The Incorporation of 5-Fluorouracil Into RNA and its Molecular Consequences (original) (raw)

• Andon, T., and E. Chargaff: Formation and fate of abnormal ribosomes of E. coli cells treated with 5-fluorouracil. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 54, 1181–1189 (1965).
  Google Scholar
• Aposhian, H. V., and A. Kornberg: Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. IX. The polymerase formed after T2 bacteriophage infection of Escherichia coli: A new enzyme. J. biol. Chem. 237, 519–525 (1962).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Aronson, A. I.: The inhibition of bacteriophage protein synthesis by 5-fluorouracil. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 49, 89–97 (1961).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Aronson, A. I.: The effect of 5-fluorouracil on bacterial protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 49, 98–107 (1961).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Aronson, A. I., and M. R. Del Valle: Rna and protein synthesis required for bacterial spore formation. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 87, 267–276 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Barnett, W. E., and H. E. Brockman: Induced phenotypic reversion by 8-azaguanine and 5-fluorouracil. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 7, 199–203 (1962).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Beéarevié, A., B. Djordjevie, and D. Surfé: Effect of ultra-violet light on tobacco mosaic virus containing 5-fluorouracil. Nature (Lond.) 198, 612–613 (1963).
  Google Scholar
• Ben-Hamida, F., and D. Schlessinger: Stability of ß-galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid in Escherichia coli. J. Bact. 90, 1611–1616 (1965).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Ben-Ishai, R., B. Z. Cavari, H. Goldin, and S. Kerpel: On the mechanism of 5-fluoro-uracil-induced resistance to ultraviolet irradiation in Escherichia coli. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 95, 291–301 (1965).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Bodmer, W. F., and S. Grether: Uptake and incorporation of thymine, thymidine, uracil, uridine, and 5-fluorouracil into the nucleic acids of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bact. 89, 1011–1014 (1965).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bonner, J., and J. A. D. Zeevaart: Ribonucleic acid synthesis in the bud, an essential component of floral induction in Xanthium. Plant Physiol. 37, 43–49 (1962).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• BoscH, L., E. Harmers, and C. Heidelberger: Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. V. Effects on nucleic acid metabolism in vitro. Cancer Res. 18, 335–343 (1958).
  Google Scholar
• Brockman, R. W., and E. P. Anderson: Pyrimidine analogues. In: Metabolic inhibitors, I. pp. 239–285.
  Google Scholar
• Hochsrer, R. M., and J. H. Quastel, Eds. New York: Academic Press 1963.
  Google Scholar
• Hochsrer, R. M., J. M. Davis, and P. Srurrs: Metabolism of uracil and 5-fluorouracil by drug-sensitive and by drug-resistant bacteria. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 40, 22–32 (1960).
  Google Scholar
• Bujard, H., and C. Heidelberger: Fluorinated pyrimidines. XXVII. Attempts to determine transcription errors during the formation of fluorouracil-containing messenger ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 5, 3339–3345 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bull, M. J., and J. Lascelles: The association of protein synthesis with the formation of pigments in some photosynthetic bacteria. Biochem. J. 87, 15–28 (1963).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bussard, A., S. Naono, F. Groset J. Monod: Effets d’un analogue de l’uracile sur les propriétés d’une protéine enzymatique synthétisée en sa présence. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 250, 4049–4051 (1960).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Erna, J., J. Rychl1k, D. Grünberger, and F. Dorm: The effect of 5-fluorouracil-containing ribonucleic acid on protein synthesis by Escherichia coli in vivo. Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun. 28, 1215–1223 (1963).
  Google Scholar
• Champs, S. P. and S. Benzer: Reversal of mutant phenotypes by 5-fluorouracil: An approach to nucleotide sequences in messenger-RNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 48, 532–546 (1962).
  Google Scholar
• Chaudhuri, N. K., B. J. Montag, and C. Heidelberger: Studies On fluorinated pyrimidines. III. The metabolism of 5-fluorouracil-2-C14 and 5-fluoroorotic-2-C14 acid in vivo. Cancer Res. 18, 318–328 (1958).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cherry, J. H., and R. Van Huystee: Effects of 5-fluorouracil on photoperiodic induction and nucleic acid metabolism of Xanthium. Plant Physiol. 40, 987–993 (1965).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cohen, S. S., J. G. Flaks, H. D. Barner, M. R Loeb, and J. Lichtenstein: The mode of action of 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 44, 1004–1012 (1958).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Cooper, P. D.: The mutation of poliovirus by 5-fluorouracil. Virology 22, 186–192 (1964).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cooper, S., and N. D. Zinder: The growth of an RNA bacteriophage: The role of DNA synthesis. Virology 18, 405–411 (1962).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Dagg, C. P., A. Doerr, and C. Offurr: Incorporation of 5-fluorouracil-2-C14 by mouse embryos. Biol. Neonat. (Basel) 10, 32–46 (1966).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Davern, C. I.: The inhibition and mutagenesis of an RNA bacteriophage by 5-fluorouracil. Austral. J. biol. Sci 17, 726–737 (1964)
  CAS Google Scholar
• Davern, C. I., and J. Bonner: The influence of 5-fluorouracil on tobacco-mosaic virus production in tobacco-leaf discs. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 29, 205–206 (1958).
  CAS Google Scholar
• De Kloft, S. R.: Effects of 5-fluorouracil and 6-azauracil on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Biochem. J. 106, 167–178 (1968).
  Google Scholar
• De Kloft, S. R., and P. J. Strijkert: Selective inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis by 5-fluorouracil. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 23, 49–55 (1966).
  Google Scholar
• Del Valle, M. R., and A. I. Aronson: Evidence for the synthesis of stable informational RNA required for bacterial spore formation. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 9, 421–425 (1962).
  Google Scholar
• Duschinsky, R., E. Pleven, and C. Heidelberger: The synthesis of 5-fluoropyrimidines. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 79, 4559–4560 (1957).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Ebel, J. P., J. H. Weil, B. Retheret J. Heinrich: Nature des sites responsables de l’acti-vité acceptrice du s-RNA. Bull. Soc. Chim. biol. (Paris) 47, 1599–1608 (1965).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Elion, G. B., and G. H. Hitchings: Metabolic basis for the actions of analogs of purines and pyrimidines. In: Advanc. Chemotherapy 2, 91–177 (1965).
  Google Scholar
• Fikus, M., K. L. Wierzchowski, and D. Shugar: Reversible photochemical transformation of 5-fluorouracil analogues and poly-5-fluorouridylic acid. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 16, 478–483 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Gaetani, S., and M. A. Spadoni: Effect of 5-fluorouracil on hepatic induced increase of tryptophan-pyrrolase. Nature (Lond.) 191, 1296–1297 (1961).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Galun, E., and J. Gressel: Morphogenesis in trichoderma: Suppression of photoinduction by 5-fluorouracil. Science 151, 696–698 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Garen, A., and O. Stnniqi: Suppression of mutations in the alkaline phosphatase structural cistron of E. coli. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 48, 1121–1127 (1962).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Garren, L. D., R. R. Howell, G. M. Tomkins, and R. M. Crocco: A paradoxical effect of actinomycin D: The mechanism of regulation of enzyme synthesis by hydrocortisone. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 52, 1121–1129 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Goldberg, A. R., J. H. Machledt, JR., and A. B. Pardee: On the action of fluorouracil on leukemia cells. Cancer Res. 26, 1611–1615 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Goodman, F.: Nucleic acid metabolism and bacteriophage multiplication: Effects of 5-fluorouracil on coliphage synthesis. Virology 21, 249–257 (1963).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Goodman, F.: Partial satisfaction of a uracil requirement by 5-fluorouracil. J. Bact. 89, 1156–1157 (1965).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Gordon, M. P., and M. Staehelin: The incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into the nucleic acid of tobacco mosaic virus. J.A mer. chem. Soc. 80, 2340–2341 (1958).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Gordon, M. P., and M. Staehelin: Studies on the incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into a virus nucleic acid. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 36, 351–361 (1959).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Graham, A. F., and C. Kirk: Effect of 5-fluorouracil on the growth of bacteriophage R17. J. Bact. 90, 928–935 (1965).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Gray, P. N., and M. Rachmeler: The effects of 5-fluorouracil and 6-thioguanine incorporation on the amino acid acceptor activity of Escherichia coli tRNA. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 138, 432–435 (1967).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Gressel, J., and E. Galun: Effect of 5-fluorouracil on the soluble RNA of Trichoderma. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 24, 162–168 (1966).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Gros, F., W. Gilbert, H. H. Hiatt, G. Attardi, P. F. Spahr, and J. D. Watson: Mole-cular and biological characterization of messenger RNA. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 26, 111–126 (1961).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Gros, F., W. Gilbert, H. H. Hiatt, G. Attardi, P. F. Spahr, and S. Naono: Bacteria] synthesis of “modified” enzymes in the presence of a pyrimidine analogue. In: Protein biosynthesis, pp. 195–205. Harris, R. J. C., Ed. London: Academic Press 1961.
  Google Scholar
• Gros, F., W. Gilbert, H. H. Hiatt, G. Attardi, P. F. Spahr, D. Hayes, F. Hayeset J. D. Watson: Etude du role de l’ARN dans le transfert de l’information génétique. Colloq. Intern. Centre Nat. Rech. Sci (Paris) 106, 437–459 (1962).
  Google Scholar
• Grunberg-Manago, M., and A. M. Michelson: Polynucleotide analogues IV. Polyfluorouridylic acid and copolymers containing fluorouridylic acid. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 87, 593–600 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Grünberger, D., and H. G. Mandel: Enhanced messenger activity of RNA from 8-azaguanine-treated Bacillus cereus. Molec. Pharmacol. 1, 157–162 (1965).
  Google Scholar
• Grünberger, D., and H. G. Mandel: Effect of 5-fluorouraci] on ribosomal synthesis in Bacillus cereus. Fed. Proc. 26, 729 (1967).
  Google Scholar
• Barbers, E., N. K. Chaudhuri, and C. Heidelberger: Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. VIII. Further biochemical and metabolic investigations. J. biol. Chem. 234, 1255–1262 (1959).
  Google Scholar
• Heidelberger, C.: Fluorinated pyrimidines. In: Progr. Nucl. Acid Res. and Molec. Biol. 4, 1–50 (1965).
  Google Scholar
• Heidelberger, C., N. K. Chaudhuri, P. Danneberg, D. Mooren, L. Griesbach, R. Duschinsky, R. J. Schnitzer, E. Pleven, and J. Scheiner: Fluorinated pyrimidines, a new class of tumor-inhibitory compounds. Nature (Lond.) 179, 663–666 (1957).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Heidelberger, C., A. Giiobar, R. K. Baker, and K. L. Mukherjee: (1) Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. X. In vivo studies on tumor resistance. Cancer Res. 20, 897–902 (1960).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Heidelberger, C., G. Kaldor, K. L. Mukherjee, and P. B. Danneberg: Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. XI. In vitro studies on tumor resistance. Cancer Res. 20, 903–909 (1960).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hignett, R. C.: The incorporation of 5-fluorouracil by Staphylococcus aureus (strain Duncan). II. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 91, 584–591 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Hignett, R. C.: The incorporation of 5-fluorouracil by Staphylococcus aurea: (strain Duncan). III. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 95, 538–543 (1965).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Hignett, R. C.: Interference of 5-fluorouracil in the biosynthesis of ribosomes in Staphylococcus aureus (strain Duncan). Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 114, 559–564 (1966).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Hills, D. C., and J. Horowitz: Ribosome synthesis in Escherichia coli treated with 5-fluorouracil. Biochemistry 5, 1625–1632 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Holoubek, V.: The composition of tobacco mosaic virus protein after the incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into the virus. J. molec. Biol. 6, 164–166 (1963).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Horowitz, J., and E. Chargaff: Massive incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into a bacterial ribonucleic acid. Nature (Lond.) 184, 1213–1215 (1959).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Horowitz, J., and E. Chargaff, and V. Kohlmeier: Formation of active ß-galactosidase by Escherichia coli treated with 5-fluorouracil. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 142, 208–218 (1967).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Horowitz, J., J. J. Saukkonen, and E. Chargaff: Effect of 5-fluorouracil on a uracil-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 29, 222–223 (1958).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Horowitz, J.: Effects of fluoropyrimidines on the synthesis of bacterial proteins and nucleic acids. J. biol. Chem. 235, 3266–3272 (1960).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Iwabuchi, M., E. Otaka, M. Kono, and S. Osawa: The effect of 5-fluorouracil on the ribosome formation in Escherichia coli. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 114, 83–94 (1966).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Jacob, F., and J. Monod: Genetic regulatory mechanism in the synthesis of proteins. J. molec. Biol. 3, 318–356 (1961).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kadowaki, K., J. Hosoda, and B. Maruo: Effects of actinomycin D and 5-fluorouracil on the formation of enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 103, 311 —318 (1965).
  Google Scholar
• Kahan, F. M., and J. Huawltz: The role of deoxyribonucleic acid in ribonucleic acid synthesis. IV. The incorporation of pyrimidine and purine analogues into ribonucleic acid. J. biol. Chem. 237, 3778–3785 (1962).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Kaplan, H. S., K. C. Smith, and P. A. Tomlin: Effect of halogenated pyrimidines on radio-sensitivity of E. coli. Radiat. Res. 16, 98–113 (1962).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kempner, E. S.: The selection and utilization of metabolic analogs for nucleic acid synthesis. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 53, 111–122 (1961).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Kempner, E. S., and J. H. Miller: Alteration of carbon metabolism by a base analog. Biophys. J. 2, 327–337 (1962).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kempner, E. S.: The mechanism of action of purine and pyrimidine analogs in microorganisms. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 76, 341–346 (1963).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Kessel, D., T. C. Hall, and I. Wodinsky: Nucleotide formation as a determinant of 5-fluorouracil response in mouse leukemias. Science 154, 911–913 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Key, J. L.: Effect of purine and pyridimine analogues on growth and RNA metabolism in the soybean hypocotyl: The selective action of 5-fluorouracil. Plant Physiol. 41, 12571264 (1966).
  Google Scholar
• Key, J. L., and J. Ingle: Requirement for the synthesis of DNA-like RNA for growth of excised plant tissue. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 52 1382 —1388(1964).
  Google Scholar
• Kilgore, W. W., and R. R. Painter: The effect of 5-fluorouracil on the viability of house fly eggs. J. Econ. Entomology 55, 710–712 (1962).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Kilgore, W. W., and R. R. Painter,: nsect chemosterilants: Incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into house fly eggs. J. Econ. Entomology 59, 746–747 (1966).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Klubes, P., and K. L. Hartmann: The differential effects of 8-azaguanine, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine on the activities of some Krebs cycle enzymes in cell-free extracts from Bacillus cereus. Biochem. Pharmacol., in press (1969).
  Google Scholar
• Koechlin, B. A., F. Rubio, S. Palmer, T. Gabriel, and R. Duschinsky: The metabolism of 5-fluorocytosine-2–14C and of cytosine-14C in the rat and the disposition of 5-fluorocytosine-2–14C in man. Biochem. Pharmacol. 15, 435–446 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kono, M., and S. Osawa: Intermediary steps of ribosome formation in Escherichia coli. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 87, 326–334 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Kono, M., E. Otaka, and S. Osawa: Changes in sedimentation properties of ribosomal ribonucleic acids during the course of ribosome formation in Escherichia coli. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 91, 612–618 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Kramer, G., H. G. Wirrmann und H. Schuster: Die Erzeugung von Mutanten des Tabakmosaikvirus durch den Einbau von Fluoruracil in die Virusnucleinsäure. Z. Naturforsch. 19b, 46–51 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Kröger, H., und B. Greuer• Einfluß von Antagonisten des Nucleinsäurestoffwechsels und von Röntgenstrahlen auf die Induktion von Enzymen. Biochem. Z. 341, 190–198 (1965).
  Google Scholar
• Lampkin-Hibbard, J. M., K. L. Mukherjee, and C. Heidelberger: Effects of steroids and fluoropyrimidines on lymphomas. II. In vivo studies on tumor resistance and collateral sensitivity. Cancer Res. 23, 468–476 (1963).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lengyel, P., J. F. Speyer, and S. Ochoa: Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code. Proc. nat Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 47, 1936–1942 (1961).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Lodish, H. F., S. Cooper, and N. D. Zinder: Host-dependent mutants of the bacteriophage f2. IV. On the biosynthesis of a viral RNA polymerase. Virology 24, 60–70 (1964).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lodish, H. F., K. Horiuchi, and N. D. Zinder: Mutants of the bacteriophage f2 V. On the production of noninfectious phage particles. Virology 27, 139–155 (1965).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lowrie, R. J., and P. L. Bergquist: Transfer ribonucleic acids from Escherichia coli treated with 5-fluorouracil. Biochemistry 7, 1761–1770 (1968).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lozeron, H. A., and M. P. Gordon: Ultraviolet sensitization and photoreactivation of tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid containing 5-fluorouraci1. Biochemistry 3, 507–510 (1964).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lozeron, H. A., and M. P. Gordon, T. Gabriel, W. Tutz, and R. Duschinsky: The photochemistry of 5-fluorouracil. Biochemistry 3, 1844–1850 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Madison, J. T., G. A. Evererr, and H. Kung: Nucleotide sequence of a yeast tyrosine transfer RNA. Science 153 531–534 (1966).
  Google Scholar
• Mandel, H. G.: The physiological disposition of some anticancer agents. Pharmacol. Rev. 11, 743–838 (1959).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Mandel, H. G., R. Markham, and R. E. F. Marchews: The distribution of thiouiacil in nucleic acid of tobacco mosaic virus. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 24, 205–206 (1957).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Marver, H. S., A. Collins, D. P. Tschudy, and M. Reghcigl, JR.: 6-Am1n0le VU11II1C acid synthetase. II. Induction in rat liver. J. biol. Chem. 241, 4323–4329 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Massoulié, J., A. M. Michelson, and F. Pochon: Polynucleotide analogues VI. Physical studies on 5-substituted pyrimidine polynucleotides. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 114, 16–26 (1966).
  Google Scholar
• Marrxews, R. E. F.: Biosynthetic incorporation of metabolic analogues. Pharmacol. Rev. 10, 359–406 (1958).
  Google Scholar
• Mukherjee, K. L., A. R. Curaeri, M. Javid, and C. Heidelberger: Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. XVII. Tissue distribution of 5-fluorouracil-2-C14 and 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine in cancer patients. Cancer Res. 23, 67–77 (1963).
  Google Scholar
• Munyon, W., and N. P. Salzman: The incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into poliovirus. Virology 18, 95–101 (1962).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Nakada, D.: Formation of ribosomes by a “relaxed” mutant of Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 12, 695–725 (1965).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Nakada, D., and B. Magasanik: The roles of inducer and catabolite repressor in the synthesis of ß-galactosidase by Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 8, 105–127 (1964).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Naono, S., et F. Gros: Effets d’un analogue de base nucléique sur la biosynthèse de protéines bactériennes. C.angements de la composition globale des protéines. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 250, 3527–3529 (1960).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Naono, S., et F. Gros,: Synthèse par E. coli d’une phosphatase modifiée en présence d’un analogue pyrimidique. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 250, 3889–3891 (1960).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Nemeth, A. M.: The effect of 5-fluorouracil on the developmental and adaptive formation of tryptophan pyrrolase. J. biol. Chem. 237, 3703–3706 (1962).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Otaka, E., S. Osawa, and A. Sibatani: Stimulation of 14C-leucine incorporation into protein in vitro by ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 15, 568–574 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Pardee, A. B., and L. S. Prestidge: The initial kinetics of enzyme induction. Biochim biophys. Acta (Amst.) 49, 77–78 (1961).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Pitot, H. C., and C. Peraino: Studies on the induction and repression of enzymes in rat liver. I. Induction of threonine dehydrase and ornithine-S-transaminase by oral intubation of casein hydrolysate. J. biol. Chem. 239, 1783–1788 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Reich, M., and H. G. Mandel: Uracil: Failure to restore DNA synthesis while relieving 5-fluorouracil-induced inhibition. Science 145, 276–277 (1964).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Reich, M., and H. G. Mandel: Dissociation of cellular functions in Bacillus cereus by 5-fluorouracil. J. Bact. 91, 517–523 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Rich, M. A., J. L. Bolaffi, J. E. Knoll, L. Cheong, and M. L. Eidinoff: Growth inhibition of a human tumor cell strain by 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluorouridine, and 5-fluoro-2’deoxyuridine — Reversal studies. Cancer Res. 18, 730–735 (1958).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Rogers, H. J., and H. R. Perkins: 5-Fluorouracil and mucopeptide biosynthesis by Staphylococcus aureus. Biochem. J. 77, 448–459 (1960).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Rosen, B.: Characteristics of 5-fluorouracil-induced synthesis of alkaline phosphatase. J. molec. Biol. 11, 845–850 (1965).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Rutman, R. J., A. Cantarow, and K. E. Paschkis: Studies in 2-acetylaminofluorene carcinogenesis. III. The utilization of uracil-2-C14 by preneoplastic rat liver and rat hepatoma. Cancer Res. 14, 119–123 (1954).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Saunders, P. P., G. A. Schultz, R. E. Bass, and G. F. Saunders: Effects of 5-fluorouracil on a uracil and thymine requiring strain of Bacillus subtilis. Bact. Proc. 1968, 131.
  Google Scholar
• Sells, B. H., and K. Crudup: Ribosome production during recovery from puromycin treatment: Influence of 5-fluorouracil. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 123, 253–264 (1966).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Shimura, Y., and D. Nathans: The preparation of coliphage MS2 containing 5-fluorouracil. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 16, 116–120 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Shimura, Y., R. E. Moses, and D. Nathans: Coliphage MS2 containing 5-fluorouracil. I. Preparation and physical properties. J. molec. Biol. 12, 266–279 (1965).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Shimura, Y., R. E. Moses, and D. Nathans: Coliphage MS2 containing 5-fluorouracil. II. RNA-deficient particles formed in the presence of 5-fluorouracil. J. molec. Biol. 28, 95–102 (1967).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Singer, M. F., and P. Leder: Messenger RNA: An evaluation. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 35, 195–230 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Skoda, J., and R. E. Handschumacher: The influence of certain antimetabolites on the incorporation of orotic acid into pseudouridine in animals. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 68, 481–483 (1963).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Slapikoff, S., and P. Berg: Mechanism of ribonucleic acid polymerase action. Effect of nearest neighbors on competition between uridine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate analogs for incorporation into ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 6, 3654–3658 (1967).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Soffer, R. L.: Studies on the biological activity of ribonucleic acid isolated from Escherichia coli after exposure to 5-fluorouracil. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 87, 416–422 (1964).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Staehelin, M.: Chemical modifications of virus infectivity: Reactions of tobacco mosaic virus and its nucleic acid. Experientia (Basel) 16, 473–483 (1960).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Staehelin, M., and M. P. Gordon: Effects of halogenated pyrimidines on the growth of tobacco mosaic virus. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 38, 307–315 (1960).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Sueoka, N., and T. Yamane: Fractionation of aminoacyl-acceptor RNA and the coding problem. In: Informational Macromolecules, pp. 205–227.
  Google Scholar
• Vogel, H. J., V. Bryson, and J. O. Lampen, Eds. New York: Academic Press 1963.
  Google Scholar
• Sundaram, T. K.: Phenotypic reversal by 5-fluorouracil of the auxotrophy of am mutants of Stine, crassa. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 138, 611–613 (1967).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Jutic, D., and B. Djordjevre: Effect of 5-fluorouracil on antigenic properties of tobacco mosaic virus. Nature (Lond.) 203, 434–435 (1964).
  Google Scholar
• Seer, W., and D. Shugar: Preparation of poly-5-fluorouridylic acid and the properties of halogenated poly-uridylic acids and their complexes with poly-adenylic acid. Acta biochim pol. 10, 219–231 (1963).
  Google Scholar
• Tershak, D. R.: Effect of 5-fluorouracil on poliovirus growth. Virology 24, 262–269 (1964).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Tershak, D. R.: Effect of 5-fluorouracil on poliovirus-induced RNA polymerase. J. molec. Biol. 21, 43–50 (1966).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Tomasz, A., and E. Borek: The mechanism of an osmotic instability induced in E. coli K-12 by 5-fluorouracil. Biochemistry 1, 543–552 (1962).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Tooze, J., and K. Weber: Isolation and characterization of amber mutants of bacteriophage R17. J. molec. Biol. 28, 311–330 (1967).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Wachsman, J. T., S. Kemp, and L. Hogg: Comparative effects of 5-fluorouracil on strains of Bacillus megaterium. J. Bact. 87, 1011–1018 (1964).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Wagner, N. J., and C. Heidelberger: Some effects of 5-fluoroorotic acid and 5-fluorouracil on the soluble ribonucleic acid of rat liver. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 61, 373–379 (1962).
  CAS Google Scholar
• Wahba, A. J., R. S. Gardner, C. Basilio, R. S. Miller, J. F. Speyer, and P. Lengyel: Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code. VIII. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 49, 116–122 (1963).
  CAS Google Scholar
• White, P. J., and C. A. Nichol: Effects of uracil and thymidine on the development of resistance to 5-fluorouracil in Pediococcus cerevisiae. J. Bact. 85, 97–105 (1963).
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Willén R., and U. Stenram: RNA synthesis in the liver of rats treated with 5-fluorouracil. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 119, 501–503 (1967).
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Wittmann, H. G.: Proteinanalysen von chemisch induzierten Mutanten des Tabakmosaik-virus. Z. Vererbungsl. 95, 333–344 (1964).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Wittmann-Liebold, B., and H. G. Wirrmann: Lokalisierung von Aminosäureaustauschen bei Spontanmutanten and nach Fluoruracileinbau isolierten Mutanten des Tabakmosaikvirus. Z. Vererbungsl. 97, 218–225 (1965).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Wittmann-Liebold, B., and H. G. Wirrmann: Lokalisierung von Aminosäureaustauschen bei Nitritmutanten des Tabakmosaik-virus. Z. Vererbungsl. 97, 305–326 (1965).
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar