- Beninger RJ, Mason ST, Phillips AG, Fibiger HC (1980) The use of conditioned suppression to evaluate the nature of neuroleptic-induced avoidance deficits. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 213:623–627
Google Scholar
- Blumberg H, Dayton HB (1974) Naloxone, naltrexone and related noroxymorphones. In: Braude MC, Harris LS, May EL, Smith JP, Villarreal JE (eds) Narcotic antagonists. Raven, New York, pp 33–43
Google Scholar
- Bozarth MA, Wise RA (1981a) Heroin reward is dependent on a dopaminergic substrate. Life Sci 29:1881–1886
Google Scholar
- Bozarth MA, Wise RA (1981b) Intracranial self-administration of morphine into the ventral tegmental area in rats. Life Sci 28:551–555
Google Scholar
- Braude MC, Harris LS, May EL, Smith JP, Villarreal JE (1974) Narcotic antagonists. Raven, New York
Google Scholar
- Creese I, Burt DR, Snyder SH (1976) Dopaminergic receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs. Science 192:481–483
Google Scholar
- Deneau GA, Yanagita T, Seevers MH (1969) Self-administration of psychoactive substances by the monkeys. Psychoparmacolgica 16:30–48
Google Scholar
- De Wit H, Wise RA (1977) Blockade of cocaine reinforcement in rats with the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide, but not with the noradrenergic blockers phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. Canad J Psychol 31:195–203
Google Scholar
- Ettenberg A, Koob GF, Bloom FE (1981) Response artifact in the measurement of neuroleptic-induced anhedonia. Science 213:357–359
Google Scholar
- Fibiger HC, Zis AP, Phillips AG (1975) Haloperidol-induced disruption of conditioned avoidance responding: Attenuation by prior training or by anticholinergic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 30:309–314
Google Scholar
- Glick D, Cox RS, Crane AM (1975) Changes in morphine self-administration and morphine dependence after lesions of the caudate nucleus in rats. Psychopharmacologica 41:219–224
Google Scholar
- Goldberg SR, Woods JH, Schuster CR (1971) Nalorphine-induced changes in morphine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 176:464–471
Google Scholar
- Gunne LM, Anggard E, Jonsson LE (1972) Clinical trials with amphetamine blocking drugs. Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir 75:225–226
Google Scholar
- Heikkila RE, Orlansky H, Cohen G (1975) Studies on the distinction between uptake inhibition and release of [3H] dopamine in rat brain tissue slices. Biochem Pharmacol 24:847–852
Google Scholar
- Jaffe JH (1980) Drug addiction and drug abuse. In: Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 6th edn. MacMillan, New York, pp 535–584
Google Scholar
- Jaffe JH, Martin WR (1980) Opoid analgesics and antagonists. In: Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 6th edn. MacMillan, New York, pp 494–534
Google Scholar
- Leysen JE, Gommeren W, Laduran PM (1978) Spiperone: A ligand of choice for neuroleptic receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 27:307–316
Google Scholar
- Magistretti PJ, Schordest M (1979) Dopamine receptors in bovine retina-characterization of the 3H-spiroperidol binding and its use for screening dopamine receptor affinity of drugs. Life Sci 25:1675–1686
Google Scholar
- Martin WR, Jasinski DR, Mansky PA (1973) Naltrexone, an antagonist for the treatment of heroin dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 28:784–791
Google Scholar
- Misra AL (1978) Metabolism of opiates. In: Adler ML, Manara L, Samanin R (eds) Factors affecting the action of narcotics. Raven, New York, pp 297–343
Google Scholar
- Møller-Nielson I, Pedersen V, Nymark M, Franck KF, Boeck V, Fjalland B, Christensen AV (1973) The comparative pharmacological of flupenthixol and some reference neuroleptics. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 33:353–362
Google Scholar
- Patrick RL, Snyder TE, Barchas JD (1975) Regulation of dopamine synthesis in rat brain striatal synaptosomes. Mol Pharmacol 11:621–631
Google Scholar
- Phillips AG, LePaine FG (1980) Reinforcing effects of morphine microinjection into the ventral tegmental area. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 12:965–968
Google Scholar
- Pickens R, Harris WC (1968) Self-administration of _d_-amphetamine by rats. Psychopharmacologia 12:158–163
Google Scholar
- Pickens R, Meisch RA, Thompson T (1978) Drug self-administration: An analysis of the reinforcing effects of drugs. In: Iversen LL, Iversen SP, Snyder SH (eds) Handbook of psychopharmacology, vol 12. Plenum, New York, pp 1–37
Google Scholar
- Pickens R, Thompson T (1968) Cocaine-reinforced behavior in rats: Effects of reinforcement magnitude and fixed-ratio size. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 161:122–129
Google Scholar
- Posluns D (1962) An analysis of chlorpromazine-induced suppression of the avoidance response. Psychopharmacologia 3:361–373
Google Scholar
- Roberts DCS, Corcoran ME, Fibiger HC (1977) On the role of ascending catecholaminergic systems in intravenous self-administration of cocaine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 6:615–620
Google Scholar
- Roberts DCS, Koob GF, Klonoff P, Fibiger HC (1980) Extinction and recovery of cocaine self-administration following 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 12:781–787
Google Scholar
- Ross RB, Renyi AL (1967) Inhibition of the uptake of tritiated catecholamines by anti-depressants and related compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2:181–186
Google Scholar
- Schuster CR, Thompson T (1969) Self-administration of and behavioral dependence on drugs. Ann Rev Pharmacol 9:483–502
Google Scholar
- Schwartz AS, Marchok PL (1974) Depression of morphine-seeking behavior by dopamine inhibition. Nature 248:257–258
Google Scholar
- Smith SG, Davis WM (1973) Haloperidol effects on morphine self-administration: Testing for pharmacological modification of the primary reinforcement mechanisms. Psychol Rec 23:215–221
Google Scholar
- Thompson T, Griffith R, Pickens R (1973) Drug self-administration by animals: Some implications for human drug dependence. In: Goldberg L, Hoffmeister F (eds) Psychic dependence. Springer, Berlin, pp 88–103
Google Scholar
- Thompson T, Pickens R (1970) Stimulant self-administration by animals: Some comparisons with opiate self-administration. Fed Proc 29:6–11
Google Scholar
- Verebey K, Volavka J, Mule S, Resnick R (1976) Naltrexone: Disposition, metabolism, and effects after acute and chronic dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther 20:315–328
Google Scholar
- Way EL, Adler TK (1960) The pharmacologic implications of the fate of morphine and its surrogates. Pharmacol Rev 12:383–446
Google Scholar
- Weeks JR, Collins RJ (1976) Changes in morphine self-administration in rats induced by prostaglandin E and naloxone. Prostaglandins 12:11–19
Google Scholar
- Werner TE, Smith SG, Davis WM (1976) A dose-response comparison between methadone and morphine self-administration. Psychopharmacologia 47:209–211
Google Scholar
- Wise RA (1978) Catecholamine theories of reward: A critical review. Brain Res 152:215–247
Google Scholar
- Woods JH, Schuster CR (1968) Reinforcement properties of morphine, cocaine, and SPA as a function of unit dose. Int J Addict 3:231–237
Google Scholar
- Yokel RA, Pickens R (1973) Self-administration of optical isomers of amphetamine and methylamphetamine by rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 187:27–33
Google Scholar
- Yokel RA, Pickens R (1974) Drug level of _d_- and _l_-amphetamine during intravenous self-administration. Psychopharmacologia 34:255–264
Google Scholar
- Yokel RA, Pickens R (1976) Extinction responding following amphetamine self-administration: Determination of reinforcement magnitude. Physiol Psychol 4:39–42
Google Scholar
- Yokel RA, Wise RA (1973) Increased lever-pressing for amphetamine after pimozide in rats: Implications for a dopamine theory of reward. Science 187:547–549
Google Scholar
- Yokel RA, Wise RA (1976) Attenuation of intravenous amphetamine reinforcement by central dopamine blockade in rats. Psychopharmacology 48:311–318
Google Scholar