Saccade and blinking evoked by microstimulation of the posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey (original) (raw)
Summary
Electrical stimulation with microelectrodes of the posterior parietal association cortex in alert behaving monkeys elicited saccadic eye movements and blinking. The sites in which saccades were elicited by electrical stimulation were concentrated in the anteromedial part of area 7a, especially in the posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus, in a region which sends efferent projections to the frontal eye field and the superior colliculus, but they were also found in the posterolateral part of area 7a. Compared with the frontal eye fields and the superior colliculus, the threshold current for eliciting saccades was relatively high, on the average 86 μA. Moreover, the elicitation of saccade was inconsistent even with suprathreshold stimulation and suppressed during visual fixation. Latencies of the saccades were relatively long, on the average 50 ms; they were longer in the posterolateral part than in the anteromedial part. Direction and amplitude of evoked saccades depended on the site of stimulation, but was independent of eye position in most cases. However, “goal-directed” saccades which depended on initial eye position were elicited in three penetrations in the posterolateral part of area 7a. Blinking was elicited mainly in the lateral part of area 7a. The threshold of blinking was 70 μA and the latency was 50 ms on the average. In contrast to saccades, blinking was elicited constantly with each stimulus even during attentive fixation. We occasionally recorded single unit activity at the site of stimulation with the same electrodes. More than half of the units recorded at the site of blinking responded to approaching visual stimulus. These results suggest that area 7a participates indirectly in the control of saccades by way of its connection to the frontal eye fields or the superior colliculus, and it may also play an important role in blinking in response to a visual threat.
Access this article
Subscribe and save
- Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
- Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
- Cancel anytime View plans
Buy Now
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
- Bálint R (1909) Seelenlähmung des „Schauens”, optische Ataxie, räumliche Störung der Aufmerksamkeit. Monatsschrift Psychiat Neurol 25: 51–81
Google Scholar - Baloh RW, Tee RD, Honrubia V (1980) Optokinetic nystagmus and parietal lobe lesions. Ann Neurol 7: 269–276
Google Scholar - Barbas H, Mesulam M-M (1981) Organization of afferent input to subdivisions of area 8a in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 200: 407–431
Google Scholar - Bartholow R (1874) Experimental investigations into the functions of the human brain. Am J Med Sci 67: 305–313
Google Scholar - Brodal P (1978) The corticopontine projection in the rhesus monkey. Brain 101: 251–283
Google Scholar - Chavis D, Pandya DN (1976) Further observations on corticofrontal connections in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 117: 369–386
Google Scholar - Cogan DC (1965) Ophthalmic manifestations of bilateral nonoccipital cerebral lesions. Brit J Ophthalmol 49: 281–297
Google Scholar - Crommelinck M, Roucoux A, Meulders M (1977) Eye movements evoked by stimulation of lateral posterior nucleus and pulvinar in the alert cat. Brain Res 124: 361–366
Google Scholar - Denny-Brown D, Chambers RA (1958) The parietal lobes and behavior. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 36: 35–117
Google Scholar - Ferrier D (1876) The functions of the brain. Smith, Elder and Co., London
Google Scholar - Fischer B, Boch R (1981) Enhanced activation of neurons in prelunate cortex before visually guided saccades of trained rhesus monkeys. Exp Brain Res 44: 129–137
Google Scholar - Fleming JFR, Crosby EC (1955) The parietal lobe as an additional motor area. J Comp Neurol 103: 485–512
Google Scholar - Goldberg ME, Bushnell MC (1980) Visual behavior modifies the effect of frontal eye field stimulation in the rhesus monkey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 19 (Suppl): 175–176
Google Scholar - Holmes G (1918) Disturbances of visual orientation. Brit J Ophthalmol 2: 449–519
Google Scholar - Jacobson S, Trojanowski JQ (1977) Prefrontal granular cortex of the rhesus monkey. I. Intrahemispheric cortical afferents. Brain Res 132: 209–233
Google Scholar - Jampel RS (1960) Convergence, divergence, pupillary reactions and accommodation of the eyes from faradic stimulation of the macaque brain. J Comp Neurol 115: 371–397
Google Scholar - Keating EG, Gooley SG, Pratt SE, Kelsey JE (1983) Removing the superior colliculus silences eye movements normally evoked from stimulation of the parietal and occipital eye fields. Brain Res 269: 145–148
Google Scholar - Kuypers HGJM, Lawrence DC (1967) Cortical projections to the red nucleus and the brain stem in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 4: 151–188
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Lynch JC, Mountcastle VB, Talbot WH, Yin TCT (1977) Parietal lobe mechanisms for directed visual attention. J Neurophysiol 40: 362–389
Google Scholar - Maldonade H, Joseph J-P, Schlag J (1980) Types of eye movements evoked by thalamic microstimulation in the alert cat. Exp Neurol 70: 613–625
Google Scholar - Marrocco RT (1978) Saccades induced by stimulation of the frontal eye fields: Interaction with voluntary and reflexive eye movements. Brain Res 146: 23–34
Google Scholar - Miles WR (1931) Elevation of the eye-balls on winking. J Exp Psychol 14: 311–332
Google Scholar - Pandya DN, Kuypers HGJM (1969) Cortico-cortical connections in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 13: 13–36
Google Scholar - Petras JM (1971) Connections of the parietal lobe. J Psychiat Res 8: 189–201
Google Scholar - Robinson DA (1972) Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey. Vision Res 12: 1795–1808
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Robinson DA, Fuchs AF (1969) Eye movements evoked by stimulation of frontal eye fields. J Neurophysiol 32: 637–648
Google Scholar - Ron S, Robinson DA (1973) Eye movements evoked by cerebellar stimulation in the alert monkey. J Neurophysiol 36: 1004–1022
Google Scholar - Roucoux A, Crommelinck M (1976) Eye movements evoked by superior colliculus stimulation in the alert cat. Brain Res 106: 349–363
Google Scholar - Sakata H, Shibutani H, Kawano K (1980) Spatial properties of visual fixation neurons in posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey. J Neurophysiol 43: 1654–1672
Google Scholar - Schiller PH, Sandell JH (1983) Interactions between visually and electrically elicited saccades before and after superior colliculus and frontal eye field ablations in the rhesus monkey. Exp Brain Res 49: 381–392
Google Scholar - Schiller PH, Stryker MP (1972) Single-unit recording and stimulation in superior colliculus of the alert rhesus monkey. J Neurophysiol 35: 915–924
Google Scholar - Schlag J, Schlag-Rey M (1971) Induction of oculomotor responses from thalamic internal medullary lamina in the cat. Exp Neurol 33: 498–508
Google Scholar - Smith WK (1949) The frontal eye fields. In: Bucy PC (ed) The precentral motor cortex. Univ of Illinois Press, Urbana, Ill
Google Scholar - Sparks DL, Mays LE (1983) Spatial localization of saccade target. I. Compensation for stimulation-induced perturbations in eye position. J Neurophysiol 49: 45–63
Google Scholar - Straschill M, Rieger P (1973) Eye movements evoked by focal stimulation of the cat's superior colliculus. Brain Res 59: 211–227
Google Scholar - Vogt C, Vogt O (1919) Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. P Psychol Neurol Lpz 25: 221–462
Google Scholar - Wagman IH (1964) Eye movements induced by electric stimulation of cerebrum in monkeys and their relationship to bodily movements. In: Bender MB (ed) Oculomotor system. Hoeber, New York, pp 18–39
Google Scholar - Walker AE, Weaver TA Jr (1940) Ocular movements from the occipital lobe in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 3: 353–357
Google Scholar
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
- Department of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neurosciences, 2–6 Musashidai, 183, Fuchu City, Tokyo, Japan
H. Shibutani & H. Sakata - Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, SF-00170, Helsinki 17, Finland
J. Hyvärinen
Authors
- H. Shibutani
- H. Sakata
- J. Hyvärinen
Additional information
Prof. J. Hyvärinen died on February 26, 1983
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shibutani, H., Sakata, H. & Hyvärinen, J. Saccade and blinking evoked by microstimulation of the posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey.Exp Brain Res 55, 1–8 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00240493
- Received: 02 February 1983
- Revised: 14 November 1983
- Issue date: May 1984
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00240493