- Balter MB, Levine J, Manheimer D (1974) Cross-national study of the extent of anti-anxiety sedative drug use. N Engl J Med 290:766–774
Article Google Scholar
- Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program (1973) Clinical depression of the central nervous system due to diazepam and chlordiazepoxide in relation to cigarette smoking and age. N Engl J Med 288:277–280
Article Google Scholar
- Braestrup C, Nielsen M (1983) Benzodiazepine receptors. In: Iversen LL, Iversen SD, Snyder SH (eds) Handbook of psychopharmacology: biochemical studies of CNS receptors, vol 17. Plenum Press, New York, pp 285–383
Google Scholar
- Castleden CM, George CF, Marcer D, Hallett C (1977) Increased sensitivity to nitrazepam in old age. Br Med J 1:10–12
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Cook PJ, Flanagan R, James IM (1984) Diazepam tolerance: effect of age, regular sedation, and alcohol. Br Med J 289:351–353
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Ellinwood EH Jr, Nikaido AM (1987) Perceptual-neuromotor pharmacodynamics of psychotropic drugs. In: Meltzer HY (ed) Pharmacology: the third generation of progress. Raven Press, New York, pp 1457–1466
Google Scholar
- Ellinwood EH Jr, Linnoila M, Easler ME, Molter DW (1983) Profile of acute tolerance to three sedative-anxiolytics. Psychopharmacology 79:137–141
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Evans SH, Anastasio EJ (1968) Misuse of analysis of covariance when treatment effect and covariate are confounded. Psychol Bull 69:225–234
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Giles HG, MacLeod SM, Wright JR, Sellers EM (1978) Influence of age and previous use on diazepam dosage required for endoscopy. Can Med Assoc J 118:513–514
PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Gilmore G, Royer FL, Gruhn JJ (1983) Age differences in symboldigit substitution. J Clin Psychol 39:114–124
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Abernethy DR, Moschitto LJ, Smith RB, Shader RI (1983a) Alprazolam kinetics in the elderly: relation to antipyrine disposition. Arch Gen Psychiatry 40:287–290
PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Abernethy DR, Moschitto LJ, Smith RB, Shader RI (1983b) Reduced clearance of triazolam in old age: relation to antipyrine oxidizing capacity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15:303–309
PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Kaplan SA, Jack ML (1983) Metabolism of the benzodiazepines: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. In: Costa E (ed) Benzodiazepines: from molecular biology to clinical practice. Raven Press, New York, pp 173–199
Google Scholar
- Keppel G (1982) Design and analysis: a researcher's handbook, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Google Scholar
- Lader M (1979) Correlation of plasma concentrations of benzodiazepines with clinical effects. In: Priest RG, Pletscher A, Ward J (eds) Sleep research. University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 99–108
Google Scholar
- MacLeod SM, Giles HG, Patzalek G, Thiessen JJ, Sellers EM (1977) Diazepam actions and plasma concentrations following ethanol ingestion. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 11:345–349
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Nikaido AM, Ellinwood EH Jr, Heatherly DG, Dubow D (1987) Differential CNS effects of diazepam in elderly adults. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 27:273–281
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Pomara N, Stanley B, Block R, Guido J, Russ D, Berchou R, Stanley M, Greenblatt DJ, Newton RE, Gershon S (1984) Adverse effects of single therapeutic doses of diazepam on performance in normal geriatric subjects: relationship to plasma concentrations. Psychopharmacology 84:342–346
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Pomara N, Stanley B, Block R, Berchou RC, Stanley M, Greenblatt DJ, Newton RE, Gershon S (1985) Increased sensitivity of the elderly to the central depressant effects of diazepam. J Clin Psychiatry 46:185–187
PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Reidenberg MM, Levy M, Warner H, Coutinho CB, Schwartz MA, Yu G, Cheripko J (1978) Relationship between diazepam dose, plasma level, age and central nervous system depression. Clin Pharmacol Ther 23:371–374
PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Royer FL, Gilmore GC, Gruhn JJ (1981) Normative data for the symbol digit substitution task. J Clin Psychol 37:608–614
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Salthouse TA (1978) The role of memory in the age decline in digit-symbol substitution performance. J Gerontol 33:232–238
PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Salthouse TA (1982) Adult cognition. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg
Google Scholar
- SAS Institute (1982) SAS user's guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Cary, NC
Google Scholar
- Stephens RC, Haney CA, Underwood S (1982) Drug taking among the elderly. In: National Institute on Drug Abuse treatment research report and monograph series, DHHS Publication No. ADM 83-1229. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp 7–25
Google Scholar
- Storandt M, Hudson W (1975) Misuse of analysis of covariance in aging research and some partial solutions. Exp Aging Res 1:121–125
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Swift CG, Stevenson IH (1983) Benzodiazepines in the elderly. In: Costa E (ed) The benzodiazepines: from molecular biology to clinical practice. Raven Press, New York, pp 225–236
Google Scholar
- Wechsler D (1981) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-revised manual. The Psychological Corporation, Cleveland
Google Scholar
- Ziegler G, Ludwig L, Klotz U (1983) Relationships between plasma levels and psychological effects of benzodiazepines. Pharmacopsychiatry 16:71–76
Article CAS Google Scholar