Rats with low levels of brain docosahexaenoic acid show impaired performance in olfactory-based and spatial learning tasks (original) (raw)

References

  1. Salem, N., Jr., Kim, H.Y., and Yergey, J.A. (1986) Docosahexaenoic Acid: Membrane Function and Metabolism, in_The Health Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods_ (Simo, A.P., Kifer, R.R., and Martin, R., eds.), pp. 263–317, Academic Press, New York.
    Google Scholar
  2. Salem, N., Jr. (1989) Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Molecular and Biochemical Aspects, in_New Protective Roles of Selective Nutrients in Human Nutrition_ (Spiller, G., and Scala, J., eds.), pp. 109–228, Alan R. Liss, New York.
    Google Scholar
  3. Hamosh, M., and Salem, N., Jr. (1998) Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids,Biol. Neonate 74, 106–120.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  4. Benolken, R.M., Anderson, R.E., and Wheeler, T.G. (1973) Membrane Fatty Acids Associated with the Electrical Response in Visual Excitation,Science 182, 1253–1254.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  5. Bourre, J.-M., Grancois, M., Youyou, A., Dumont, O., Piciotti, M., Pascal, G., and Durand, G. (1989) The Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid on the Composition of Nerve Membranes, Enzymatic Activity, Amplitude of Electrophysiological Parameters, Resistance to Poisons and Performance of Learning Tasks in Rats,J. Nutr. 119, 1880–1892.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  6. Weisinger, H.S., Vingrys, A.J., and Sinclair, A.J. (1996) The Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Electroretinogram of the Guinea Pig,Lipids 31, 65–70.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  7. Carlson, S.E., Werkman, S.H., Rhodes, P.G., and Tolley, E.A. (1993) Visual-Acuity Development in Healthy Preterm Infants: Effect of Marine-Oil Supplementation,Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58, 35–42.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  8. Uauy, R.D., Birch, D.G., Birch, E.E., Tyson, J.E., and Hoffman, D.R. (1990) Effect of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Retinal Function of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Neonates,Pediatr. Res. 28, 485–492.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  9. Neuringer, M., Connor, W.E., Van Petten, C., and Barstad, L. (1984) Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency and Visual Loss in Infant Rhesus Monkeys,J. Clin. Invest. 73, 272–276.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  10. Neuringer, M., Connor, W.E., Lin, D.S., Barstad, L., and Luck, S. (1986) Biochemical and Functional Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal n-3 Deficiency on Retina and Brain in Rhesus Monkeys,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 4021–4025.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  11. Lamptey, M.S., and Walker, B.L. (1976) A Possible Essential Role for Dietary Linolenic Acid in the Development of the Young Rat,J. Nutr. 106, 86–93.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  12. Yamamoto, N., Saitoh, M., Moriuchi, A., Nomura M., and Okuyama, H. (1987) Effect of Dietary α-Linolenate/Linoleate Balance on Brain Lipid Compositions and Learning Ability of Rats,J. Lipid Res. 28, 144–151.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  13. Yamamoto, N., Hashimoto, A., Takemoto, Y., Okuyama, H., Normura, N., Kitajima, R., Togashi, T., and Tamai, Y. (1988) Effect of the Dietary α-Linolenate/Linoleate Balance on Lipid Compositions and the Learning Ability of Rats. II. Discrimination Process, Extinction Process, and Glycolipid Compositions,J. Lipid. Res. 29, 1013–1021.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  14. Mills, D.E., Young, R.P., and Young, C. (1988) Effects of Prenatal and Early Postnatal Fatty Acid Supplementation on Behavior,Nutr. Res. 8, 273.
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  15. Wainwright, P.E., Huang, Y.-S., Bulman-Fleming, B., Mills, D.E., Redden, P., and McCuteheon, D. (1991) The Role of n-3 Essential Fatty Acids in Brain and Behavioral Development: A Cross-Fostering Study in the Mouse,Lipids 26, 37.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  16. Wainwright, P.E., Ward, G.R., Winfield, D., Huang, Y.-S., Mills, D.E., and Ward, R.P. (1990) Effects of Prenatal Ethanol and Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Development in Mice: I. Body and Brain Growth, Sensorimotor Development, and Water T-Maze Reversal Learning,Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 14, 405.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  17. Wainwright, P.E., Huang, Y.-S., Bulman-Fleming, B., Levesque, S., and McCutcheon, D. (1994) The Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Combined with Environmental Enrichment on Brain and Behavior in Mice,Behav. Brain Res. 60, 125–136.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  18. Wainwright, P.E. (1993) Lipids and Behavior: The Evidence from Animal Models, in_Lipids, Learning, and the Brain: Fats in Infant Formulas_, Report of the 103rd Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, pp. 69–101, Ross Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio.
    Google Scholar
  19. Slotnick, B.M. (1990) Olfactory Perception in Animals, in_Comparative Perception, Volume I: Basic Mechanisms_, pp. 155–214, (Stebbins, W., and Berkley, M., eds.), John Wiley, New York.
    Google Scholar
  20. Slotnick, B.M. (1994) The Enigma of Olfactory Learning Revisited,Neuroscience 58, 1–12.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  21. Reeves, P.G., Neilsen, F.H., and Fahey, G.C. (1993) Committee Report on the AIN-93 Purified Rodent Diet,J. Nutr. 123, 1939–1951.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  22. Slotnick, B.M., and Risser, J.M. (1990) Odor Memory and Odor Learning in Rats with Lesions of the Lateral Olfactory Tract and Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus,Brain Res. 529, 23–29.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  23. Lu, X.-C.M., Slotnick, B.M., and Silberberg, A.M. (1993) Odor Matching and Odor Memory in the Rat,Physiol. Behav. 53, 795–804.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  24. Salem, N., Jr., Reyzer, M., and Karanian, J. (1996) Losses of Arachidonic Acid in Rat Liver After Alcohol Inhalation,Lipids 31, S?153-S?156.
    CAS Google Scholar
  25. Wainwright, P.E. (1992) Do Essential Fatty Acids Play a Role in Brain and Behavioral Development?Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 16, 193.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  26. Delion, S., Chalon, S., Herault, J., Guilloteau, D., Besnard, J.-C., and Durand, G. (1994) Chronic Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Deficency Alters Dopaminergic and Serotoninergic Neurotransmission in Rats,J. Nutr. 124, 2466–2467.
    PubMed CAS Google Scholar
  27. Ward, G., Woods, J., Reyzer, M., and Salem, N., Jr. (1996) Artificial Rearing of Infant Rats on Milk Formula Deficient in n-3 Essential Fatty Acids: A Rapid Method for the Production of Experimental n-3 Deficiency,Lipids 31, 71–77.
    Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar

Download references