception of such marriage as forced and harmful, while those who oppose the international approach in Iran merely focus on the Islamic roots of the current legislation. In practice, marriage is a complicated social construct. To address early marriage, one should analyse different causes and contexts that influence this institution and determine whether the negative consequences apply ...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Aug 31, 2021
Pakistan, Afghanistan CONTENTS 3.1 Navigating through governance regimes of aid and asylum 3.2 Li... more Pakistan, Afghanistan CONTENTS 3.1 Navigating through governance regimes of aid and asylum 3.2 Living in limbo-Livelihoods, (in)security and precarity in local settings 3.3 Following the networks-Connectivity and mobility in the context of protracted displacement 3.4 Building alliances-Displaced people's integration and intergroup relations with 'hosts' 3.5 Seizing opportunities-Development incentives and new economic interactions 4. Cross-cutting findings and emerging trends 4.1 Gendered imobilisation 4.2 Classed protractedness 4.3 Future-making of Afghan youth: Prospects of the 2nd and 3rd generation 4.4 Refugee rentierism 4.5 Vulnerability under COVID-19 Conclusions and outlook 40 Bibliography 42
Journal of Human Rights Practice, Nov 1, 2019
The international human rights system has identified any marriage before the age of 18 as forced ... more The international human rights system has identified any marriage before the age of 18 as forced marriage or a harmful traditional practice which should be eradicated mainly through legal reform. In many legal systems, the minimum age of marriage is still below 18. In Iran, girls can marry at the age of 13 and boys at the age of 15. Thus, the issue of early marriage has been a point of struggle between the international human rights system and Iran. What is lost in these mainly legal debates is the reality of early marriage. Those who advocate for the eradication of early marriage present a singular perception of such marriage as forced and harmful, while those who oppose the international approach in Iran merely focus on the Islamic roots of the current legislation. In practice, marriage is a complicated social construct. To address early marriage, one should analyse different causes and contexts that influence this institution and determine whether the negative consequences apply in all cases of early marriage. This article argues that the international human rights system should provide a context-sensitive response to early marriage. The human rights discourse is not the only setting for addressing early marriage. The general categorization of early marriage as a violation of human rights fails to recognize various factors that influence the timing of marriage, in particular girls' agency. To effectively address early marriage in Iran, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary.
Pakistan currently hosts up to three million Afghans, a number that is likely to increase due to ... more Pakistan currently hosts up to three million Afghans, a number that is likely to increase due to the Taliban's recent return to power in Afghanistan. This working paper is based on empirical research on the experience of Afghan displacement in Pakistan from 2019 until early 2021 as part of the European Union funded TRAFIG project. Findings show that Afghans' protracted displacement is classed. Many low-skilled, low-income and largely non-educated Afghans experience barriers to upward social mobility, particularly leading the Afghan youth to consider migrating to Europe. First-generation Afghan refugees who migrated mainly in the 1980s and 1990s prefer to stay in Pakistan; only few would return if the conditions allowed it. While aiming to incentivise return, Pakistani government policies hamper the opportunity for Afghans to move around within and beyond Pakistan and remain connected to their translocal and transnational networks. Many Afghan refugees have family members who...
Journal of Human Rights Practice
The international human rights system has identified any marriage before the age of 18 as forced ... more The international human rights system has identified any marriage before the age of 18 as forced marriage or a harmful traditional practice which should be eradicated mainly through legal reform. In many legal systems, the minimum age of marriage is still below 18. In Iran, girls can marry at the age of 13 and boys at the age of 15. Thus, the issue of early marriage has been a point of struggle between the international human rights system and Iran. What is lost in these mainly legal debates is the reality of early marriage. Those who advocate for the eradication of early marriage present a singular perception of such marriage as forced and harmful, while those who oppose the international approach in Iran merely focus on the Islamic roots of the current legislation. In practice, marriage is a complicated social construct. To address early marriage, one should analyse different causes and contexts that influence this institution and determine whether the negative consequences apply ...