Nervous system of ascidian larvae: Caudal primary sensory neurons (original) (raw)
Summary
In larvae of Diplosoma macdonaldi one sensory nerve extends along the dorsal midline of the tail and another extends along the ventral midline. Each nerve is composed of 50–70 naked axons lying in a groove in the base of the epidermis, and each projects to the visceral ganglion. The cell bodies of the caudal sensory neurons occur in pairs within the epidermis, and are situated along the courses of the nerves. A single cilium arises from an invagination in the soma of each neuron, passes through the inner cuticular layer of the tunic and enters a tail fin formed by the outer cuticular layer. We propose that these cells are mechanoreceptors. The caudal sensory system is similar in representative species of ten families of ascidians.
Access this article
Subscribe and save
- Get 10 units per month
- Download Article/Chapter or eBook
- 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
- Cancel anytime Subscribe now
Buy Now
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
a :
axial complex of the tail
ac :
accessory centriole
ax :
axon
bb :
basal body
bl :
basal lamina
c :
cilium
cep :
common epidermal cells
cs :
ciliary sheath
dcv :
dense-cored vesicles
dsn :
dorsal sensory nerve
ec :
ependymal cells
ep :
epidermis
gj :
gap junction
h :
hemocoel
hc :
hemocoelic chamber
icl :
inner cuticular layer of the tunic
m :
caudal muscle
nc :
dorsal nerve cord
ncl :
neurocoel
no :
notochord
ocl :
outer cuticular layer of the tunic
sc :
sensory cell
sn :
sensory nerve
sv :
sensory vesicle
vg :
visceral ganglion
vsn :
ventral sensory nerve
References
- Altner H, Prillinger L (1980) Ultrastructure of invertebrate chemo-, thermo- and hygroreceptors and its functional significance. Intern Rev Cytol 67:69–139
Google Scholar - Anderson H, Edwards JS, Palka J (1980) Developmental neurobiology of invertebrates. Ann Rev Neurosci 3:97–137
Google Scholar - Barnes SN (1971) Fine structure of the photoreceptor and cerebral ganglion of the tadpole larva of Amaroucium constellatum (Verrill) (Urochordata, Ascidiacea). Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 117:1–16
Google Scholar - Barnes SN (1974) Fine structure of the photoreceptor of the ascidian tadpole during development. Cell Tissue Res 155:27–45
Google Scholar - Bone Q, Ryan KP (1978) Cupular sense organs in Ciona (Tunicata:Ascidiacea). J Zool London 186:417–429
Google Scholar - Bullock TH, Horridge GA (1965) Structure and function in the nervous systems of invertebrates, vol. 2. WH Freeman, San Francisco
Google Scholar - Cavey MJ, Cloney RA (1972) Fine structure and differentiation of ascidian muscle I. Differentiated caudal musculature of Distaplia occidentalis tadpoles. J Morphol 138:349–374
Google Scholar - Cavey MJ, Cloney RA (1976) Ultrastructure and differentiation of ascidian muscle I. Caudal musculature of the larva of Diplosoma macdonaldi. Cell Tissue Res 174:289–313
Google Scholar - Cloney RA (1961) Observations on the mechanism of tail resorption in ascidians. Am Zool 1:67–87
Google Scholar - Cloney RA (1969) Cytoplasmic filaments and morphogenesis: The role of the notochord in ascidian metamorphosis. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 100:31–53
Google Scholar - Cloney RA (1978) Ascidian metamorphosis: Review and analysis. In: Chia F-S, Rice M (eds) Settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae. Elsevier, New York Oxford, pp 255–282
Google Scholar - Cloney RA, Florey E (1968) Ultrastructure of cephalopod chromatophore organs. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 89:250–280
Google Scholar - Cloney RA, Torrence SA (1982) Ascidian larvae: structure and settlement. In: Costow JD (ed) Biodeterioration. US Naval Inst, Annapolis
Google Scholar - Eakin RM, Kuda A (1971) Ultrastructure of sensory receptors in ascidian tadpoles. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 112:287–312
Google Scholar - Elwyn A (1937) Some stages in the development of the neural complex in Ecteinascidia turbinata. Bull Neur Inst NY 6:163–177
Google Scholar - Grave C (1934) The Botryllus type of ascidian larva. Carnegie Inst Wash Publ 435:143–156
Google Scholar - Laverack MS (1968) On the receptors of marine invertebrates. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 6:249–324
Google Scholar - Laverack MS (1974) The structure and function of chemoreceptor cells. In: Grant PT, Mackie AM (eds) Chemoreception in marine organisms. Academic Press, New York pp 177–265
Google Scholar - Mackie GO, Bone Q (1976) Skin impulses and locomotion in an ascidian tadpole. J Mar Biol Ass UK 56:751–768
Google Scholar - Tannenbaum AD, Rosenbluth J (1972) Myoneural junctions in larval ascidian tail. Experientia 28:1210–1212
Google Scholar - Torrence SA (1980) The styelid photolith: A compound sense organ in ascidians. Am Zool 20:A890
Google Scholar
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
- Department of Zoology, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, Washington, USA
Steven A. Torrence & Richard A. Cloney
Authors
- Steven A. Torrence
You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar - Richard A. Cloney
You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Torrence, S.A., Cloney, R.A. Nervous system of ascidian larvae: Caudal primary sensory neurons.Zoomorphology 99, 103–115 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310303
- Received: 10 October 1981
- Issue Date: February 1982
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310303