Abegglen, J. J. 1984_On Socialization in Hamadryas Baboons_. Cranberry, New Jersey: Associated University Press. Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, L. 1986_Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society_. Berkeley: University of California Press. Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D., and K. M. Noonan 1979 Concealment of Ovulation, Parental Care, and Human Social Evolution. In_Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior_, N. Chagnon and W. Irons, eds. Pp. 436–453. North Scituate, Massachusetts: Duxbury Press. Google Scholar
Altmann, J. 1980_Baboon Mothers and Infants_. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar
Aucoin, P. M. 1990 Domestic Violence and Social Relations of Conflict in Fiji.Pacific Studies 13:23–43. Google Scholar
Bailey, R. C. 1988 The Significance of Hypergyny for Understanding Subsistence Behaviour among Contemporary Hunters and Gatherers. In_Diet and Subsistence: Current Archaeological Perspectives_, B. V. Kennedy and G. M. LeMoine, eds. Pp. 57–65. Calgary: University of Calgary Press. Google Scholar
1989_Time Allocation of Efe Pygmy Men and Women of the Ituri Forest, Zaire_. Cross-cultural Studies in Time Allocation, Vol. 3. New Haven: The Human Relations Area Files. Google Scholar
Bailey, R. C., and R. Aunger 1989 Significance of the Social Relationships of Efe Pygmy Men in the Ituri Forest, Zaire.American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78:495–507. Article Google Scholar
Begler, E. B. 1978 Sex, Status, and Authority in Egalitarian Society.American Anthropologist 80:571–588. Article Google Scholar
Bernstein, I. S., and C. L. Ehardt 1985 Agonistic Aiding: Kinship, Rank, Age, and Sex Influences.American Journal of Primatology 8:37–52. Article Google Scholar
Betzig, L. 1986_Despotism and Differential Reproduction: A Darwinian View of History_. Hawthorne, New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Google Scholar
1991 Medieval monogamy. Submitted to_Ethology and Sociobiology_.
Biocca, E. 1968_Yanoama: Recit d’une Femme Bresilienne Enlevee par les Indiens_. Translated by Gabrielle Cabrini. Paris: Plon. Google Scholar
Bleier, R. 1984_Science and Gender: A Critique of Biology and Its Theories on Women_. New York: Pergamon Press. Google Scholar
Broude, G. J., and S. J. Greene 1978 Cross-cultural Codes on Twenty Sexual Attitudes and Practices.Ethnology 15:409–430. Article Google Scholar
Brown, J. K. 1991 Introduction: Definitions, Assumptions, Themes and Issues. In_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_, D. Counts, J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Brownmiller, S. 1975_Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape_. New York: Simon and Schuster. Google Scholar
Burbank, V. K. 1991 Fight! Fight!: Men, Women, and Interpersonal Aggression in an Australian Aboriginal Community. In_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_, D. Counts, J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Burgess, R. L., and P. Draper 1989 The Explanation of Family Violence: The Role of Biological, Behavioral, and Cultural Selection. In_Family Violence. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research_, Vol. 11, L. Ohlin and M. Tonry, eds. Pp. 59–116. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Bygott, J. D. 1972 Cannibalism among Wild Chimpanzees.Nature 238:410–411. Article Google Scholar
Campbell, J. 1964_Honour, Family, and Patronage: A Study of Institutions and Moral Values in a Greek Mountain Community_. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Google Scholar
Campbell, J. C. 1991 Cultural Contexts versus Western Social Sciences. In_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_, D. Counts, J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. 1983_Yanomamo: The Fierce People_, third ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Google Scholar
Chapais, B. 1983 Adaptive Aspects of Social Relationships among Adult Rhesus Monkeys. In_Primate Social Relationships: An Integrated Approach_, R. A. Hinde, ed. Pp. 171–175. Oxford: Blackwell. Google Scholar
Chisholm, J. 1988 Toward a Developmental Evolutionary Ecology of Humans. In_Sociobiological Perspectives on Human Development_, K. MacDonald, ed. New York: Springer-Verlag. Google Scholar
Collier, J. F., and M. Z. Rosaldo 1981 Politics and Gender in Simple Societies. In_Sexual Meanings: The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality_, S. B. Ortner and H. Whitehead, eds. Pp. 275–329. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Counts, D. A. 1990a Beaten Wife, Suicidal Woman: Domestic Violence in Kaliai, West New Britain.Pacific Studies 13:151–169. Google Scholar
1990b Domestic Violence in Oceania: Conclusions.Pacific Studies 13:225–254. Google Scholar
1991 “All Men Do It.” Wife Beating in Kaliai, Papua New Guinea. In_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_, D. Counts, J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Counts, D., J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. 1991_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Crockett, C. M., and R. Rudran 1987 Red Howler Monkey Birth Data II: Interannual, Habitat and Sex Comparisons.American Journal of Primatology 13:369–384. Article Google Scholar
Daly, Mary 1978_GynEcology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism_. Boston: Beacon Press. Google Scholar
Daly, Martin, and M. Wilson 1988_Homicide_. Hawthorne, New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Google Scholar
de Waal, F. B. M. 1982_Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex among Apes_. New York: Harper and Row. Google Scholar
Dickemann, M. 1981 Paternal Confidence and Dowry Competition: A Biocultural Analysis of Purdah. In_Natural Selection and Social Behavior: Recent Research and New Theory_, R. D. Alexander and D. W. Tinkle, eds. Pp. 439–475. New York: Chiron Press. Google Scholar
Draper, P. 1991 Room to Maneuver: !Kung Women Cope with Men. In_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_, D. Counts, J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Draper, P., and H. Harpending 1988 A Sociobiological Perspective on the Development of Human Reproductive Strategies. In_Sociobiological Perspectives on Human Development_, K. MacDonald, ed. New York: Springer-Verlag. Google Scholar
Estrich, S. 1987_Real Rape_. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar
Finkelhor, D., and K. Yllo 1985_License to Rape: Sexual Abuse of Wives_. New York: Free Press. Google Scholar
Flinn, M., and B. Low 1986 Resource Distribution, Social Competition, and Mating Patterns in Human Societies. In_Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution_, D. Rubenstein and R. W. Wrangham, eds. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar
Foley, R. A. 1989 The Evolution of Hominid Social Behavior. In_Comparative Socioecology_, V. Standen and R. A. Foley, eds. Oxford: Blackwell. Google Scholar
Friedl, E. 1975_Women and Men: An Anthropologist’s View_. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Google Scholar
Galdikas, B. M. F. 1985 Subadult Male Orangutan Sociality and Reproductive Behavior at Tanjung Puting.American Journal of Primatology 8:87–99. Article Google Scholar
Galdikas, B. M. F., and G. Teleki 1981 Variations in Subsistence Activities of Male and Female Pongids: New Perspectives on the Origins of Human Labor Divisions.Current Anthropology 22:241–256. Article Google Scholar
Gallin, R. S. 1991 Wife Abuse in the Context of Development and Change: A Chinese (Taiwanese) Case. In_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_, D. Counts, J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Gelber, M. G. 1986_Gender and Society in the New Guinea Highlands: An Anthropological Perspective on Antagonism toward Women_. Boulder: Westview Press. Google Scholar
Goodall, J. 1986_The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior_. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar
Goodall, J., A. Bandora, E. Bergmann, C. Busse, H. Matama, E. Mpongo, A. Pierce, and D. Riss 1979 Inter-community Interactions in the Chimpanzee Population of the Gombe National Park. In_The Great Apes_, D. A. Hamburg and E. R. McCown, eds. Pp. 13–53. Menlo Park: Benjamin/Cummings. Google Scholar
Gregor, T. 1990 Male Dominance and Sexual Coercion. In_Cultural Psychology_, J. W. Stegler, R. A. Shweder, and G. Herdt, eds. Pp. 477–495. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Hammerstein, P., and G. A. Parker 1987 Sexual Selection: Games between the Sexes. In_Sexual Selection: Testing the Alternatives_, J. W. Bradbury and M. B. Andersson, eds. Pp. 119–142. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Google Scholar
Hasegawa, T., and M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa 1983 Opportunistic and Restrictive Matings among Wild Chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania.Journal of Ethology 1:75–85. Article Google Scholar
Hausfater, G., and S. B. Hrdy, eds. 1984_Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives_. Hawthorne, New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Google Scholar
Hewlett, B. 1991_Intimate Fathers: The Nature and Context of Aka Pygmy Paternal Infant Care_. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar
Hiatt, L. R. 1965_Kinship and Conflict: A Study of an Aboriginal Community in Northern Arnhem Land_. Canberra: Australian National University. Google Scholar
Hill, K., and H. Kaplan 1988 Trade-offs in Male and Female Reproductive Strategies among the Ache: Parts 1 and 2. In_Human Reproductive Behavior_, L. Betzig, P. Turke, and M. Borgerhoff Mulder, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. 1977_The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction_. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar
1979 Infanticide among Animals: A Review, Classification, and Examination of the Implications for the Reproductive Strategies of Females.Ethology and Sociobiology 1:13–40. Article Google Scholar
1981_The Woman that Never Evolved_. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar
1986 Empathy, Polyandry, and the Myth of the Coy Female. In_Feminist Approaches to Science_, R. Bleier, ed. Pp. 119–146. New York: Pergamon Press. Google Scholar
Hutchings, N. 1988_The Violent Family: Victimization of Women, Children, and Elders_. New York: Human Sciences Press. Google Scholar
Irons, W. 1979 Investment and Primary Social Dyads. In_Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective_, N. A. Chagnon and W. Irons, eds. Pp. 181–213. North Scituate, Massachusetts: Duxbury Press. Google Scholar
1983 Human Female Reproductive Strategies. In_Social Behavior of Female Vertebrates_, S. Wasser, ed. Pp. 169–213. New York: Academic Press. Google Scholar
Kaplan, J. R. 1977 Patterns of Fight Interference in Free-ranging Rhesus Monkeys.American Journal of Physical Anthropology 47:279–288. Article Google Scholar
Katz, M., and M. Konner 1981 The Role of the Father: An Anthropological Perspective. In_The Role of the Father in Child Development_, M. Lamb, ed. Pp. 155–186. New York: John Wiley. Google Scholar
Kawanaka, K. 1981 Infanticide and Cannibalism in Chimpanzees with Special Reference to the Newly Observed Case in the Mahale Mountains.African Studies Monographs 1:69–99. Google Scholar
Keddy, A. C. 1986 Female Mate Choice in Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).American Journal of Primatology 10:125–134. Article Google Scholar
Kerns, V. 1991 Preventing Violence against Women: A Central American Case. In_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_, D. Counts, J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Koss, M. P., C. A. Gidycz, and N. Wisniewski 1987 The Scope of Rape: Incidence and Prevalence of Sexual Aggression and Victimization in a National Sample of Higher Education Students.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55:162–170. Article Google Scholar
Kummer, H. 1968_Social Organization of Hamadryas Baboons_. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Kummer, H., W. Gotz, and W. Angst 1974 Triadic Differentiation: An Inhibitory Process Protecting Pair Bonds in Baboons.Behaviour 49:62–87. Google Scholar
Lamphere, L. 1974 Strategies, Cooperation, and Conflict among Women in Domestic Groups. In_Women, Culture,and Society_, M. Z. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere, eds. Pp. 97–112. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar
Lancaster, J. B., and C. S. Lancaster 1983 Parental Investment: The Hominid Adaptation. In_How Humans Adapt: A Biocultural Odyssey_, D. J. Ortner, ed. Pp. 33–56. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Google Scholar
Lateef, S. 1990 Rule by the_Danda_: Domestic Violence among Indo-Fijians.Pacific Studies 13:43–62. Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, C. 1969_The Elementary Structures of Kinship_. Boston: Beacon Press. [originally published in 1949] Google Scholar
Levine, R. 1959 Gusii Sex Offenses: A Study in Social Control.American Anthropologist 61:956–990. Article Google Scholar
Levinson, D. 1989_Family Violence in Cross-Cultural Perspective_. Newbury Park, California: Sage. Google Scholar
Lewis, D. E. 1990 Tungara Conjugal Jealousy and Sexual Mutilation.Pacific Studies 13:115–126. Google Scholar
Lindburg, D. G. 1983 Mating Behavior and Estrus in the Indian Rhesus Monkey. In_Perspectives on Primate Biology_, P. K. Seth, ed. Pp. 45–61. New Delhi: Today and Tomorrow. Google Scholar
Llewelyn-Davis, M. 1981 Women, Warriors, and Patriarchs. In_Sexual Meanings: The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality_, S. B. Ortner and H. Whitehead, eds. Pp. 330–358. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Manson, J. 1991_Female Mate Choice in Cayo Santiago Rhesus Macaques_. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Google Scholar
Mathieu, N. 1989 When Yielding Is Not Consenting: Material and Psychic Determinants of Women’s Dominated Consciousness and Some of Their Interpretations in Ethnology, Part I.Feminist Issues 9:3–49. Article Google Scholar
1990 When Yielding Is Not Consenting: Material and Psychic Determinants of Women’s Dominated Consciousness and Some of Their Interpretations in Ethnology, Part II.Feminist Issues 10:51–90. Article Google Scholar
McGrew, W. G. 1981 The Female Chimpanzee as a Human Evolutionary Prototype. In_Woman the Gatherer_, F. Dahlberg, ed. Pp. 35–73. New Haven: Yale University Press. Google Scholar
McKee, L. 1991 Men’s Rights/Women’s Wrongs: Domestic Violence in Ecuador. In_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_, D. Counts, J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Meggitt, M. J. 1962_Desert People: A Study of the Walbiri Aborigines of Central Australia_. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. Google Scholar
Miller, B. D. 1991 Wife-beating in India: Variations on a Theme. In_Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives_, D. Counts, J. K. Brown, and J. C. Campbell, eds. Boulder: Westview Press, in press. Google Scholar
Mitani, J. C. 1985 Mating Behavior of Male Orangutans in the Kutai Reserve.Animal Behaviour 33:392–402. Article Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. E. 1990 Why Wape Men Don’t Beat Their Wives: Constraints toward Domestic Tranquility in a New Guinea Society.Pacific Studies 13:141–150. Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, C. C., and P. J. Higgins 1988 Anthropological Studies of Women’s Status Revisited: 1977–1987.Annual Review of Anthropology 17:461–495. Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. 1949_Social Structure_. New York: Macmillan. Google Scholar
Murphy, Y., and R. F. Murphy 1985_Women of the Forest_, second ed. New York: Columbia University Press. Google Scholar
Musil, A. 1928_The Manners and Customs of the Rwala Bedouins_. New York: Charles Crane. Google Scholar
Nash, J. 1990 Factors Relating to Infrequent Domestic Violence among the Nagovisi.Pacific Studies 13:127–140. Google Scholar
Nero, K. L. 1990 The Hidden Pain: Drunkenness and Domestic Violence in Palau.Pacific Studies 13:63–92. Google Scholar
Nishida, T. 1979 The Social Structure of Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. In_The Great Apes_, D. A. Hamburg and E. R. McCown, eds. Pp. 73–122. Menlo Park: Benjamin/Cummings. Google Scholar
1983 Alpha Status and Agonistic Alliance in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).Primates 24:318–336. Article Google Scholar
1990 A Quarter Century of Research in the Mahale Mountains: An Overview. In_The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies_, T. Nishida, ed. Pp. 3–35. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. Google Scholar
Nishida, T., and M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa 1985 Responses to a Stranger Mother-Son Pair in the Wild Chimpanzee: A Case Report.Primates 26:1–13. Article Google Scholar
1987 Chimpanzees and Bonobos: Relationships among Males. In_Primate Societies_, B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham, and T. T. Struhsaker, eds. Pp. 165–177. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Nishida, T., and K. Kawanaka 1985 Within-group Cannibalism by Adult Male Chimpanzees.Primates 26:274–284. Article Google Scholar
Nishida, T., H. Takasaki, and Y. Takahata 1990 Demography and Reproductive Profiles. In_The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies_, T. Nishida, ed. Pp. 63–97. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. Google Scholar
Ortner, S. B. 1978 The Virgin and the State.Feminist Studies 4:19–37. Article Google Scholar
1981 Gender and Sexuality in Hierarchical Societies: The Case of Polynesia and Some Comparative Implications. In_Sexual Meanings: The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality_, S. B. Ortner and H. Whitehead, eds. Pp. 359–409. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
1991 Gender Hegemonies.Cultural Critique 14 (Winter):35–80. Google Scholar
Otterbein, K. 1970_The Evolution of War_. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files. Google Scholar
1979 A Cross-Cultural Study of Rape.Aggressive Behavior 5:425–435. Article Google Scholar
Peristiany, J. G., ed. 1966_Honour and Shame: The Values of Mediterranean Society_. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Pusey, A. E. 1979 Intercommunity Transfer of Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park. In_The Great Apes_, D. A. Hamburg and E. R. McCown, eds. Pp. 465–480. Menlo Park: Benjamin/Cummings. Google Scholar
Quinn, N. 1977 Anthropological Studies on Women’s Status.Annual Review of Anthropology 6:181–225. Article Google Scholar
Raleigh, M. J., and M. T. McGuire 1989 Female Influences on Male Dominance Acquisition in Captive Vervet Monkeys,Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus.Animal Behavior 38:59–67. Article Google Scholar
Ransom, T. W. 1981_Beach Troop of the Gombe_. Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press. Google Scholar
Rodman, P. S. 1984 Foraging and Social Systems of Orangutans and Chimpanzees. In_Adaptations for Foraging in Nonhuman Primates: Contributions to an Organismal Biology of Prosimians, Monkeys, and Apes_, P. S. Rodman and J. G. H. Cant, eds. Pp. 134–160. New York: Columbia University Press. Google Scholar
Rodseth, L., B. B. Smuts, A. M. Harrigan, and R. W. Wrangham 1991 The Human Community as a Primate Society: Reply to Comments.Current Anthropology 32:429–433. Article Google Scholar
Rodseth, L., R. W. Wrangham, A. M. Harrigan, and B. B. Smuts 1991 The Human Community as a Primate Society.Current Anthropology 32:221–254. Article Google Scholar
Rubin, G. 1975 The Traffic in Women: Notes on the “Political Economy” of Sex. In_Toward an Anthropology of Women_, R. R. Reiter, ed. Pp. 157–210. New York: Monthly Review Press. Google Scholar
Russell, D. E. H. 1984_Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Workplace Harassment_. Newbury Park: Sage. Google Scholar
Sacks, K. 1975 Engels Revisited: Women, the Organization of Production, and Private Property. In_Toward an Anthropology of Women_, R. R. Reiter, ed. Pp. 211–234. New York: Monthly Review Press. Google Scholar
Sanday, P. R. 1981 The Socio-Cultural Context of Rape: A Cross-Cultural Study.Journal of Social Issues 37:5–27. Article Google Scholar
1990_Fraternity Gang Rape_. New York: New York University Press. Google Scholar
Schlegel, A., and H. Barry 1986 The Cultural Consequences of Female Contributions to Subsistence.American Anthropologist 88:142–150. Article Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. 1978 Social Relationships among Adult Male and Female Baboons, II. Behavior Throughout the Female Reproductive Cycle.Behaviour 64:227–247. Google Scholar
Shostak, M. 1981_Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman_. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar
Sigg, H., A. Stolba, J. J. Abegglen, and V. Dasser 1982 Life History of Hamadryas Baboons: Physical Development, Infant Mortality, Reproductive Parameters and Family Relationships.Primates 23:473–487. Article Google Scholar
Smuts, B. B. 1985_Sex and Friendship in Baboons_. Hawthorne, New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Google Scholar
1987 Gender, Aggression, and Influence. In_Primate Societies_, B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham, and T. T. Struhsaker, eds. Pp. 400–412. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
1991 The Origins of Gender Inequality: An Evolutionary Perspective. In_The Foundations of Gender Inequality_, A. Zagarell, ed. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University Press (submitted). Google Scholar
Smuts, B. B. 1992 Psychological Adaptations, Development, and Individual Differences.Behavioral and Brain Sciences. (Commentary on R. Thornhill and N. Wilmsen Thornhill, “The Evolutionary Psychology of Men’s Coercive Sexuality,” submitted.
Smuts, B. B., and D. J. Gubernick 1990 Male-Infant Relationships in Nonhuman Primates: Paternal Investment or Mating Effort? In_The Father’s Role: Cultural and Evolutionary Perspectives_, B. Hewlett, ed. Hawthorne, New York: Aldine de Gruyter, in press. Google Scholar
Smuts, B. B., and R. W. Smuts 1992 Male Aggression against Female Primates: Evidence and Theoretical Implications. In_Advances in the Study of Behavior_, P. J. B. Slater, J. S. Rosenblatt, M. Milinski, and C. T. Snowdon, eds. New York: Academic Press, (submitted). Google Scholar
Sommer, V. 1990 Infanticide among the Langurs of Jodhpur: Testing the Sexual Selection Hypothesis with a Long-term Record. In_Protection and Abuse of Young in Animals and Man_, S. Parmigiani, B. Svare, and F. vom Saal, eds. London: Harwood Academic Publishers, in press. Google Scholar
Sommer, V., and L. S. Rajpurohit 1989 Male Reproductive Success in Harem Troops of Hanuman Langurs (Presbytis entellus) near Jodhpur (Rajasthan/India).Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 16:245–248. Article Google Scholar
Stewart, K. J., and A. H. Harcourt 1987 Gorillas: Variation in Female Relationships. In_Primate Societies_, B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham, and T. T. Struhsaker, eds. Pp. 155–164. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Strauss, M. A. 1978 Wife-beating: How Common and Why?Victimology 2:443–458. Google Scholar
Struhsaker, T. T., and L. Leland 1987 Colobines: Infanticide by Adult Males. In_Primate Societies_, B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham, and T. T. Struhsaker, eds. Pp. 83–97. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Strum, S. C. 1987_Almost Human_. New York: Random House. Google Scholar
Symons, D. 1979_The Evolution of Human Sexuality_. New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Tanner, N. 1981_On Becoming Human_. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. 1972 Parental Investment and Sexual Selection. In_Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man, 1871–1971_, B. Campbell, ed. Pp. 136–179. Chicago: Aldine. Google Scholar
Tutin, C. E. G. 1979 Mating Patterns and Reproductive Strategies in a Community of Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 6:39–48. Article Google Scholar
van Schaik, C. P., and R. I. M. Dunbar 1990 The Evolution of Monogamy in Large Primates: A New Hypothesis and Some Crucial Tests.Behaviour 115:30–62. Google Scholar
Washburn, S. L., and C. S. Lancaster 1968 The Evolution of Hunting. In_Man the Hunter_, R. B. Lee and I. DeVore, eds. Pp. 293–303. Chicago: Aldine. Google Scholar
Watts, D. P. 1983_Foraging Strategies and Socioecology of Mountain Gorillas (Pan gorilla beringei)_. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago.
1989 Infanticide in Mountain Gorillas: New Cases and a Reconsideration of the Evidence.Ethology 81:1–18. Article Google Scholar
Whiting, J. W., and B. B. Whiting 1975 Aloofness and Intimacy between Husbands and Wives: A Cross-Cultural Study.Ethos 3:183–207. Article Google Scholar
Whyte, M. K. 1978_The Status of Women in Preindustrial Societies_. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar
Wolf, M. 1974 Chinese Women: Old Skills in a New Context. In_Toward an Anthropology of Women_, R. R. Reiter, ed. Pp. 157–172. New York: Monthly Review Press. Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. 1975_The Behavioural Ecology of Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania_. Ph.D. dissertation, Cambridge University.
1979 On the Evolution of Ape Social Systems.Social Science Information 18:334–368. Article Google Scholar
1980 An Ecological Model of Female-bonded Groups.Behaviour 75:262–300. Google Scholar
1982 Kinship, Mutualism, and Social Evolution. In_Current Problems in Sociobiology_, King’s College Sociobiology Group, eds. Pp. 269–290. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
1987 Evolution of Social Structure. In_Primate Societies_, B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham, and T. T. Struhsaker, eds. Pp. 282–296. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Zihlman, A. H. 1981 Women as Shapers of the Human Adaptation. In_Woman the Gatherer_, F. Dahlberg, ed. Pp. 75–120. New Haven: Yale University Press. Google Scholar