Cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus are involved in the mediation of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in the rat (original) (raw)

• Armstrong DM, Saper CB, Levey AI, Wainer BH, Terry RD (1983) Distribution of cholinergic neurons in rat brain: demonstrated by the immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase. J Comp Neurol 216:53–68
  Google Scholar
• Baghdoyan HA, Rodrigo-Angulo ML, McCarley RW, Hobson JA (1987) A neuroanatomical gradient in the pontine tegmentum for the cholinoceptive induction of desynchronized sleep signs. Brain Res 414:245–261
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Blaha CH, Winn P (1993) Modulation of dopamine efflux in the striatum following cholinergic stimulation of the substantia nigra in intact and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus-lesioned rats. J Neurosci 13:1035–1044
  Google Scholar
• Braff D, Stone C, Callaway E, Geyer M, Glick I, Bali L (1978) Prestimulus effects on human startle reflex in normals and schizophrenics. Psychophysiology 15:339–343
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Camacho-Arroyo I, Alvarado R, Tapia R (1991) Release of acetylcholine and GABA, and activity of their synthesizing enzymes in the rat pontine reticular formation. Neurochem Res 16:837–841
  Google Scholar
• Capps MJ, Stockwell CW (1968) Lesions in the midbrain reticular formation and the startle response in rats. Physiol Behav 3:661–665
  Google Scholar
• Clements JR, Grant S (1990) Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in neurons of the laterodorsal tegmental and pedunculopontine nuclei in the rat. Neurosci Lett 120:70–73
  Google Scholar
• Davis M, File SE (1984) Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of habituation and sensitization: implication for the design and analysis of experiments. In: Peeke HVS, Petrinovich L (eds) Habituation, Sensitization and Behavior. Academic Press, New York, pp 287–323
  Google Scholar
• Davis M (1988) Apomorphine, damphetamine, strychnine and yohimbine do not alter prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. Psychopharmacology 95:151–156
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Davis M, Gendelman DS, Tischler MD, Gendelman PM (1982) A primary acoustic startle circuit: lesion and stimulation studies. J Neurosci 2:791–805
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Dellu F, Mayo W, Cherkaoui J, Le Moal M, Simon H (1991) Learning disturbances following excitotoxic lesion of cholinergic pedunculo-pontine nucleus in the rat. Brain Res 544:126–132
  Google Scholar
• Ebert U, Koch M (1992) Glutamat receptors mediate acoustic input to the reticular brain stem. Neuroreport 3:429–432
  Google Scholar
• Ebert U, Ostwald J (1991) The mesencephalic locomotor region is activated during the auditory startle response of the unrestrained rat. Brain Res 565:209–217
  Google Scholar
• Garcia-Rill E (1991) The pedunculopontine nucleus. Prog Neurobiol 36:363–389
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Gerber U, Stevens DR, McCarley RW, Greene RW (1991) Muscarinic agonist activate an inwardly rectifiying potassium conductance in medial pontine reticular formation neurons of the rat in vitro. J Neurosci 11:3861–3867
  Google Scholar
• Glenn LL (1985) Brainstem and spinal control of lower limb motoneurons with special reference to phasic events and startle reflexes. In: McGinty DJ et al. (eds) Brain mechanisms of sleep. Raven, New York, pp 81–95
  Google Scholar
• Goldsmith M, Van der Kooy D (1988) Separate non-cholinergic descending projections and cholinergic ascending projections from the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus. Brain Res 445:386–391
  Google Scholar
• Greene RW, Carpenter DO (1985) Actions of neurotransmitters on pontine medial reticular formations neurons of the cat. J Neurophysiol 54:520–531
  Google Scholar
• Greene RW, Gerber U, McCarley RW (1989) Cholinergic activation of medial pontine reticular formation neurons in vitro. Brain Res 476:154–159
  Google Scholar
• Groenewegen HJ, Russchen FT (1984) Organization of the efferent projections of the nucleus accumbens to pallidal, hypothalamic, and mesencephalic structures: a tracing and immunohistochemical study in the cat. J Comp Neurol 223:347–367
  Google Scholar
• Grofova I, Keane S (1991) Descending brainstem projections of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in the rat. Anat Embryol 184:275–290
  Google Scholar
• Groves PM, Wilson CJ, Boyle RD (1974) Brain stem pathways, cortical modulation, and habituation of the acoustic startle response. Behav Biol 10:391–418
  Google Scholar
• Henderson Z, Sherriff FE (1991) Distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive axons and terminals in the rat and ferret brainstem. J Comp Neurol 314:147–163
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hoffman HS, Ison JR (1980) Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychol Rev 87:175–189
  Google Scholar
• Hughes RN (1984) Cholinergic and monoaminergic substrates of startle habituation. Life Sci 34:2101–2105
  Google Scholar
• Jones BE (1990) Immunohistochemical study of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive processes and cells innervating the pontomedullary reticular formation in the rat. J Comp Neurol 295:485–514
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Jones BE (1991) Paradoxical sleep and its chemical/structural substrates in the brain. Neuroscience 40:637–656
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Jordan WJ, Leaton RN (1983) Habituation of the acoustic startle response in rats after lesion in the mesencephalic reticular formation or in the inferior colliculus. Behav Neurosci 97:710–724
  Google Scholar
• Kandier K, Herbert H (1991) Auditory projections from the cochlear nucleus to pontine and mesencephalic reticular nuclei in the rat. Brain Res 562:230–242
  Google Scholar
• Karson CN, Garcia-Rill E, Biedermann J, Mrak RE, Husain MM, Skinner RD (1991) The brainstem reticular formation in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 40:31–48
  Google Scholar
• Kelland MD, Asdourian D (1989) Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus induced inhibition of muscle activity in the rat. Behav Brain Res 34:213–234
  Google Scholar
• Kimura H, McGeer PL, Peng JH (1984) Choline acetyltransferase containing neurons in the rat brain. In: Björklund A, Hökfelt T, Kuhar MJ (eds) Classical transmitters and transmitter receptors in the CNS, part II. Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy, vol 3. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 51–67
  Google Scholar
• Koch M, Lingenhöhl K, Pilz PKD (1992) Loss of the acoustic startle response following neurotoxic lesion of the caudal pontine reticular formation: possible role of giant neurons. Neuroscience 49:617–625
  Google Scholar
• Koch M, Ebert U (1993) Enhancement of the acoustic startle response by stimulation of an excitatory pathway from the central amygdala/basal nucleus of Meynert to the pontine reticular formation. Exp Brain Res 93:231–241
  Google Scholar
• Krase W, Koch M, Schnitzler HU (1993) Glutamate antagonists in the reticular formation reduce the acoustic startle response. Neuroreport 4:13–16
  Google Scholar
• Lai YY, Siegel JM (1990) Muscle tone suppression and stepping produced by stimulation of midbrain and rostral pontine reticular formation. J Neurosci 10:2727–2734
  Google Scholar
• Lee HJ, Rye DB, Hallanger AE, Levey AI, Wainer BH (1988) Cholinergic vs. noncholinergic efferents from the mesopontine tegmentum to the extrapyramidal motor system nuclei. J Comp Neurol 275:469–492
  Google Scholar
• Leitner DS, Powers AS, Stitt CL, Hoffman HS (1981) Midbrain reticular formation involvement in the inhibition of acoustic startle. Physiol Behav 26:259–268
  Google Scholar
• Lingenhöhl K, Friauf E (1992) Giant neurons in the caudal pontine reticular formation receive short latency acoustic input: an intracellular recording and HRP-study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 325:473–492
  Google Scholar
• Lingenhöhl K, Friauf E (1994) Giant neurons in the rat reticular formation: A sensorimotor interface in the elementary acoustic startle circuit? J Neurosci (in press)
• Mitani A, Ito K, Hallanger AE, Wainer BH, Kataoka K, McCarley RW (1988) Cholinergic projections from the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei to the pontine gigantocellular tegmental field in the cat. Brain Res 451:397–402
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Moruzzi G, Magoun HW (1949) Brainstem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1:455–473
  Google Scholar
• Paxinos G, Watson C (1986) The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Academic Press, New York
  Google Scholar
• Pilz PKD, Schnitzler HU, Menne D (1987) Acoustic startle threshold of the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). J Comp Psychol 101:67–72
  Google Scholar
• Rosen JB, Hitchcock JM, Sananes CB, Miserendino MJD, Davis M (1991) A direct projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the acoustic startle pathway: anterograde and retrograde tracing studies. Behav Neurosci 105:817–825
  Google Scholar
• Rugg EL, Dunbar JS, Latimer M, Winn P (1992) Excitotoxic lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus of the rat. I. Comparison of the effects of various excitotoxins, with particular reference to the loss of immunohistochemically identified cholinergic neurons. Brain Res 589:181–193
  Google Scholar
• Rye DB, Saper CB, Lee HJ, Wainer BH (1987) Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus of the rat: cytoarchitecture, cytochemistry, and some extrapyramidal connections of the mesopontine tegmentum. J Comp Neurol 259:483–528
  Google Scholar
• Rye DB, Lee HJ, Saper CB, Wainer BH (1988) Medullary and spinal efferents of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and adjacent mesopontine tegmentum in the rat. J Comp Neurol 269:315–341
  Google Scholar
• Saitoh K, Tilson HA, Shaw S, Dyer RS (1987) Possible role of the brainstem in the mediation of prepulse inhibition in the rat. Neurosci Lett 75:216–222
  Google Scholar
• Semba K, Reiner PR, McGeer EG, Fibiger HC (1989) Brainstem projection neurons in the rat basal forebrain: neurochemical, topographical, and physiological distinction from cortically projecting cholinergic neurons. Brain Res Bull 22:501–509
  Google Scholar
• Semba K, Reiner PR, Fibiger HC (1990) Single cholinergic mesopontine tegmental neurons project to both the pontine reticular formation and the thalamus in the rat. Neuroscience 38:543–654
  Google Scholar
• Semba K, Fibiger HC (1992) Afferent connections of the laterodorsal and the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei in the rat: a retro and anterograde transport and immunohistochemcal study. J Comp Neurol 323:387–410
  Google Scholar
• Shammah-Lagnado SJ, Negrao N, Silva BA, Ricardo JA (1987) Afferent connections of the nuclei reticularis pontis oralis and caudalis: a horseradish peroxidase study in in the rat. Neuroscience 20:961–989
  Google Scholar
• Shiromani PJ, Armstrong DM, Gillin JC (1988) Cholinergic neurons from the dorsolateral pons project to the medial pons: a WGA-HRP and choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemical study. Neurosci Lett 95:19–23
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Spann BM, Grofova I (1992) Cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons in the rat pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Anat Embryol 186:215–227
  Google Scholar
• Steininger TL, Rye DB, Wainer BH (1992) Afferent projections to the cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and adjacent midbrain extrapyramidal area in the albino rat. I.Retrograde tracing studies. J Comp Neurol 321:515–543
  Google Scholar
• Swerdlow NR, Caine SB, Braff DL, Geyer MA (1992a) The neural substrates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a review of recent findings and their implications. J Psychopharmacol 6:176–190
  Google Scholar
• Swerdlow NR, Caine SB, Geyer MA (1992b) Regionally selective effects of intracerebral dopamine infusion on sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex in rats. Psychopharmacology 108:189–195
  Google Scholar
• Swerdlow NR, Geyer MA (1993) Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in rats after lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Behav Neurosci 107:104–117
  Google Scholar
• Tago H, McGeer PL, McGeer EG, Akiyama H, Hersh LB (1989) Distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunopositive structures in the rat brainstem. Brain Res 495:271–297
  Google Scholar
• Tatehata T, Shiosaka S, Wanaka A, Rao ZR, Tohyama M (1987) Immunocytochemical localization of the choline acetyltransferase containing neuron system in the rat lower brainstem. J Hirnforsch 28:707–716
  Google Scholar
• Wainer BH, Levey AI, Mufson EJ, Mesulam MM (1984) Cholinergic systems in mammalian brain identified with antibodies against choline acetyltransferase. Neurochem Int 6:163–182
  Google Scholar
• Woolf NJ (1991) Cholinergic systems in mammalian brain and spinal cord. Prog Neurobiol 37:475–524
  Google Scholar
• Wu M, Suzuki SS, Siegel JM (1988) Anatomical distribution and response patterns of reticular neurons active in relation to acoustic startle. Brain Res 457:399–406
  Google Scholar
• Wu MF, Mallick BN, Siegel JM (1989) Lateral geniculate spikes, muscle atonia and startle response elicited by auditory stimuli as a function of stimulus parameters and arousal state. Brain Res 499:7–17
  Google Scholar
• Wu MF, Jenden DJ, Fairchild MD, Siegel JM (1993) Cholinergic mechanisms in startle and prepulse inhibition: effects of the false cholinergic precursor N-aminodeanol. Behav Neurosci 107:306–316
  Google Scholar