Deciphering the ‘Ethnic Penalty’ of Immigrants in Western Europe: A Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis (original) (raw)

References

• Aigner, D., & Cain, G. (1977). Statistical theories of discrimination in labor markets. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 30(2), 175–187.
  Article Google Scholar
• Alba, R., & Nee, V. (1997). Rethinking assimilation theory for a new era of immigration. International Migration Review, 31(4), 826–874.
  Article Google Scholar
• Alba, R., & Nee, V. (2005). Remaking the American mainstream: Assimilation and contemporary immigration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Allison, P. D. (1999). Comparing logit and probit coefficients across groups. Sociological Methods and Research, 28(2), 186–208.
  Article Google Scholar
• Antecol, H. (2000). An examination of cross-country differences in the gender gap in labor force participation rates. Labour Economics, 7(4), 409–426.
  Article Google Scholar
• Arrow, K. (1973). The theory of discrimination. Discrimination in Labor Markets, 3(10), 3–33.
  Google Scholar
• Becker, G. S. (1971). The economics of discrimination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  Book Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5–68.
  Google Scholar
• Bogardus, E. (1933). A social distance scale. Sociology and Social Research, 22, 265–271.
  Google Scholar
• Bollinger, C. R. (2003). Measurement error in human capital and the black–white wage gap. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(3), 578–585.
  Article Google Scholar
• Borjas, G. (1987). Self-selection and the earnings of immigrants. The American Economic Review, 77(4), 531–553.
  Google Scholar
• Borjas, G. (1988). International differences in the labor market performance of immigrants. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
• Borjas, G. (1990). Friends or strangers: The impact of immigrants on the US economy. New York: Basic Books.
  Google Scholar
• Borjas, G. (1995). Assimilation and changes in cohort quality revisited: What happened to immigrant earnings in the 1980s? Journal of Labor Economics, 13(2), 201–245.
  Article Google Scholar
• Bursell, M. (2012). Ethnic discrimination, name change and labor market inequality: Mixed approaches to ethnic exclusion in Sweden. Stockholm: Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis.
  Google Scholar
• Chiswick, B. (1978). The effect of americanization on the earnings of foreign-born men. The Journal of Political Economy, 86(5), 897–921.
  Article Google Scholar
• Chiswick, B. (1979). The economic progress of immigrants: Some apparently universal patterns. In W. Fellner (Ed.), Contemporary economic problems (pp. 357–399). Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
  Google Scholar
• CIA. (2013). Distribution of family income—Gini Index. Washington, DC: C. I. Agency.
  Google Scholar
• Cobb-Clark, D. A. (1993). Immigrant selectivity and wages: The evidence for women. American Economic Review, 83(4), 986–993.
  Google Scholar
• Cohen, Y. (1996). Economic assimilation in the united states of arab and jewish immigrants from israel and the territories. Israel Studies, 1(2), 75–97.
  Article Google Scholar
• Collett, E., & Petrovic, M. (2014). The future of immigrant integration in Europe: Mainstreaming approaches for inclusion. Brussels: Migration Policy Institute Europe.
  Google Scholar
• De-Beijl, R. Z. (2000). Documenting discrimination against migrant workers in the labour market: A comparative study of four European countries (Vol. 1). Geneva: International Labour Organization.
  Google Scholar
• Eldridge, H. (1964). A cohort approach to the analysis of migration differentials. Demography, 1(1), 212–219.
  Article Google Scholar
• Fielding, A., & Goldstein, H. (2006). Cross-classified and multiple membership structures in multilevel models: An introduction and review (Vol. 69). Birmingham: University of Birmingham.
  Google Scholar
• Filindra, A., Blanding, D., & Coll, C. G. (2011). The power of context: State-level policies and politics and the educational performance of the children of immigrants in the United States. Harvard Educational Review, 81(3), 407–438.
  Article Google Scholar
• Fleischmann, F., & Dronkers, J. (2010). Unemployment among immigrants in European labour markets: An analysis of origin and destination effects. Work, Employment and Society, 24(2), 337–354.
  Article Google Scholar
• Gans, H. (1992). Second-generation decline: Scenarios for the economic and ethnic futures of the post 1965 American immigrants. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 15(2), 173–192.
  Article Google Scholar
• Goldstein, H. (2005). Multilevel models. In: P. Armitage, T. Colton (Eds.), Encyclopedia of biostatistics (pp. 2725–2731). Chichester, UK: Wiley. doi:10.1002/0470011815.b2a09031.
• Gordon, M. M. (1964). Assimilation in American life: The role of race, religion, and national origins. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• HDI. (2013). Human development index. New York: Human Development Report Office, the United Nation. (http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/)
• Heath, A. (2007). Crossnational patterns and processes of ethnic disadvantage. In A. Heath & S. Y. Cheung (Eds.), Unequal chances: Ethnic Minorities in western labour markets. Oxford: British Academy, Oxford University Press.
  Chapter Google Scholar
• Heath, A., & Cheung, S. Y. (2006). Ethnic penalties in the labour market: Employers and discrimination. Leeds: Department for Work and Pensions.
  Google Scholar
• Heath, A., & Cheung, S. Y. (Eds.). (2007). Unequal chances: Ethnic minorities in western labour markets. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Heath, A., Rothon, C., & Kilpi, E. (2008). The second generation in Western Europe: Education, unemployment, and occupational attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 34, 211–235.
  Article Google Scholar
• Heckman, J. J. (1998). Detecting discrimination. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(2), 101–116.
  Article Google Scholar
• Heckman, J. J., Lyons, T. M., & Todd, P. E. (2000). Understanding black–white wage differentials, 1960–1990. The American Economic Review, 90(2), 344–349.
  Article Google Scholar
• Huddleston, T., Bilgili, O., Joki A. L., Vankova, Z. (2015). Migrant integration policy index. Barcelona/Brussels: CIDOB and MPG.
• Huijts, T., & Kraaykamp, G. (2012). Immigrants’ health in Europe: A cross-classified multilevel approach to examine origin country, destination country, and community effects. International Migration Review, 46(1), 101–137.
  Article Google Scholar
• Irwin, S., & Bottero, W. (2000). Market returns? Gender and theories of change in employment relations. The British Journal of Sociology, 51(2), 261–280.
  Article Google Scholar
• Jonsson, J. O. (2007). The farther they come, the harder they fall? First and second generation immigrants in the Swedish labour market. In A. Heath & S. Y. Cheung (Eds.), Unequal chances: Ethnic minorities in western labour markets. Oxford: British Academy, Oxford University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Just, A., Sandovici, M. E., & Listhaug, O. (2014). Islam, religiosity, and immigrant political action in Western Europe. Social Science Research, 43, 127–144.
  Article Google Scholar
• Karlson, K. B., Holm, A., & Breen, R. (2012). Comparing regression coefficients between same-sample nested models using logit and probit a new method. Sociological Methodology, 42(1), 286–313.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kivisto, P. (1990). The transplanted then and now: The reorientation of immigration studies from the Chicago School to the new social history 1. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 13(4), 455–481.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford press.
  Google Scholar
• Kogan, I. (2006). Labor markets and economic incorporation among recent immigrants in Europe. Social Forces, 85(2), 697–721.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kymlicka, W., & Banting, K. (2006). Immigration, multiculturalism, and the welfare state. Ethics and International Affairs, 20(3), 281–304.
  Article Google Scholar
• LaPiere, R. T. (1934). Attitudes vs. actions. Social Forces, 13(2), 230–237.
  Article Google Scholar
• Long, J. S., & Freese, J. (2006). Regression models for categorical dependent variables using Stata. Texas: Stata Press.
  Google Scholar
• Maliepaard, M., & Phalet, K. (2012). Social integration and religious identity expression among Dutch muslims the role of minority and majority group contact. Social Psychology Quarterly, 75(2), 131–148.
  Article Google Scholar
• Menard, S. (2011). Standards for standardized logistic regression coefficients. Social Forces, 89(4), 1409–1428.
  Article Google Scholar
• Model, S., & Lin, L. (2002). The cost of not being Christian: Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims in Britain and Canada. International Migration Review, 36(4), 1061–1092.
  Article Google Scholar
• Mood, C. (2010). Logistic regression: Why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it. European Sociological Review, 26(1), 67–82.
  Article Google Scholar
• Morissens, A., & Sainsbury, D. (2005). Migrants’ social rights, ethnicity and welfare regimes. Journal of Social Policy, 34(4), 637.
  Article Google Scholar
• Neumark, D. (2012). Detecting discrimination in audit and correspondence studies. Journal of Human Resources, 47(4), 1128–1157.
  Article Google Scholar
• Park, R. E., & Miller, H. A. (1921). Old world traits transplanted. New York: Harpers and Brothers publishers.
  Google Scholar
• Phelps, E. S. (1972). The statistical theory of racism and sexism. The American Economic Review, 62(4), 659–661.
  Google Scholar
• Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. G. (2006). Immigrant America: A portrait. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  Google Scholar
• Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (1993). The new second generation: Segmented assimilation and its variants. The annals of the American academy of political and social science, 530(1), 74–96.
  Article Google Scholar
• Rydgren, J. (2004). The logic of xenophobia. Rationality and Society, 16(2), 123–148.
  Article Google Scholar
• Safi, M. (2010). Immigrants’ life satisfaction in Europe: Between assimilation and discrimination. European Sociological Review, 26(2), 159–176.
  Article Google Scholar
• Sainsbury, D. (2006). Immigrants’ social rights in comparative perspective: Welfare regimes, forms in immigration and immigration policy regimes. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(3), 229–244.
  Article Google Scholar
• Silberman, R., & Fournier, I. (2009). Second generations on the job market in France: A persistent ethnic penalty. Revue française de sociologie, 49(5), 45–94.
  Article Google Scholar
• Snijders, T. A. B. (2011). Multilevel analysis. In M. Lovric (Ed.), International encyclopedia of statistical science. Berlin: Springer.
  Google Scholar
• Van Tubergen, F., Maas, I., & Flap, H. (2004). The economic incorporation of immigrants in 18 Western societies: Origin, destination, and community effects. American Sociological Review, 69(5), 704.
  Article Google Scholar
• Williams, R. (2009). Using heterogeneous choice models to compare logit and probit coefficients across groups. Sociological Methods and Research, 37(4), 531–559.
  Article Google Scholar
• World-Bank. (2013). Gini Index. Washington, DC: W. Bank.
  Google Scholar
• Zhou, M. (1997). Segmented assimilation: Issues, controversies, and recent research on the new second generation. International Migration Review, 31(4), 975–1008.
  Article Google Scholar

Download references