Bovine muscle n−3 fatty acid content is increased with flaxseed feeding (original) (raw)

References

  1. Simopoulos, A.P. (1999) Essential FA in Health and Chronic Diseases, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70 (Suppl.), 560S-569S.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  2. Svensson, B.-G., Nilsson, A., Hansson, M., Rappe, C., Akesson, B., and Skerfving, S. (1991) Exposure to Dioxins and Dibenzofurans Through the Consumption of Fish, New Engl. J. Med. 324, 8–12.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  3. Hites, R.A., Foran, J.A., Carpenter, D.O., Hamilton, M.C., Knuth, B.A., and Schwager, S.J. (2004) Global Assessment of Organic Contaminants in Farmed Salmon, Science 303, 226–229.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  4. Economic Research Service, Fishery Products—Per Capita Consumption, http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FoodConsumption/Spreadsheets/mtfish.xls (accessed Dec. 2004).
  5. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seafood Consumption Rose Again in 2003. http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2322.htm (accessed Dec. 2004).
  6. Mandell, I.B., Buchanan-Smith, J.G., Holub, B.J., and Campbell, C.P. (1997) Effects of Fish Meal in Beef Cattle Diets on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and FA Composition of Longissimus Muscle, J. Anim. Sci. 75, 910–919.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  7. Enser, M., Hallett, K.G., Hewett, B., Fursey, G.A.J., Wood, J.D., and Harrington, G. (1998) FA Content and Composition of UK Beef and Lamb Muscle in Relation to Production System and Implications for Human Nutrition, Meat Sci. 49, 329–341.
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  8. Ponnampalam, E.N., Mann, N.J., and Sinclair, A.J. (2006) Effects of Feeding Systems on Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Trans Fatty Acids in Australian Beef Cuts: Potential Impact on Human Health, Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 15, 21–29.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  9. Kris-Etherton, P.M., Harris, W.S., and Appel, L.J. (2003) Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: New Recommendations from the American Heart Association, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23, 151–152.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  10. Franklin, S.T., Martin, K.R., Baer, R.J., Schingoethe, D.J., and Hippen, A.R. (1999) Dietary Marine Algae (Schizochytrium sp.) Increases Concentrations of Conjugated Linoleic, Docosahexaenoic and _trans_-Vaccenic Acids in Milk of Dairy Cows, J. Nutr. 129, 2048–2052.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  11. Goodridge, J., Ingalls, J.R., and Crow, G.H. (2001) Transfer of Omega-3 Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid to Milk Fat from Flaxseed or Linola Protected with Formaldehyde, Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 525–532.
    CAS Google Scholar
  12. Petit, H.V., Dewhurst, R.J., Scollan, N.D., Proulx, J.G., Khalid, M., Haresign, W., Twagiramungu, H., and Mann, G.E. (2002) Milk Production and Composition, Ovarian Function, and Prostaglandin Secretion of Dairy Cows Fed Omega-3 Fats, J. Dairy Sci. 85, 889–899.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  13. Specht-Overholt, S., Romans, J.R., Marchello, M.J., Izard, R.S., Crews, M.G., Simon, D.M., Costello, W.J., and Evenson, P.D. (1997) FA Composition of Commercially Manufactured Omega-3 Enriched Pork Products, Haddock, and Mackerel, J. Anim. Sci. 75, 2335–2343.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  14. Kouba, M., Enser, M., Whittington, F.M., Nute, G.R., and Wood, J.D. (2003) Effect of a High-Linolenic Acid Diet on Lipogenic Enzyme Activities, FA Composition, and Meat Quality in the Growing Pig, J. Anim. Sci. 81, 1967–1979.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  15. Wachira, A.M., Sinclair, L.A., Wilkinson, R.G., Enser, M., Wood, J.D., and Fisher, A.V. (2002) Effects of Dietary Fat Source and Breed on the Carcass Composition, n−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content of Sheep Meat and Adipose Tissue, Brit. J. Nutr. 88, 697–709.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  16. Ponnampalam, E.N., Sinclair, A.J., Egan, A.R., Blakeley, S.J., Li, D., and Leury, B.J. (2001) Effect of Dietary Modification of Muscle Long-Chain n−3 Fatty Acid on Plasma Insulin and Lipid Metabolites, Carcass Traits, and Fat Deposition in Lambs, J. Anim. Sci. 79, 895–903.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  17. Ponnampalam, E.N., Sinclair, A.J., Hosking, B.J., and Egan, A.R. (2002) Effects of Dietary Lipid Type on Muscle Fatty Acid Composition, Carcass Leanness, and Meat Toughness in Lambs, J. Anim. Sci. 80, 628–636.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  18. Ajuyah, A.O., Ahn, D.U., Hardin, R.T., and Sim, J.S. (1993) Dietary Antioxidants and Storage Affect Chemical Characteristics of Omega-3 FA Enriched Broiler Chicken Meals, J. Food Sci. 58, 43–46.
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  19. Gonzalez-Esquerra, R., and Leeson, S. (2001) Alternatives for Enrichment of Eggs and Chicken Meat with Omega-3 FA, Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 295–305.
    CAS Google Scholar
  20. French, P., Stanton, C., Lawless, F., O’Riordan, E.G., Monahan, F.J., Caffrey, P.J., and Moloney, A.P. (2000) Fatty Acid Composition, Including Conjugated Linoleic Acid, of Intramuscular Fat from Steers Offered Grazed Grass, Grass Silage, or Concentrate-Based Diets, J. Anim. Sci. 78, 2849–2855.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  21. Li, D., Siriamornpun, S., Wahlqvist, M.L., Mann, N.J., and Sinclair, A.J. (2005) Lean Meat and Heart Health, Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 14, 113–119.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  22. Sinclair, A.J., Johnson, L., O’Dea, K., and Holman, R.T. (1994) Diets Rich in Lean Beef Increase Arachidonic Acid and Long-Chain 3 Polyunsaturated FA Levels in Plasma Phospholipids, Lipids 29, 337–343.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  23. Duckett, S.K., and Wagner, D.G. (1998) Effect of Cooking on the FA Composition of Beef Intramuscular Lipid, J. Food Comp. Anal. 11, 357–362.
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  24. Scheeder, M.R.I., Casutt, M.M., Roulin, M., Escher, F., Dufey, P.-A., and Kreuzer, M. (2001) FA Composition, Cooking Loss and Texture of Beef Patties from Meat of Bulls Fed Different Fats, Meat Sci. 58, 321–328
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  25. Badiani, A., Stipa, S., Bitossi, F., Gatta, P.P., Vignola, G., and Chizzolini, R. (2002) Lipid Composition, Retention, and Oxidation in Fresh and Completely Trimmed Beef Muscles as Affected by Common Culinary Practices, Meat Sci. 60, 169–186.
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  26. McAllister, T.A., Cheng, K.-J., Beauchemin, K.A., Bailey, D.R.C., Pickard, M.D., and Gilbert, R.P. (1993) Use of Lignosulfonate to Decrease the Rumen Degradability of Canola Meal Protein, Can. J. Anim. Sci. 73, 211–215.
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  27. Hara, A., and Radin, N.S. (1978) Lipid Extraction of Tissues with a Low-Toxicity Solvent, Anal. Biochem. 90, 420–426.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  28. Murphy, E.J., and Schroeder, F. (1997) Sterol Carrier Protein-2 Mediated Cholesterol Esterification in Transfected L-Cell Fibroblasts, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1345, 283–292.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  29. Rouser, G., Siakotos, A., and Fleischer, S. (1966) Quantitative Analysis of Phospholipids by Thin Layer Chromatography and Phosphorus Analysis of Spots, Lipids 1, 85–86.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  30. Bowman, R.E., and Wolf, R.C. (1962) A Rapid and Specific Ultramicro Method for Total Serum Cholesterol, Clin. Chem. 8, 302–309.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  31. Brockerhoff, H. (1975) Determination of the Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Glycerolipids, Methods Enzymol. 35, 315–325.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  32. Murphy, E.J., Barcelo-Coblijn, G., Binas, B., and Glatz, J.F. (2004) Heart Fatty Acid Uptake Is Decreased in Heart-Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene-Ablated Mice, J. Biol. Chem. 279, 34481–34488.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  33. Choi, N.J., Enser, M., Wood, J.D., and Scollan, N.D. (2000) Effect of Breed on the Deposition in Beef Muscle and Adipose Tissue of Dietary n−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Anim. Sci. 71, 509–519.
    CAS Google Scholar
  34. Scollan, N.D., Choi, N.-J., Kurt, E., Fisher, A.V., Enser, M., and Wood, J.D. (2001) Manipulating the Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Beef Cattle, Brit. J. Nutr. 85, 115–124.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  35. Scollan, N.D., Enser, M., Gulati, S.K., Richardson, I., and Wood, J.D. (2003) Effects of Including a Ruminally Protected Lipid Supplement in the Diet on the Fatty Acid Composition of Beef Muscle, Brit. J. Nutr. 90, 709–716.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  36. Scott, T.W., and Ashes, J.R. (1993) Dietary Lipids for Ruminants: Protection, Utilization and Effects on Remodelling of Skeletal Muscle Phospholipids, Aust. J. Agric. Res. 44, 495–508.
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  37. Scollan, N.D., Dhanoa, M.S., Choi, N.J., Maeng, W.J., Enser, M., and Wood, J.D. (2001) Biohydrogenation and Digestion of Long Chain Fatty Acids in Steers Fed on Different Sources of Lipid, J. Agric. Sci. 136, 345–355.
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  38. Barceló-Coblijn, G., Collison, L.W., Jolly, C.A., and Murphy, E.J. (2005) Dietary a-Linolenic Acid Increases Brain but Not Heart and Liver Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels, Lipids 40, 787–798.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
  39. Ntambi, J.M., and Bene, H. (2001) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Regulation of Gene Expression, J. Mol. Neurosci. 16, 273–273.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  40. Jump, D.B. (2004) Fatty Acid Regulation of Gene Transcription, Crit. Rev. Clin. Sci. 41, 41–78.
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  41. Clarke, S.D., and Jump D.B. (1994) Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Regulation of Gene Transcription, Annu. Rev. Nutr. 14, 83–98.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  42. Li, H., Ruan, X.Z., Powis, S.H., Fernando, R., Mon, W.Y., Wheeler, D.C., Moorhead, J.F., and Varghese, Z. (2005) EPA and DHA Reduce LPS-Induced Inflammation Responses in HK-2 Cells: Evidence for a PPAR-gamma-Dependent Mechanism, Kidney Int. 67, 867–874.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  43. Koh, E.H., Kim, M.S., Park, J.Y., Kim., H.S., Youn, J.Y., Park, H.S., Youn, J.H., and Lee, K.U. (2003) Peroxisome Proliferators-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-alpha Activation Prevents Diabetes in OLETF Rats: Comparison with PPAR-gamma Activation, Diabetes 52, 2331–2337.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  44. Bergeron, R., Yao, J., Woods, J.W., Zycband, E.I., Liu, C., Li, Z., Adams, A., Berger, J.P., Zhang, B.B., Molle, D.E., and Doebber, T.W. (2006) Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-alpha Agonism Prevents Onset of Type-2 Diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats: A Comparison with PPAR-gamma Agonism, Endocrinology 147, 4252–4262.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  45. Benton, C.R., Koonen, D.P., Calles-Escandon, J., Tandon, N.N., Glatz, J.F., Luiken, J.J., Heikkila, J.J., and Bonen, A. (2006) Differential Effects of Contraction and PPAR Agonists on the Expression of Fatty Acid Transporters in Rat Skeletal Muscle, J. Physiol. 573, 199–210.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  46. Luiken, J.J., Koonen, D.P., Coumans, W.A., Pelsers, M.M., Binas, B., Bonen, A., and Glatz, J.F. (2003) Long-Chain Fatty Acid Uptake by Skeletal Muscle Is Impaired in Homozygous, but Not Heterozygous, Heart-Type FABP Null Mice, Lipids 38, 491–496.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar

Download references