Effect of nitrapyrin on nitrous oxide emission from fallow soils fertilized with anhydrous ammonia (original) (raw)

Abstract

Nitrous oxide emission from three soils was measured using a chamber technique. Treatments sampled were unfertilized soil, and soil fertilized with 60 or 80 kg N ha−1 of band-applied anhydrous ammonia ± nitrapyrin. The flux of nitrous oxide from unfertilized soil was very low (1.1 to 1.6 g N ha−1 day−1).

Application of anhydrous ammonia caused a significant increase in the cumulative emission of nitrous oxide in two soils over 27 or 29 days compared with unfertilized soil. Fertilizer-induced loss of nitrous oxide was highest in a calcareous clay soil which had the highest nitrification rate and accumulated the highest concentration of nitrite within the fertilizer bands. Fertilizer-induced losses of nitrous oxide were < 0.05% of the applied fertilizer.

Addition of nitrapyrin inhibited nitrification in all soils and reduced nitrite accumulation in the fertilizer bands. Nitrapyrin addition significantly reduced fertilizer-induced loss of nitrous oxide only in the calcareous clay soil. In the other soil, nitrapyrin had a lower bioactivity (relative inhibition of nitrification) which may have been due to its higher organic matter content.

Resumo

Este trabalho constitui de uma avaliação da quantidade de óxido nitroso emitido por três solos. A emissão de óxido nitroso foi determinada em solos não fertilizados e onde a amônia-anidra (60 e 80 kg de N ha−1) foi aplicada, em bandas, com e sem nitrapyrin. O fluxo diário de óxido nitroso nos solos onde não se aplicou o fertilizante variou entre 1.1 e 1.6 g N ha−1. A aplicação da amônia-anidra causou um significativo aumento na emissão de óxido nitroso em dois solos. A emissão de óxido nitroso induzida pela aplicação do fertilizante foi mais alta em um solo calcáreo-argiloso. Foi neste solo onde a nitrificação ocorreu mais intensamente e um maior acúmulo de nitrito foi observado. As perdas de óxido nitroso induzidas pela aplicação da amônia-anidra foram menores do que 0.05% do fertilizante aplicado. A aplicação conjunta de nitrapyrin com o fertilizante inibiu parcialmente a nitrificação nos três solos e reduziu o acúmulo de nitrito nas bandas do fertilizante. A adição de nitrapyrin reduziu significativamente a emissão de óxido nitroso somente no solo calcáreo-argiloso. No outro solo, a inibição relativa da nitrificação (bio-atividade) foi a mais baixa observada. A baixa bio-atividade do nitrapyrin sugere um efeito causado pelo mais alto teor de matéria orgânica verificado neste solo.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Beckman GG and Thompson CH (1960) Soils and land use in the Kurrawa area, Darling Downs, Queensland. Soils and Land Use Series No. 37. CSIRO, Australia
    Google Scholar
  2. Best EK (1976) An automated method for determining nitrate nitrogen in soil extracts. Q'ld J Agric Anim Sci 33, 161–166
    Google Scholar
  3. Blackmer AM, Bremner JM and Schmidt EL (1980) Production of nitrous oxide by ammonia-oxidizing chemoautrophic microorganisms in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 40, 1060–1066
    Google Scholar
  4. Blackmer AM, Robbins SG and Bremner JM (1982) Diurnal variability in rate of emission of nitrous oxide from soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46, 937–942
    Google Scholar
  5. Breitenbeck GA, Blackmer AM and Bremner JM (1980) Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on emission of nitrous oxide from soil. Geophys Res Lett 7, 85–88
    Google Scholar
  6. Bremner JM and Blackmer AM (1978) Nitrous oxide:Emission from soils during nitrification of fertilizer nitrogen. Science 199, 295–296
    Google Scholar
  7. Bremner JM and Blackmer AM (1979) Effects of acetylene and soil water content on emission of nitrous oxide from soils. Nature 280, 380–381
    Google Scholar
  8. Bremner JM, Breitenback GA and Blackmer AM (1981) Effect of anhydrous ammonia fertilization on emission of nitrous oxide from soils. J Environ Qual 10, 77–80
    Google Scholar
  9. Bremner JM, Robbins SG and Blackmer AM (1980) Seasonal variability in emission of nitrous oxide from soil. Geophys Res Lett 7, 641–644
    Google Scholar
  10. Burford JR, Dowdell RJ and Crees R (1981) Emission of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere from direct-drilled and ploughed clay soils. J Sci Food Agric 32, 219–223
    Google Scholar
  11. Cochran VL, Elliott LF and Papendick RI (1981) Nitrous oxide emissions from a fallow field fertilized with anhydrous ammonia. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45, 307–310
    Google Scholar
  12. Conrad R and Seiler W (1980) Field measurements of the loss of fertilizer nitrogen into the atmosphere as nitrous oxide. Atmos Environ 14, 555–558
    Google Scholar
  13. Denmead OT, Freney JR and Simpson JR (1979) Studies of nitrous oxide emission from a grass award. Soil Sci Soc Am J 43, 726–728
    Google Scholar
  14. Findlay WI and McKenney DJ (1979) Direct measurement of nitrous oxide flux from soil. Can J Soil Sci 59, 413–421
    Google Scholar
  15. Freney JR, Denmead OT and Simpson JR (1978) Soil as a source or sink for atmospheric nitrous oxide. Nature 273, 530–532
    Google Scholar
  16. Freney JR, Denmead OT and Simpson JR (1979) Nitrous oxide emission from soils at low moisture contents. Soil Biol Biochem 11, 167–173
    Google Scholar
  17. Huber DM, Warren HL, Nelson DW, Tsai CY, Ross MA and Mengel D (1982) Evaluation of nitrification inhibitors for no-till corn. Soil Sci 134, 388–394
    Google Scholar
  18. Huber DM, Warren HL, Nelson DW, Tsai CY and Shaner GE (1980) Response of winter wheat to inhibiting nitrification of fall-applied nitrogen. Agron J 72, 632–637
    Google Scholar
  19. Hutchinson GL and Mosier AR (1979) Nitrous oxide emissions from an irrigated cornfield. Science 205, 1125–1126
    Google Scholar
  20. Keeney DR (1980) Factors affecting the persistence and bioactivity of nitrification inhibitors. In Stelley M, ed. Nitrification inhibitors-potentials and limitations, pp. 33–46. Madison, Wisc.: American Society of Agronomy
    Google Scholar
  21. Matthais AD, Blackmer AM and Bremner JM (1979) Diurnal variability in the concentration of nitrous oxide in surface air. Geophys Res Lett 6, 441–443
    Google Scholar
  22. Matthais AD, Blackmer AM and Bremner JM (1980) A simple chamber technique for field measurement of emissions of nitrous oxide from soils. J Environ Qual 9, 251–256
    Google Scholar
  23. McCormick RA, Nelson DW, Huber DM and Sutton AL (1981) Improving the fertilizer value of liquid swine manure with a nitrification inhibitor. Ag Exp Stn Bull 342, Purdue Univ, W. Lafayette, Indiana
    Google Scholar
  24. McKenney DJ, Shuttleworth KF and Findlay WI (1980) Nitrous oxide evolution rates from fertilized soil: Effects of applied nitrogen. Can J Soil Sci 60, 429–438
    Google Scholar
  25. McKenney DJ, Wade DL and Findlay WI (1978) Rates of N2O evolution from N-fertilized soil. Geophys Res Lett 6, 777–780
    Google Scholar
  26. Mosier AR and Hutchinson GL (1981) Nitrous oxide emissions from cropped fields. J Environ Qual 10, 169–173
    Google Scholar
  27. Mosier AR, Hutchinson GL, Sabey BR and Baxter J (1982) Nitrous oxide emissions from barley plots treated with ammonium nitrate or sewage sludge. J Environ Qual 11, 78–81
    Google Scholar
  28. Rasmussen RA, Krasnec J and Pierotti D (1976) N2O analysis in the atmosphere via electron capture-gas chromatography. Geophys Res Lett 3, 615–618
    Google Scholar
  29. Ryden JC and Lund LJ (1980) Nitrous oxide evolution from irrigated land. J Environ Qual 9, 387–393
    Google Scholar
  30. Ryden JC, Lund LJ and Focht DD (1978) Direct in-field measurement of nitrous oxide flux from soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42, 731–737
    Google Scholar
  31. Smith CJ and Chalk PM (1978) Losses of nitrogenous gases from soils during nitrification of ammonia fertilizer. In Ferguson AR, Bieleski RL and Ferguson IB, eds. Plant nutrition 1978, pp 483–490. N.Z. DSIR Information Series No. 134. Wellington: Government Printer
    Google Scholar
  32. Smith CJ and Chalk PM (1980) Gaseous nitrogen evolution during nitrification of ammonia fertilizer and nitrite transformations in soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44, 277–282
    Google Scholar
  33. Warren HL, Huber DM, Nelson DW and Mann OW (1975) Stalk rot incidence and yield of corn as affected by inhibiting nitrification of fall-applied ammonium. Agron J 67, 655–660
    Google Scholar
  34. Warren HL, Huber DM, Tsai CY and Nelson DW (1980) Effect of nitrapyrin and N fertilizer on yield and mineral composition of corn. Agron J 72, 729–732
    Google Scholar

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne, 3052, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
    AMT Magalhães & PM Chalk
  2. Queensland Wheat Research Institute, 4350, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
    WM Strong

Authors

  1. AMT Magalhães
  2. PM Chalk
  3. WM Strong

Rights and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Magalhães, A., Chalk, P. & Strong, W. Effect of nitrapyrin on nitrous oxide emission from fallow soils fertilized with anhydrous ammonia.Fertilizer Research 5, 411–421 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049121

Download citation

Key words