Rate and Severity of HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD): Correlations with Gp41 and iNOS (original) (raw)

• McArthur JC. (dy1997) NeuroAIDS: diagnosis and management. Hosp. Prac. Aug: 73–97.
• Navia BA, Jordan BD, Price RW. (1986) The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features. Ann. Neurol. 19: 517–524.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Price RW, Brew B, Sidtis J, Rosenblum M, Scheck AC, Cleary P. (1988) The brain in AIDS: central nervous system HIV-1 infection and AIDS dementia complex. Science 239: 586–592.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zheng J, Gendelman HE. (1997) The HIV-1 associated dementia complex: a metabolic encephalopathy fueled by viral replication in mononuclear phagocytes. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 10: 319–325.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Glass JD, Fedor H, Wesselingh SL, McArthur JC. (1995) Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: correlations with dementia. Ann. Neurol. 38: 755–762.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Takahashi K, Wesselingh SL, Griffin DE, McArthur JC, Johnson RT, Glass JD. (1996) Localization of HIV-1 in human brain using polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Ann. Neurol. 39: 705–711.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Koenig S, Gendelman HE, Orenstein JM, et al. (1986) Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy. Science 233: 1089–1093.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Dickson DW, Lee SC, Liu W, Brosnan CF. (1994) Microglial involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 20: 211–213.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Tornatore C, Chandra R, Berger JR, Major EO. (1994) HIV-1 infection of subcortical astrocytes in the pediatric central nervous system. Neurology 44: 481–487.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tornatore C, Meyers K, Atwood W, Conant K, Major E. (1994) Temporal patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcripts in human fetal astrocytes. J. Virol. 68: 93–102.
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Everall IP, Glass JD, McArthur J, Spargo E, Lantos P. (1994) Neuronal density in the superior frontal and temporal gyri does not correlate with the degree of human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Acta Neuropathol. 88: 538–544.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Wiley CA, Masliah E, Morey M, et al. (1991) Neocortical damage during HIV infection. Ann. Neurol. 29: 651–657.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Masliah E, Ge N, Morey M, DeTeresa R, Terry RD, Wiley CA. (1992) Cortical dendritic pathology in human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Lab. Invest. 66: 285–291.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Epstein LG, Gendelman HE. (1993) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the nervous system: pathogenetic mechanisms. Ann. Neurol. 33: 429–436.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Lipton SA, Gendelman HE. (1995) Dementia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. N. Engl. J. Med. 332: 934–940.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Teo I, Veryard C, Barnes H, et al. (1997) Circular forms of unintegrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA and high levels of viral protein expression: association with dementia and multinucleated giant cells in the brains of patients with AIDS. J. Virol. 71: 2928–2933.
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Pulliam L, Gascon R, Stubblebine M, McGuire D, McGrath MS. (1997) Unique monocyte subset in patients with AIDS dementia. Lancet 349: 692–695.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Brew BJ, Dunbar N, Penberton, Kaldor J. (1996) Predictive markers of AIDS dementia complex: CD4 count and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin. J. Infect. Dis. 174: 294–298.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Sacktor NC, Bacellar H, Hoover DR, et al. (1996) Psychomotor slowing in HIV infection: predictor of dementia, AIDS and death. J. Neurovirol. 2: 404–410.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Wiley CA, Achim CL. (1994) Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis is the pathological correlate of dementia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann. Neurol. 36: 673–676.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Brew BJ. (1996) Human immunodeficiency virus in brain and correlation with dementia. Ann. Neurol. 39: 828–829.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Pang S, Koyanagi Y, Miles S, Wiley C, Vinters HV, Chen IS. (1990) High levels of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA in brain tissue of AIDSdementia patients. Nature 343: 85–89.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Brew BJ, Pemberton L, Cunningham P, Law MG. (1997) Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with AIDS dementia stage. J. Infect. Dis. 175: 963–966.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Adamson DC, Wildermann B, Sasaki M, et al. (1996) Immunologic NO synthase: elevation in severe AIDS dementia and induction by HIV-1 gp41 Science 274: 1917–1921.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Wiley CA, Nelson JA. (1990) Human immunodeficiency virus: infection of the nervous system. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 160: 157–172.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Nuovo GJ, Alfieri ML. (1996) AIDS dementia is associated with massive, activated HIV-1 infection and concomitant expression of several cytokines. Mol. Med. 2: 358–366.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Chaisson RE, Keruly JC, Moore RD. (1995) Race, sex, drug use, and progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 333: 751–756.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Operskalski EA, Stram DO, Lee H, et al. (1995) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: relationship of risk group and age to rate of progression to AIDS. J. Infect. Dis. 172: 648–655.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Saah AJ, Munoz A, Kuo V, et al. (1992) Predictors of risk of development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome within 24 months among gay men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a report from the Multicenter Center AIDS Cohort Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 135: 1147–1155.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Von Overbeck J, Egger M, Smith GD, et al. (1994) Survival in HIV infection: do sex and category of transmission matter? Swiss HIV Cohort Study. AIDS 8: 1307–1313.
  Article Google Scholar
• Cunningham AL, Naif H, Saksena N, et al. (1997) HIV infection of macrophages and pathogenesis of AIDS dementia complex: interaction of the host cell and viral genotype. J. Leukoc. Biol. 62: 117–125.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Navia BA, Jordon BD, Price RW. (1986) The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features. Ann. Neurol 19: 517–524.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• McArthur JC. (1987) Neurologic manifestations of AIDS. Medicine 66: 407–437.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Portegies P, Enting RH, de Gans J, et al. (1993) Presentation and course of AIDS dementia complex: ten years of follow-up in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. AIDS 7: 669–675.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tozzi V, Narciso P, Galgani S, et al. (1993) Effects of zidovudine in 30 patients with mild to end-stage AIDS dementia complex. AIDS 7: 683–692.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Bouwman FH, Skolasky R, Hes D, et al. (1998) Variable progression of HIV-associated dementia. Neurology 50: 1814–1820.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Janssen RS, Cornblath DR, Epstein LG, McArthur J, Price RW. (1991) Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurological manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Report of a Working Group of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force. Neurology 41: 778–785.
  Article Google Scholar
• Price RW, Brew BJ. (1988) The AIDS dementia complex. J. Infect. Dis. 158: 1079–1083.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. (1975) Mini-Mental State: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiatr. Res. 12: 189–198.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Power C, McArthur JC, Johnson RT, et al. (1994) Demented and non-demented patients with AIDS differ in brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences. J. Virol. 68: 4643–4649.
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Toggas SM, Masliah E, Rockenstein EM, Rall GF, Abraham CR, Mucke L. (1994) Central nervous system damage produced by expression of the HIV-1 coat protein gp120 in transgenic mice. Nature 367: 188–193.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hill JM, Mervis RF, Avidor R, Moody TW, Brenneman DE. (1993) HIV envelope protein-induced neuronal damage and retardation of behavioral development in rat neonates. Brain Res. 603: 222–233.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Bukrinsky MI, Nottet HS, Schmidtmayerova H, et al. (1995) Regulation of nitric oxide synthase activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected monocytes: implications for HIV-associated neurological disease. J. Exp. Med. 181: 735–745.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Bagasra O, Bobroski L, Sarker A, Bagasra A, Saikumari P, Pomerantz RJ. (1997) Absence of the inducible from of nitric oxide synthase in the brains of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Neurovirol. 3: 153–167.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Portegies P. (1995) The Neurology of HIV-1 Infection. MediTech Media, London.
  Google Scholar
• Levy JA. (1993) The transmission of HIV and factors influencing progression to AIDS. Am. J. Med. 95: 86–100.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Galli RA, Castriciano S, Fearon M, Major C, Choi KW, Mahony J, Chernesky M. (1996) Performance characteristics of recombinant enzyme immunoassay to detect antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 and to measure early antibody responses in seroconverting patients. J. Clin. Microbiol 34: 999–1002.
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Pudney J, Anderson D. (1995) Effects of fixation and paraffin embedding on the immunohistological detection of cell-associated HIV-1 by different monoclonal antibodies. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 43: 857–862.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Portincasa P, Conti G, Zannino T, Visalli S, Chezzi C. (1994) Radioimmune western blotting in comparison with conventionalwestern blotting, second and third generation ELISA assays for the serodiagnosis of HIV-1 infection. New Microbiol 17: 169–176.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Flaherty MT, Hauer DA, Mankowski JL, Zink MC, Clements JE. (1997) Molecular and biological characterization of a neurovirulent molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 71: 5790–5798.
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Bird C, Burke J, Gleeson PA, McCluskey J. (1990) Expression of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) envelope gene products transcribed from a heterologous promoter. Kinetics of HIV-1 envelope processing in transfected cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 19151–19157.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Egan MA, Carruth LM, Rowell JF, Yu X, Siliciano RF. (1996) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein endocytosis mediated by a highly conserved intrinsic internalization signal in the cytoplasmic domain of gp41 is suppressed in the presence of the Pr55gag precursor protein. J. Virol. 70: 6547–6556.
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Koka P, He K, Camerini D, Tran T, Yashar SS, Merrill JE. (1995) The mapping of HIV-1 gp160 epitopes required for interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production in glial cells. J. Neuroimmunol. 57: 179–191.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Koka P, He K, Zack JA, et al. (1995) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope proteins induce interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide in glial cultures derived from fetal, neonatal, and adult human brain. J. Exp. Med. 182: 941–951.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Rabenstein MD, Shin YK. (1995) HIV-1 gp41 tertiary structure studied by EPR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 35: 13922–13928.
  Article Google Scholar
• Wingfield PT, Stahl SJ, Kaufman J, et al. (1997) The extracellular domain of immunodeficiency virus gp41 protein: expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and crystallization. Protein Sci. 6: 1653–1660.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Adamson, DC, Kopnisky KL, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. (1999) Mechanisms and structural determinants of HTV-1 coat protein, gp41-induced neurotoxicity. J. Neurosci. 19: 64–71.
  Article CAS Google Scholar