Albrecht, J., Helderman, J., Schlesser, M., & Rush, J. (1985). A controlled study of cellular immune function in affective disorders before and during somatic therapy. Psychiatry Research, 15, 185–193. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Altshuler, L.L., Plaeger-Marshall, S., Richeimer, S., Daniels, M., & Baxter, L. R., Jr. (1989). Lymphocyte function in major depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 80, 132–136. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press. Google Scholar
Andreoli, A., Keller, S. E., Rabaeus, M., Zaugg, L., Garrone, G., & Taban, C. (1992). Immunity, major depression, and panic disorder comorbidity. Biological Psychiatry, 31, 896–908. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Andreoli, A V., Keller, S. E., Rabaeus, M., Marin, P., Bartlett, J. A., & Taban, C. (1993). Depression and immunity: age, severity, and clinical course. Brain, Behavior & immunity, 7, 279–292. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bartoloni, C., Guidi, L., Antico, L., Pili, R., Cursi, F., Carbonin, P., Gambassi, G., Rumi, G, Di Giovanni, A., Menichella, G., & et al. (1990). Psychological status of institutionalized aged: influences on immune parameters and endocrinological correlates. International Journal of Neuroscience, 51, 279–281. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Benca, R. M., Obermeyer, W. H., Thisted, R. A., & Gillin, J. C. (1992). Sleep and psychiatric disorders: a meta analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 651–668. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Birmaher, B., Rabin, B. S., Garcia, M. R., Jain, U., Whiteside, T. L., Williamson, D. E., al-Shabbout, M., Nelson, B. C., Dahl, R. E., & Ryan, N. D. (1994). Cellular immunity in depressed, conduct disorder, and normal adolescents: role of adverse life events. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 671–678. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Born, J., Lange, T., Hansen, K., Molle, M., & Fehm, H. L. (1997). Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells. Journal of Immunology, 158, 4454–4464. CAS Google Scholar
Breslau, N., Peterson, E. L., Schultz, L. R., Chilcoat, H. D., & Andreski, P. (1998). Major depression and stages of smoking. A longitudinal investigation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 161–166. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. (1978). Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorders in Women. New York: The Free Press. Google Scholar
Brown, G. W., Harris, T. O., & Hepworth, C. (1994). Life events and endogenous depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 525–534. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cadoret, R. J. (1981). Depression and alcoholism. In R. E. Meyer, B. C. Glueck, & J. E. OBrien (Eds.), Evaluation of the alcoholic. Rockville, Md: Nat Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Google Scholar
Calabrese, J. R., Skwerer, R. G., Barna, B., Gulledge, A. D., Valenzuela, R., Butkus, A., Subichin, S., & Krupp, N. E. (1986). Depression, immunocompetence, and prostaglandins of the E series. Psychiatry Research, 17, 41–47. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Caldwell, C. L., Irwin, M., & Lohr, J. (1991). Reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity in depression but not in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 30, 1131–1138. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Chiappelli, F. & Gottesfeld, Z. (1995). Introduction to the symposium on alcohol and T-cell immunity [comment]. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 19, 535–538. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Cleary, P. & Guy, W. (1977). Factor analysis of the Hamilton Depression Scale. Drugs Experimental Clinical Research, 1, 115–120. Google Scholar
Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D. A., & Smith, A. P. (1991). Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold. New England Journal of Medicine, 325(9), 606–656. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Skoner, D. P., Rabin, B. S., & Gwaltney, J. M. (1997). Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 1940–1944. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cosyns, P., Maes, M., Vandewoude, M., Stevens, W. J., DeClerck, L. S., & Schotte, C. (1989). Impaired mitogen-induced lymphocyte responses and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 16, 41–48. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cover, H. & Irwin, M. (1994). Immunity and depression: Insomnia, retardation, and reduction of natural killer cell activity. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17, 217–223. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Darko, D. F., Gillin, J. C., Risch, S. C., Bulloch, K., Golshan, S., Tasevska, Z., & Hamburger, R. N. (1989). Mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and pituitary hormones in major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 26, 145–155. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Dietrich, J. B., Chasserot-Golaz, S., Beck, G., & Bauer, G. (1986). Antagonism of glucocorticoid induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigens by different steriods in Daudi lymphoma cells. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 24, 417–421. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Dinges, D. F., Douglas, S. D., Zaugg, L., Campbell, D. E., McMann, J. M., Whitehouse, W. G., Orne, E. C., Kapoor, S. C., Icaza, E., & Orne, M. T. (1994). Leukocytosis and natural killer cell function parallel neurobehavioral fatigue induced by 64 hours of sleep deprivation. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 93, 1930–1939. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Evans, D. L., Folds, J. D., Petitto, J. M., Golden, R. N., Pedersen, C. A., Corrigan, M., Gilmore, J. H., Silva, S. G., Quade, D., & Ozer, H. (1992). Circulating natural killer cell phenotypes in men and women with major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 388–395. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ferson, I., Edwards, A., Lind, A., Milton, G. W., & Hersey, P. (1979). Low natural killer-cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects. British Journal of Cancer, 23, 603–609. CAS Google Scholar
Glaser, R., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Bonneau, R. H., Malarkey, W., Kennedy, S., & Hughes, J. (1992). Stress-induced modulation of the immune response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Psychosomatic Medicine, 54, 22–29. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hall, M., Baum, A., Buysse, D. J., Prigerson, H. G., Kupfer, D. J., & Reynolds, C. F. (1998). Sleep as a mediator of the stress-immune relationship. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 48–51. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hayward, A. R. & Herberger, M. (1987). Lymphocyte responses to varicella zoster virus in the elderly. Journal of Clinical Immunology, 7, 174–178. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Herbert, T. B. & Cohen, S. (1993a). Depression and immunity—A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 472–486. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Herbert, T. B. & Cohen, S. (1993b). Stress and immunity in humans: a meta-analytic review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, 364–379. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hickie, I., Hickie, C., Lloyd, A., Silove, D., & Wakefield, D. (1993). Impaired in vivo immune responses in patients with melancholia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 651–657. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Irwin, M. & Gillin, J. C. (1998). The neuroimmunology of normal and disturbed sleep. European Sleep Research Society, 1998, (abstract). Google Scholar
Irwin, M., Smith, T. L., & Gillin, J. C. (1987). Low natural killer cytotoxicity in major depression. Life Sciences, 41, 2127–2133. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Irwin, M., Caldwell, C., Smith, T. L., Brown, S., Schuckit, M. A., & Gillin, J. C. (1990a). Major depressive disorder, alcoholism, and reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity: Role of severity of depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 713–719. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Irwin, M. R., Patterson, T. L., Smith, T. L., Caldwell, C., Brown, S. A., Gillin, J. C., & Grant, I. (1990b). Reduction of immune function in life stress and depression. Biological Psychiatry, 27, 22–30. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Irwin, M., Lacher, U., & Caldwell, C. (1992a). Depression and reduced natural killer cytotoxicity: a longitudinal study of depressed patients and control subjects. Psychological Medicine, 22, 1045–1050. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Irwin, M., Smith, T. L., & Gillin, J. C. (1992b). Electroencephalographic sleep and natural killer activity in depressed patients and control subjects. Psychosomatic Medicine, 54, 107–126. Article Google Scholar
Irwin, M., Mascovich, A., Gillin, J. C., Willoughby, R., Pike, J., & Smith, T. L. (1994). Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans. Psychosomatic Medicine, 56, 493–498. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Irwin, M., McClintick, J., Costlow, C., Fortner, M., White, J., & Gillin, J. C. (1996). Partial night sleep deprivation reduces natural killer and cellular immune responses in humans. The FASEB Journal, 10, 643–653. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Irwin, M., Costlow, C., Williams, H., Artin, K. H., Levin, M. J., Hayward, A. R., & Oxman, M. N. (1998). Cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus in depression. Journal of Infectious Disease, in press. Google Scholar
Jung, W. & Irwin, M. (1998). Reduction of natural killer cytotoxic activity in major depression. Submitted. Google Scholar
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. & Glaser, R. (1995). Psychoneuroimmunology and health consequences: data and shared mechanisms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 269–274. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Glaser, R., Gravenstein, S., & Malarkey, W. B. (1996). Chronic stress alters the immune response to influenza virus vaccine in older adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93, 3043–3047. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kronfol, Z. & House, J. D. (1985). Depression, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical activity, and lymphocyte function. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 476–478. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Kronfol, Z. & House, J. D. (1989). Lymphocyte mitogenesis, immunoglobulin, and complement levels in depressed patients and normal controls. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 80, 142–147. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kronfol, Z., House, J. D., Silva, J., Greden, J., & Carroll, B. J. (1986). Depression, urinary free cortisol excretion, and lymphocyte function. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 70–73. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kronfol, Z., Silva, J., Greden, J., Dembinski, S., Gardner, R., & Carroll, B. (1983). Impaired lymphocyte function in depressive illness. Life Sciences, 33, 241–247. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kronfol, Z., Turner, R., Nasrallah, H., & Winokur, G. (1984). Leukocyte regulation in depression and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 13, 13–18. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kronfol, Z., Nair, M., Goodson, J., Goel, K., Haskett, R., & Schwartz, S. (1989). Natural killer cell activity in depressive illness: a preliminary report. Biological Psychiatry, 26, 753–756. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kronfol, Z., Nair, M., Zhang, Q., Hill, E. E., & Brown, M. B. (1997). Circadian immune measures in healthy volunteers: relationship to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones and sympathetic neurotransmitters. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59, 42–50. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Linkins, R. W. & Comstock, G. W. (1990). Depressed mood and development of cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology, 132(5), 962–972. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lowy, M. T., Reder, A. T., Gormley, G. J., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1988). Comparison of in vivo and in vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity in depression: relationship to the dexamethasone suppression test. Biological Psychiatry, 24, 619–630. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Maes, M., Bosnians, E., Suy, E., Minner, B., & Raus, J. (1989). Impaired lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens in severely depressed patients. A complex interface with HPA-axis hyperfunction, noradrenergic activity, and the ageing process. British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 793–798. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Maes, M., Lambrechts, J., Bosmans, E., Jacobs, J., Suy, E., Vandervorst, C., deJonckheere, C., Minner, B., & Raus. J. (1992a). Evidence for a systemic immune activation during depression: results of leukocyte enumeration by flow cytometry in conjunction with monoclonal antibody staining. Psychological Medicine, 22, 45–53. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Maes, M., Scharpe, S., Van Grootel, L., Uyttenbroeck, W., Cooreman, W., Cosyns, P., & Suy, E. (1992b). Higher alpha 1-antritrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and lower retinol binding protein plasma levels during depression: further evidence for the existence of an inflammatory respose during that illness. Journal of Affective Disorders, 24, 183–192. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Maes, M., Stevens, W., Peeters, D., DeClerk, L., Scharpe, S., Bridts, C., Schotte, C., & Cosyns, P. (1992c). A study of the blunted natural killer cell activity in severely depressed patients. Life Science, 50, 505–513. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Maes, M., Smith, R., & Scharpe, S. (1995). The monocyte-T-lymphocyte hypothesis of major depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20, 111–116. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Maier, S. F., Watkins, L. R., & Fleshner, M. (1994). Psychoneuroimmunology: the interface between behavior, brain, and immunity. American Journal of Psychology, 49, 1004–1017. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
McAdams, C. & Leonard, B. E. (1993). Neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis in depressed patients. Progess in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 17, 971–984. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Meliska, C. J., Stunkard, M. E., Gilbert, D. G., Jensen, R. A., & Martinko, J. M. (1995). Immune function in cigarette smokers who quit smoking for 31 days. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 95, 901–910. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Mendall, M. A., Patel, P., Asante, M., Ballam, L., Morris, J., Strachan, D. P., Camm, A. J., & Northfield, T. C. (1997). Relation of serum cytokine concentrations to cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease. Heart, 78, 273–277. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Miller, A. H., Asnis, G. M., Lackner, C., Halbreich, U., & Norin, A. J. (1991). Depression, natural killer cell activity, and cortisol secretion. Biological Psychiatry, 29, 878–886. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mohl, P. C., Huang, L., Bowden, C., Fischbach, M., Vogtsberer, K., & Talal, N. (1987). Natural killer cell activity in major depression (letter). American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1619 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Moldofsky, H., Lue, F. A., Davidson, J. R., & Gorczynski, R. (1989). Effects of sleep deprivation on human immune function. The FASEB Journal, 3, 1972–1977. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Murphy, J. M., Oliver, D. C., Sobol, A. M., Monson, R. R., & Leighton, A. H. (1986). Diagnosis and outcome: depression and anxiety in a general population. Psychological Medicine, 16, 117–26. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Nerozzi, D., Santoni, A., Bersani, G., Magnani, A., Bressan, A., Pasini, A., Antonozzi, I., & Frajese, G. (1989). Reduced natural killer cell activity in major depression: neuroendocrine implications. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 14, 295–302. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Oxman, M. N. & Alani, R. (1993). Varicella and Herpes Zoster. In T. B. Fitzpatrick & et al. (Eds.), Dermatology in General Medicine. (pp. 2543–2572). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. Google Scholar
Palmblad, J., Petrini, B., Wasserman, J., & Akerstedt, T. (1979). Lymphocyte and granulocyte reactions during sleep deprivation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41(4), 273–278. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Parker, G., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Boyce, P., Wilhelm, K., Brodaty, H., Mitchell, P., Hickie, I., & Eyers, K. (1990). Classifying depression by mental state signs. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 55–65. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Petitto, J. M., Folds, J. D., Ozer, H., Quade, D., & Evans, D. L. (1992). Abnormal diurnal variation in circulating natural killer cell phenotypes and cytotoxic activity in major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 694–696. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Petitto, J. M., Folds, J. D., & Evans, D. L. (1993). Abnormal diurnal variation of B lymphocyte circulation patterns in Major Depression. Biological Psychiatry, 34, 268–267. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Petrovsky, N. & Harrison, L. C. (1997). Diurnal rhythmicity of human cytokine production. Journal of Immunology, 158, 5163–5168. CAS Google Scholar
Rapaport, M. H. & Irwin, M. (1996). Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptors and natural killer cell function in major depression. Communications in Biological Psychiatry, 21, 73–78. Google Scholar
Schleifer, S. J., Keller, S. E., Meyerson, A. T., Raskin, M. J., Davis, K. L., & Stein, M. (1984). Lymphocyte function in major depressive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 484–486. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Schleifer, S. J., Keller, S. E., Siris, S. G., Davis, K. L., & Stein, M. (1985). Depression and immunity: lymphocyte function in ambulatory depressed patients, hospitalized schizophrenic patients, and patients hospitalized for herniorrhaphy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 129–133. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Schleifer, S. J., Keller, S. E., Bond, R. N., Cohen, J., & Stein, M. (1989). Major depressive disorder and immunity: role of age, sex, severity, and hospitalization. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 81–87. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Schuckit, M. A. (1986). Genetic and clinical implications of alcoholism and affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 140–147. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sengar, D. P., Waters, B. G., Dunne, J. V., & Bover, I. M. (1982). Lymphocyte subpopulations and mitogenic responses of lymphocytes in manic-depressive disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 17, 1017–1022. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Shain, B. N., Kronfol, Z., Naylor, M., Goel, K., Evans, T., & Schaefer, S. (1991). Natural killer cell activity in adolescents with major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 29, 481–484. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sheridan, J. F., Dobbs, C., Brown, D., & Zwilling, B. (1994). Psychoneuroimmunology: stress effects on pathogenesis and immunity during infection. Clinical Microbiological Reviews 7, 200–212. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Steiger, A. & Holsboer, F. (1997). Nocturnal secretion of prolactin and cortisol and the sleep EEG in patients with major endogenous depression during an acuted episode and after full remission. Psychiatry Research, 72, 81–88. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Stein, M. B. & Uhde, T. W. (1988). Panic disorder and major Depression. A tale of two syndromes. Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 11, 441–61. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Stein, M., Miller, A. H., & Trestman, R. L. (1991). Depression, the immune system, and health and illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 171–177. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Syvalahti, E., Eskola, J., Ruuskanen, O., & Laine, T. (1985). Nonsuppression of cortisol and immune function in depression. Proceedings in Neuropsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 9(4), 413–422. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Uthgenannt, D., Schoolmann, D., Pietrowsky, R., Fehm, H. L., & Born, J. (1995). Effects of sleep on the production of cytokines in humans. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 97–104. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Weisse, C. S. (1992). Depression and immunocompetence: A review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 111(3), 475–489. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zorilla, E. P., Luborsky, L., McKay, J. R., Rosenthal, R., Houldin, A., Tax, A., McCorkle, R., Seligman, D. A., & Schmidt, K. (1998). The relationship of depression and Stressors to immunological assays: a meta-analytic review. Brain, Behavior and Immunity, (in press). Google Scholar