The cephalopod nervous system: What evolution has made of the molluscan design (original) (raw)

• Abbott, N.J., Lane, N. and Bundgaard M. (1986) The blood-brain interface in invertebrates. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 481: 20–41.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Aldred, R.G., Nixon, M. and Young, J.Z. (1983) Cirrothauma murrayi Chun, a finned octopod. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 301: 1–54.
  Article Google Scholar
• Alexandrowicz, J.S. (1960) Innervation of the hearts of Sepia officincalis. Acta Zool. 41: 65–100.
  Article Google Scholar
• Aronson, R.B. (1991) Ecology, paleobiology and evolutionary constraint in the octopus. Bull. Marine Sci. 49: 245–255.
  Google Scholar
• Auerbach, B. and Budelmann, B.U. (1986) Evidence for acetylcholine as neurotransmitter in the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris. Cell Tissue Res. 243: 429–436.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Bleckmann, H. Budelmann, B.U. and Bullock, T.H. (1991) Peripheral and central nervous responses evoked by small water movements in a cephalopod. J. Comp. Physiol. A 168: 247–257.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Boycott, B.B. (1961) The functional organization of the brain of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 153: 503–534.
  Article Google Scholar
• Boyle, P.R. (1986) Neural control of cephalopod behavior. In: A.O.D. Willows (ed.): The Mollusca, Vol. 9, Neurobiology and Behavior, Part 2, Academic Press, Orlando, pp. 1–99.
  Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. (1976) Equilibrium receptor systems in molluscs. In: P.J. MIll (ed.): Structure and Function of Proprioceptors in the Invertebrates, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 529–566.
  Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. (1990) The statocysts of squid. In: D. Gilbert, H. Adelman and J. Arnold (eds): Squid as Experimental Animals. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 421–439.
  Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. (1994) Cephalopod sense organs, nerves and the brain: adaptations for high performance and life style. Mar. Behav. Physiol. 25: 13–33.
  Article Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. and Bleckmann, H. (1988) A lateral line analogue in cephalopods: water waves generate microphonic potentials in the epidermal head lines of Sepia and Lolliguncula. J. Comp. Physiol. A 164: 1–5.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. and Bonn, U. (1982) Histochemical evidence for catecholamines as neurotransmitters in the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris. Cell Tissue Res. 227: 475–483.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. and Thies, G. (1977) Secondary sensory cells in the gravity receptor system of the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris. Cell Tissue Res. 182: 93–98.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. and Young, J.Z. (1984) The statocyst-oculomotor system of Octopus vulgaris: eye muscles, eye muscle nerves, statocyst nerves, and the oculomotor centre in the central nervous system. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 306: 159–189.
  Article Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. and Young, J.Z. (1985) Central pathways of the nerves of the arms and mantle of Octopus. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 310: 109–122.
  Article Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. and Young, J.Z. (1987) Brain pathways of the brachial nerves of Sepia and Loligo. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 315: 345–352.
  Article Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. and Young, J.Z. (1993) The oculomotor system of decapod cephalopods: eye muscles, eye muscle nerves, and the oculomotor neurons in the central nervous system. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 340: 93–125.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Budelmann, B.U. Sachse, M. and Staudigl, M. (1987) The angular acceleration receptor system of Octopus vulgaris: morphometry, ultrastructure, and neuronal and synaptic organization. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 315: 305–343.
  Article Google Scholar
• Bullock, T.H. (1984). Ongoing compound field potentials from octopus brain are labile and vertebrate-like. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 57: 473–483.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bullock, T.H. (1986) “Simple” model systems need comparative studies: differences are as important as commonalities. Trends Neurosci. 9: 470–472.
  Article Google Scholar
• Bullock, T.H. (1993) How are more complex brains different? Brain Behav. Evol. 41: 88–96.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bullock, T.H. and Basar E. (1988) Comparison of ongoing compound field potentials in the brains of invertebrates and vertebrates. Brain Res. Rev. 134: 57–75.
  Article Google Scholar
• Bullock, T.H. and Budelmann, B.U. (1991) Sensory evoked potentials in unanesthetized unrestrained cuttlefish: a new preparation for brain physiology in cephalopods. J. Comp. Physiol. A 168: 141–150.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bullock, T.H. and Horridge, G.A. (1965) Structure and Function of the Nervous Systems of Invertebrates. Freeman, San Francisco and London.
  Google Scholar
• Bundgaard, M. and Abbott, N.J. (1992) Fine structure of the blood-brain interface in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). J. Neurocytol. 21: 260–275.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Colmers, W.F. (1981) Afferent synaptic connections between hair cells and the somata of intramacular neurons in the gravity receptor system of the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris. J. Comp. Neurol. 197: 385–394.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cornwell, C.J., Messenger, J.B. and Williamson, R. (1993) Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the octopus brain. Brain Res. 621: 353–357.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Dilly, P.N., Nixon, M. and Young, J.Z. (1977) Mastigoteuthis — the whip-lash squid. J. Zool. Lond. 181: 527–559.
  Article Google Scholar
• Dubas, F., Leonard, R.B. and Hanlon, R.T. (1986a) Chromatophore motoneurones in the brain of the squid, Lolliguncula brevis: an HRP study. Brain Res. 374: 21–29.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Dubas, F., Hanlon, R.T., Ferguson, G. and Pinsker, H. (1986b) Localization and stimulation of chromatophore motoneurones in the brain of the squid, Lolliguncula brevis. J. Exp. Biol. 121: 1–25.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Fiorito, G. and Scotto, P. (1992) Observational learning in Octopus vulgaris. Science 256: 545–547.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Florey, E. (1969) Ultrastructure and function of cephalopod chromatophores. Am. Zool. 9: 429–442.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Gilly, W.F. Hopkins, B. and Mackie, G.O. (1991) Development of giant motor axons and neural control of excape responses in squid embryos and hatchlings. Biol. Bull. 180: 209–220.
  Article Google Scholar
• Gillette, R. (1991) The mollucan nervous system. In: C.L. Prosser (ed.): Neural and Integrative Animal Physiology, Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 574–611.
  Google Scholar
• Gleadall, I.G. (1990) Higher motor function in the brain of Octopus: the anterior basal lobe and its analogies with the vertebrate basal ganglia. Ann. Appl. Inf. Sci. 16: 1–30.
  Google Scholar
• Gleadall, I.G. Ohtsu, K., Gleadall, E. and Tsukahara, Y. (1993) Screening-pigment migration in the Octopus retina includes control by dopaminergic efferents. J. Exp. Biol. 185: 1–16.
  CAS Google Scholar
• Griffin, L.E. (1900) The anatomy of Nautilus pompilius. Mem. Acad. Sci. Wash. 8: 103–230.
  Google Scholar
• Hanlon, R.T. (1990) Maintenance, rearing, and culture of teuthoid and sepioid squids. In: D.L. Gilbert, W.J. Adelman and J.M. Arnold (eds): Squid as Experimental Animals, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 35–62.
  Google Scholar
• Hanlon, R.T. and Messenger, J.B. (1988) Adaptive coloration in young cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis L.): The morphology and development of body patterns and their relation to behaviour. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 320: 437–487.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kier, W.M. (1988) The arrangement and function of molluscan muscle. In: E.R. Trueman and M.R. Clarke (eds): The Mollusca, Vol. 11, Form and Function, Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 211–252.
  Google Scholar
• Kier, W.M. and A.M. Smith (1990) The morphology and mechanics of Octopus sucker. _Biol. Bull._178: 126–136.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kime, D.E. and Messenger, J.B. (1990) Monoamines in the cephalopod CNS: an HPLC analysis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 96C: 49–57.
  CAS Google Scholar
• Maddock, L. and Young, J.Z. (1987) Quantitative differences among the brains of cephalopods. J. Zool. Lond. 212: 739–767.
  Article Google Scholar
• Mangold, K. (1989) Le système nerveux. In: P.P. Grassé (ed.): Traité de Zoologie, Vol. 5(4), Céphalopodes, Masson, Paris, pp. 163–240.
  Google Scholar
• Marquis, F. (1989) Die Embryonalentwicklung des Nervensystems von Octopus vulgaris Lam. (Cephalopoda, Octopoda), eine histologische Analyse. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel 99: 23–76.
  Google Scholar
• Martin, R. (1977) The giant nerve fibre system of cephalopods. Recent structural findings. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 38: 261–275.
  Google Scholar
• Martin, R. and Miledi, R. (1986) The form and dimensions of the giant synapse of squids. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 312: 355–377.
  Article Google Scholar
• Martin, R. and Voigt, K.H. (1987) The neurosecretory system of the octopus vena cava: A neurohemal organ. Experientia 43: 537–543.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Messenger, J.B. (1967) The peduncle lobe: a visuo-motor centre in Octopus. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 167: 225–251.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Messenger, J.B (1979) The nervous system of Loligo. IV. The peduncle and olfactory lobes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 285: 275–309.
  Article Google Scholar
• Messenger, J.B. (1991) Photoreception and vision in molluscs. In: J.R. Cronly-Dillon and R.L. Gregory (eds): Evolution of the Eye and the Visual System, McMillan, London, pp. 364–397.
  Google Scholar
• Moynihan, M. and Rodaniche, A.F. (1982) The Behavior and Natural History of the Caribbean Reef Squid Sepioteuthis sepioidea. Advances in Ethology 25. Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg.
  Google Scholar
• Naef, A. (1928) Die Cephalopoden (Embryologie). Fauna e Flora del Golfo di Napoli. Monografia 35(I, 2): 1–363. Bardi, Roma and Friedländer, Berlin.
  Google Scholar
• Novicki, A., Messenger, J.B., Budelmann, B.U., Terrell, M.L. and Kadekaro M. (1992) [14C]deoxyglucose labelling of functional activity in the cephalopod central nervous system. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 249: 77–82.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Otis, T.S. and Gilly, W.F. (1990) Jet-propelled escape in the squid, Loligo opalescens: Concerted control by giant and non-giant motor axon pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 2911–2915.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Packard, A. (1972) Cephalopods and fish: the limits of convergence. Biol. Rev. 47: 241–307.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Pfefferkorn, A. (1915) Das Nervensystem der Octopoden. Z. Wiss. Zool. 114: 425–531.
  Google Scholar
• Plan, T. (1987) Functional Neuroanatomy of Sensory-Motor Lobes of the Brain of Octopus vulgaris. Dissertation, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
  Google Scholar
• Preuss, T. and Budelmann, B.U. (1991) A new sense organ in cephalopods: sensory hair cells on the neck of the squid Lollinguncula brevis. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 17: 1403.
  Google Scholar
• Preuss, T. and Budelmann, B.U. (1995) Proprioceptive hair cells on the neck of the squid Lolliguncula brevis: a sense organ in cephalopods for the control of head-to-trunk position. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (submitted).
  Google Scholar
• Rowell, C.H.F. (1963) Excitatory and inhibitory pathways in the arm of Octopus. J. Exp. Biol. 40: 257–270.
  Google Scholar
• Rowell, C.H.F. (1966) Activity of interneurons in the arm of Octopus vulgaris in response to tactile stimulation. J. Exp. Biol. 44: 589–605.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Quast, M.J., Neumeister, H. and Budelmann, B.U. (1992) Tracking cobalt-labelled nerve pathways through an invertebrate brain (Sepia officinalis, Cephalopoda) by three-dimensional MR microscopy. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. Abstr. Berlin.
  Google Scholar
• Schäfer, W. (1954) Form und Funktion der Brachyurenschere. Abhandl. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. 489: 1–66.
  Google Scholar
• Smith, P.J.S. and Boyle, P.R. (1983) The cardiac innervation of Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck). (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 300: 493–511.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tansey, E.M. (1979) Neurotransmitters in the cephalopod brain. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 64C: 173–182.
  CAS Google Scholar
• Tansey, E.M. (1980) Aminergic fluorescence in the cephalopod brain. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 5 291: 127–145.
  Google Scholar
• Tasaki, K., Tsukahara, Y., Suzuki, H. and Nakaye, T. (1982) Two types of inhibition in the cephalopod retina. In: A. Kaneko, N. Tsukahara and K. Uchizono (eds): Neurotransmitters in the Retina and the Visual Centers, Biomedical Research Suppl., Tokyo, pp. 41–44.
  Google Scholar
• Thore, S. (1939) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der vergleichenden Anatomie des zentralen Nervensystems der dibranchiaten Cephalopoden. Pubbl. Staz. Zool. Napoli 17: 313–506.
  Google Scholar
• Tompsett, D.H. (1939) Sepia. L.M.B.C. Mem. typ. Br. mar. Pl. Anim. 32: 1–184.
  Google Scholar
• Tu, Y. and Budelmann, B.U. (1994) The effect of L-glutamate on the afferent resting activity in the cephalopod statocyst. Brain Res. 642: 47–58.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Wells, M.J. (1978) Octopus. Physiology and Behaviour of an Advanced Invertebrate. Chapman and Hall, London.
  Google Scholar
• Williamson, R. (1989) Electrophysiological evidence for cholinergic and catecholaminergic efferent transmitters in the statocyst of Octopus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 93C: 23–27.
  Google Scholar
• Williamson, R. and Budelmann, B.U. (1991) Convergent inputs to octopus oculomotor neurones deomonstrated in a brain slice preparation. Neurosci. Lett. 121: 215–218.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1939) Fused neurons and synaptic contacts in the giant nerve fibres of cephalopods. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 229: 465–505.
  Article Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1962) The optic lobes of Octopus vulgaris. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 245: 19–58.
  Article Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1963) The number and sizes of nerve cells in Octopus. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 140: 229–254.
  Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1965a) The central nervous system of Nautilus. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 249: 1–25.
  Article Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1965b) The buccal nervous system of Octopus. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 249: 27–43.
  Article Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1967a) The visceral nerves of Octopus. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 253: 1–22.
  Article Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1967b) Some comparisons between the nervous systems of cephalopods and mammals. In: C.A.G. Wiersma (ed.): Invertebrate Nervous Systems. Their Significance for Mammalian Neurophysiology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, pp. 353–362.
  Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1971) The Anatomy of the Nervous System of Octopus vulgaris. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1972) The organization of a cephalopod ganglion. Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 263: 409–429.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1974) The central nervous system of Loligo. I. The optic lobe. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 267: 263–302.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1976a) The “cerebellum” and the control of eye movements in cephalopods. Nature 264: 572–574.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1976b) The nervous system of Loligo. II. Suboesophageal centres. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 5 274: 101–167.
  Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1977a) Brain, behaviour and evolution of cephalopods. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 38: 377–434.
  Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1977b) The nervous system of Loligo. III. Higher motor centres: The basal supraoesophageal lobes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 276: 351–398.
  Article Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1979) The nervous system of Loligo. V. The vertical lobe complex. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 5 285: 311–354.
  Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1988) Evolution of the cephalopod brain. In: M.R. Clarke and E.R. Trueman (eds): The Mollusca, Vol. 12, Paleontology and Neontology, Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 215–228.
  Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1991a) Computation in the learning system of cephalopods. Biol. Bull. 180: 200–208.
  Article Google Scholar
• Young, J.Z. (1991b) Light has many meanings for cephalopods. Visual Neurosci. 7: 1–12.
  Article CAS Google Scholar