Ian Grout | University of Limerick (original) (raw)

Papers by Ian Grout

Research paper thumbnail of Operational Amplifier Design in CMOS at Low-Voltage for Sensor Input Front-End Circuits in VLSI Devices

Very-Large-Scale Integration

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Research paper thumbnail of Digital Systems Design with FPGAs and CPLDs

... digital signal processor provide the necessary digital circuits, in integrated circuit (IC) f... more ... digital signal processor provide the necessary digital circuits, in integrated circuit (IC) form, to ... written without the aid of an electronic system incorporating a microprocessor running a ... have been traditionally implemented in software running on a processor-based digital system in ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Hand Motion And Gesture Control Of Laboratory Test Equipment Using The Leap Motion Controller

In this paper, the design and development of a system to provide hand motion and gesture control ... more In this paper, the design and development of a system to provide hand motion and gesture control of laboratory test equipment is considered and discussed. The Leap Motion controller is used to provide an input to control a laboratory power supply as part of an electronic circuit experiment. By suitable hand motions and gestures, control of the power supply is provided remotely and without the need to physically touch the equipment used. As such, it provides an alternative manner in which to control electronic equipment via a PC and is considered here within the field of human computer interaction (HCI).

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Research paper thumbnail of Rail-To-Rail Output Op-Amp Design With Negative Miller Capacitance Compensation

In this paper, a two-stage op-amp design is considered using both Miller and negative Miller comp... more In this paper, a two-stage op-amp design is considered using both Miller and negative Miller compensation techniques. The first op-amp design uses Miller compensation around the second amplification stage, whilst the second op-amp design uses negative Miller compensation around the first stage and Miller compensation around the second amplification stage. The aims of this work were to compare the gain and phase margins obtained using the different compensation techniques and identify the ability to choose either compensation technique based on a particular set of design requirements. The two op-amp designs created are based on the same two-stage rail-to-rail output CMOS op-amp architecture where the first stage of the op-amp consists of differential input and cascode circuits, and the second stage is a class AB amplifier. The op-amps have been designed using a 0.35mm CMOS fabrication process.

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Research paper thumbnail of Programmable logic based current control of light emitting diodes using sigma-delta modulation

2017 14th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON)

In this paper, the design and operation of a sigma-delta modulation based signal generator for th... more In this paper, the design and operation of a sigma-delta modulation based signal generator for the creation of signal waveforms to be used in current mode control of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is presented. The LED is to be used as the light source within an optical fiber sensor (OFS) system and is to be driven with known current waveforms for use within the system. In this paper, the use of pulse density modulation (PDM) is considered and waveforms are generated using a MATLAB/Simulink model of the analog waveform to encode along with a model of the sigma-delta modulator used. The output from the MATLAB/Simulink model is a sigma-delta encoded bit stream along with a VHDL design description that implements the signal in digital memory that can be synthesized into logic to target a suitable programmable logic device (PLD).

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Research paper thumbnail of Design and Performance Analysis of a Digitally Programmable Op-Amp

2018 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced System (ICIAS)

In this paper, the design and simulated response of a digitally programmable operational amplifie... more In this paper, the design and simulated response of a digitally programmable operational amplifier (op-amp) is discussed. The purpose of this programming capability is to allow for the op-amp DC gain and frequency response to be controlled. This is attained by programming the transistor tail current in the differential input stage of the op-amp operating at an analog power supply voltage of +3.3 V. Serial peripheral interface (SPI) communications is used here to provide control of the op-amp from an external digital host processor. The design is considered as a particular implementation of digital control of analog circuits. Examples of such digital control strategies of analog circuits are identified to create a context for this work before discussing and analyzing the op-amp design of concern.

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Research paper thumbnail of Human-Computer Interaction in Remote Laboratories with the Leap Motion Controller

In this paper, the role of the human-computer interface for remote, or online, laboratories is co... more In this paper, the role of the human-computer interface for remote, or online, laboratories is considered. The traditional equipment used in such remotely accessed laboratories is based on a desktop or laptop computer with keyboard, mouse and visual display unit (VDU). This is typical for both the client and server side computing. In recent years, tablet PCs (personal computers) and smart phones have enabled remote and mobile access using device touch screen based communications, changing the manner in which the user interacts with the laboratory services. The remote laboratory therefore needs to be set-up in order to allow for different user interaction (input-output) requirements. However, other forms of user-laboratory interaction via alternative human-computer interaction (HCI) devices and approaches could also be accommodated. For example, hand position/motion/gesture control and voice activation are modes of HCI that are of increasing interest, driven in many cases by computer...

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Research paper thumbnail of Digital Systems Design with FPGAs and CPLDs

This textbook explains how to design and develop digital electronic systems using programmable lo... more This textbook explains how to design and develop digital electronic systems using programmable logic devices (PLDs). Totally practical in nature, the book features numerous (quantify when known) case study designs using a variety of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD), for a range of applications from control and instrumentation to semiconductor automatic test equipment.Key features include:* Case studies that provide a walk through of the design process, highlighting the trade-offs involved.* Discussion of real world issues such as choice of device, pin-out, power supply, power supply decoupling, signal integrity- for embedding FPGAs within a PCB based design.With this book engineers will be able to:* Use PLD technology to develop digital and mixed signal electronic systems* Develop PLD based designs using both schematic capture and VHDL synthesis techniques* Interface a PLD to digital and mixed-signal systems* Undertake complete desig...

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Research paper thumbnail of Realization of NumPy Tensordot using the Field Programmable Gate Array for Embedded Machine Learning Applications

2020 8th International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), 2020

Today, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) functions are embedded into electronic system... more Today, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) functions are embedded into electronic systems enabling the inclusion of levels of system "intelligence" that otherwise could not be included using non-ML/DL approaches due to design considerations such as the required data processing times. Underlying the ML and DL operations are the necessary processing requirements, data storage (memory) and data structures (the format of the data). In addition, the manner in which the data is processed can be software based, hardware based, or a combination of software and hardware operations. In this paper, the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is considered to implement a FPGA based implementation of NumPy Tensordot in Python for computing the tensor dot product along specific axes for arrays greater than one-dimension. The functionality will be implemented within an embedded Xilinx MicroBlaze processor targeting the Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA.

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Research paper thumbnail of Final Year Undergraduate Student Projects as a Vehicle for Raising Student Awareness of Disabilities

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Research paper thumbnail of Rail-to-rail op-amp design incorporating negative miller and miller compensation

This paper considers and presents the design of a railto-rail input and output CMOS (complementar... more This paper considers and presents the design of a railto-rail input and output CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) two-stage operational amplifier (op-amp). The design uses two capacitance based compensation techniques for controlling stability and frequency response, the conventional Miller and negative Miller capacitances. The negative Miller capacitance is constructed around the first amplification stage and the conventional Miller capacitance is constructed around the second amplification stage. By setting suitable capacitance values, the conventional Miller and negative Miller capacitances allow the designer to control stability margins and frequency response. The design is based on a low-power design where the first stage consists of complementary differential input and summing circuit, and the second stage is a class-AB amplifier. The design has been created using a 0.35 μm CMOS (n-well) technology, its operation strategy simulated using the Cadence Spectre simulat...

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Research paper thumbnail of On-Line Electrical Supply Generation Fuel Mix Data Analysis using Python and TensorFlow

2019 International Conference on Power, Energy and Innovations (ICPEI), Oct 1, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Plastic Optical Fibre Sensor System Design Using the Field Programmable Gate Array

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technologies and Applications, Feb 14, 2018

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Research paper thumbnail of Utilization of data classification in the realization of a surface Plasmon resonance readout system using an FPGA controlled RGB LED light source

IEEE Sensors Journal

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Research paper thumbnail of Introduction to digital logic design

Microelectronics Journal, 1994

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Research paper thumbnail of Undergraduate/postgraduate student project work to support the teaching and learning of remote laboratory design

International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE), 2008

In this paper, consideration is given to the types of skills required by engineers who would be t... more In this paper, consideration is given to the types of skills required by engineers who would be tasked with designing, developing, implementing and maintaining remote engineering laboratories. In this, the engineer would be required to have a broad range of skills including electronic hardware design, computer software and information technology (IT) amongst others that are brought together in order to develop and support remote laboratories. The paper will consider these skills, along with the acquisition of these skills at primarily undergraduate level to acquire the basic skills, but also postgraduate level to acquire the advanced skills.

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Research paper thumbnail of Acquired Experiences With Computational Tool MS 2 SV Used in Electronic Circuit Design

The top-down methodology and CAD tools are important in development of electronic circuits. Mainl... more The top-down methodology and CAD tools are important in development of electronic circuits. Mainly when design is in high level of abstraction and many levels of representation can be used to modeling the electron ic circuits. Th is way is necessary to use a tool to execute the synthesis of models, i.e., changing a representation in high level of abstraction in another in lower level. This paper presents the experiences in use synthesis computational tools to support the synthesis of digital-to-analog converter models by translating between different tools used in modeling systems and electronic circuits. This tool is named MS 2 SV and works direct ly with the following two co mmercial tools: MATLAB / Simu link and SystemVision. The MS 2 SV synthetizes block diagram developed in Simu link rep resenting a mixed-signal circuit into a lower level of abstraction in VHDL-AMS. To co mpare the simu lation results was used SystemVision environ ment, because the MS 2 SV generates all design ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Pulse-Frequency Modulation Signal Generation for Programmable Logic Using Python and VHDL

2018 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON)

In this paper, the design and development of a pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) signal generator ... more In this paper, the design and development of a pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) signal generator circuit toolbox targeting the programmable logic device (PLD) is presented. PFM is signal encoding scheme that realizes an analog signal level as a digital bit-stream where the bit-stream frequency is proportional to the analog signal level. It is analogous to pulsewidth modulation (PWM). A Python script is run which sets-up a project and the analog signal to encode into PFM. The user can then generate a PFM signal generator circuit description in VHDL for implementation within a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or complex programmable logic device (CPLD). In this paper, the Xilinx Cool runner-II CPLD is chosen as the target device into which the VHDL circuit description can be synthesized and configured into the CPLD. In addition, a MATLAB script is generated to allow for analysis in MATLAB and a SPICE netlist is generated for analog circuit simulation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Flexible FPGA Based Digital IC Test Development Education Laboratory Design and Application

2020 17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2020

In this paper, a teaching aid for digital integrated circuit (IC) test development engineering ed... more In this paper, a teaching aid for digital integrated circuit (IC) test development engineering education using the field programmable gate array (FPGA) is presented and discussed. The set-up allows for different digital IC test development scenarios to be configured within the FPGA. For analysis and evaluation purposes, embedded machine learning functions could also include automated reporting of the system use. A case study design, using a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA, incorporating a circuit test set-up for an example digital IC based an implementation of the IEEE Std 1149.1 "IEEE Standard for Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture" is embedded within the FPGA. This is accessed by the user via a serial port connection. This case study design allows a user to investigate and implement test program development scenarios within a suitable education environment.

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Research paper thumbnail of Towards a Universally Accessible Laboratory for the Teaching and Learning of Electronic and Computer Engineering

Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

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Research paper thumbnail of Operational Amplifier Design in CMOS at Low-Voltage for Sensor Input Front-End Circuits in VLSI Devices

Very-Large-Scale Integration

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Digital Systems Design with FPGAs and CPLDs

... digital signal processor provide the necessary digital circuits, in integrated circuit (IC) f... more ... digital signal processor provide the necessary digital circuits, in integrated circuit (IC) form, to ... written without the aid of an electronic system incorporating a microprocessor running a ... have been traditionally implemented in software running on a processor-based digital system in ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Hand Motion And Gesture Control Of Laboratory Test Equipment Using The Leap Motion Controller

In this paper, the design and development of a system to provide hand motion and gesture control ... more In this paper, the design and development of a system to provide hand motion and gesture control of laboratory test equipment is considered and discussed. The Leap Motion controller is used to provide an input to control a laboratory power supply as part of an electronic circuit experiment. By suitable hand motions and gestures, control of the power supply is provided remotely and without the need to physically touch the equipment used. As such, it provides an alternative manner in which to control electronic equipment via a PC and is considered here within the field of human computer interaction (HCI).

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Research paper thumbnail of Rail-To-Rail Output Op-Amp Design With Negative Miller Capacitance Compensation

In this paper, a two-stage op-amp design is considered using both Miller and negative Miller comp... more In this paper, a two-stage op-amp design is considered using both Miller and negative Miller compensation techniques. The first op-amp design uses Miller compensation around the second amplification stage, whilst the second op-amp design uses negative Miller compensation around the first stage and Miller compensation around the second amplification stage. The aims of this work were to compare the gain and phase margins obtained using the different compensation techniques and identify the ability to choose either compensation technique based on a particular set of design requirements. The two op-amp designs created are based on the same two-stage rail-to-rail output CMOS op-amp architecture where the first stage of the op-amp consists of differential input and cascode circuits, and the second stage is a class AB amplifier. The op-amps have been designed using a 0.35mm CMOS fabrication process.

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Research paper thumbnail of Programmable logic based current control of light emitting diodes using sigma-delta modulation

2017 14th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON)

In this paper, the design and operation of a sigma-delta modulation based signal generator for th... more In this paper, the design and operation of a sigma-delta modulation based signal generator for the creation of signal waveforms to be used in current mode control of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is presented. The LED is to be used as the light source within an optical fiber sensor (OFS) system and is to be driven with known current waveforms for use within the system. In this paper, the use of pulse density modulation (PDM) is considered and waveforms are generated using a MATLAB/Simulink model of the analog waveform to encode along with a model of the sigma-delta modulator used. The output from the MATLAB/Simulink model is a sigma-delta encoded bit stream along with a VHDL design description that implements the signal in digital memory that can be synthesized into logic to target a suitable programmable logic device (PLD).

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Research paper thumbnail of Design and Performance Analysis of a Digitally Programmable Op-Amp

2018 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced System (ICIAS)

In this paper, the design and simulated response of a digitally programmable operational amplifie... more In this paper, the design and simulated response of a digitally programmable operational amplifier (op-amp) is discussed. The purpose of this programming capability is to allow for the op-amp DC gain and frequency response to be controlled. This is attained by programming the transistor tail current in the differential input stage of the op-amp operating at an analog power supply voltage of +3.3 V. Serial peripheral interface (SPI) communications is used here to provide control of the op-amp from an external digital host processor. The design is considered as a particular implementation of digital control of analog circuits. Examples of such digital control strategies of analog circuits are identified to create a context for this work before discussing and analyzing the op-amp design of concern.

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Research paper thumbnail of Human-Computer Interaction in Remote Laboratories with the Leap Motion Controller

In this paper, the role of the human-computer interface for remote, or online, laboratories is co... more In this paper, the role of the human-computer interface for remote, or online, laboratories is considered. The traditional equipment used in such remotely accessed laboratories is based on a desktop or laptop computer with keyboard, mouse and visual display unit (VDU). This is typical for both the client and server side computing. In recent years, tablet PCs (personal computers) and smart phones have enabled remote and mobile access using device touch screen based communications, changing the manner in which the user interacts with the laboratory services. The remote laboratory therefore needs to be set-up in order to allow for different user interaction (input-output) requirements. However, other forms of user-laboratory interaction via alternative human-computer interaction (HCI) devices and approaches could also be accommodated. For example, hand position/motion/gesture control and voice activation are modes of HCI that are of increasing interest, driven in many cases by computer...

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Research paper thumbnail of Digital Systems Design with FPGAs and CPLDs

This textbook explains how to design and develop digital electronic systems using programmable lo... more This textbook explains how to design and develop digital electronic systems using programmable logic devices (PLDs). Totally practical in nature, the book features numerous (quantify when known) case study designs using a variety of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD), for a range of applications from control and instrumentation to semiconductor automatic test equipment.Key features include:* Case studies that provide a walk through of the design process, highlighting the trade-offs involved.* Discussion of real world issues such as choice of device, pin-out, power supply, power supply decoupling, signal integrity- for embedding FPGAs within a PCB based design.With this book engineers will be able to:* Use PLD technology to develop digital and mixed signal electronic systems* Develop PLD based designs using both schematic capture and VHDL synthesis techniques* Interface a PLD to digital and mixed-signal systems* Undertake complete desig...

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Research paper thumbnail of Realization of NumPy Tensordot using the Field Programmable Gate Array for Embedded Machine Learning Applications

2020 8th International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), 2020

Today, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) functions are embedded into electronic system... more Today, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) functions are embedded into electronic systems enabling the inclusion of levels of system "intelligence" that otherwise could not be included using non-ML/DL approaches due to design considerations such as the required data processing times. Underlying the ML and DL operations are the necessary processing requirements, data storage (memory) and data structures (the format of the data). In addition, the manner in which the data is processed can be software based, hardware based, or a combination of software and hardware operations. In this paper, the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is considered to implement a FPGA based implementation of NumPy Tensordot in Python for computing the tensor dot product along specific axes for arrays greater than one-dimension. The functionality will be implemented within an embedded Xilinx MicroBlaze processor targeting the Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA.

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Research paper thumbnail of Final Year Undergraduate Student Projects as a Vehicle for Raising Student Awareness of Disabilities

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Rail-to-rail op-amp design incorporating negative miller and miller compensation

This paper considers and presents the design of a railto-rail input and output CMOS (complementar... more This paper considers and presents the design of a railto-rail input and output CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) two-stage operational amplifier (op-amp). The design uses two capacitance based compensation techniques for controlling stability and frequency response, the conventional Miller and negative Miller capacitances. The negative Miller capacitance is constructed around the first amplification stage and the conventional Miller capacitance is constructed around the second amplification stage. By setting suitable capacitance values, the conventional Miller and negative Miller capacitances allow the designer to control stability margins and frequency response. The design is based on a low-power design where the first stage consists of complementary differential input and summing circuit, and the second stage is a class-AB amplifier. The design has been created using a 0.35 μm CMOS (n-well) technology, its operation strategy simulated using the Cadence Spectre simulat...

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Research paper thumbnail of On-Line Electrical Supply Generation Fuel Mix Data Analysis using Python and TensorFlow

2019 International Conference on Power, Energy and Innovations (ICPEI), Oct 1, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Plastic Optical Fibre Sensor System Design Using the Field Programmable Gate Array

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technologies and Applications, Feb 14, 2018

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Utilization of data classification in the realization of a surface Plasmon resonance readout system using an FPGA controlled RGB LED light source

IEEE Sensors Journal

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Research paper thumbnail of Introduction to digital logic design

Microelectronics Journal, 1994

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Undergraduate/postgraduate student project work to support the teaching and learning of remote laboratory design

International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE), 2008

In this paper, consideration is given to the types of skills required by engineers who would be t... more In this paper, consideration is given to the types of skills required by engineers who would be tasked with designing, developing, implementing and maintaining remote engineering laboratories. In this, the engineer would be required to have a broad range of skills including electronic hardware design, computer software and information technology (IT) amongst others that are brought together in order to develop and support remote laboratories. The paper will consider these skills, along with the acquisition of these skills at primarily undergraduate level to acquire the basic skills, but also postgraduate level to acquire the advanced skills.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Acquired Experiences With Computational Tool MS 2 SV Used in Electronic Circuit Design

The top-down methodology and CAD tools are important in development of electronic circuits. Mainl... more The top-down methodology and CAD tools are important in development of electronic circuits. Mainly when design is in high level of abstraction and many levels of representation can be used to modeling the electron ic circuits. Th is way is necessary to use a tool to execute the synthesis of models, i.e., changing a representation in high level of abstraction in another in lower level. This paper presents the experiences in use synthesis computational tools to support the synthesis of digital-to-analog converter models by translating between different tools used in modeling systems and electronic circuits. This tool is named MS 2 SV and works direct ly with the following two co mmercial tools: MATLAB / Simu link and SystemVision. The MS 2 SV synthetizes block diagram developed in Simu link rep resenting a mixed-signal circuit into a lower level of abstraction in VHDL-AMS. To co mpare the simu lation results was used SystemVision environ ment, because the MS 2 SV generates all design ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Pulse-Frequency Modulation Signal Generation for Programmable Logic Using Python and VHDL

2018 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON)

In this paper, the design and development of a pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) signal generator ... more In this paper, the design and development of a pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) signal generator circuit toolbox targeting the programmable logic device (PLD) is presented. PFM is signal encoding scheme that realizes an analog signal level as a digital bit-stream where the bit-stream frequency is proportional to the analog signal level. It is analogous to pulsewidth modulation (PWM). A Python script is run which sets-up a project and the analog signal to encode into PFM. The user can then generate a PFM signal generator circuit description in VHDL for implementation within a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or complex programmable logic device (CPLD). In this paper, the Xilinx Cool runner-II CPLD is chosen as the target device into which the VHDL circuit description can be synthesized and configured into the CPLD. In addition, a MATLAB script is generated to allow for analysis in MATLAB and a SPICE netlist is generated for analog circuit simulation.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Flexible FPGA Based Digital IC Test Development Education Laboratory Design and Application

2020 17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2020

In this paper, a teaching aid for digital integrated circuit (IC) test development engineering ed... more In this paper, a teaching aid for digital integrated circuit (IC) test development engineering education using the field programmable gate array (FPGA) is presented and discussed. The set-up allows for different digital IC test development scenarios to be configured within the FPGA. For analysis and evaluation purposes, embedded machine learning functions could also include automated reporting of the system use. A case study design, using a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA, incorporating a circuit test set-up for an example digital IC based an implementation of the IEEE Std 1149.1 "IEEE Standard for Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture" is embedded within the FPGA. This is accessed by the user via a serial port connection. This case study design allows a user to investigate and implement test program development scenarios within a suitable education environment.

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Research paper thumbnail of Towards a Universally Accessible Laboratory for the Teaching and Learning of Electronic and Computer Engineering

Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

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