The Aitik Cu–Au–Ag deposit in northern Sweden: a product of high salinity fluids (original) (raw)
References
Adshead ND, Voulgaris P, Muscio VN (1998) Osborne copper–gold deposit. In: Berkman DA, Mackenzie DH (eds) Geology of Australian and Papua New Guinean mineral deposits. The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, pp 793–799
Baker T (1998) Alteration, mineralization and fluid evolution at the Eloise Cu–Au deposit, Cloncurry district, Northwestern Queensland, Australia. Econ Geol 93:1213–1236 CAS Google Scholar
Barton MD, Johnson DA (1996) Evaporitic-source model for igneous-related Fe oxide-(REE–Cu–Au–U) mineralization. Geology 24:259–262 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Behr HJ, Horn EE (1982) Fluid inclusion systems in metaplaya deposits and their relationships to mineralization and tectonics. Chem Geol 37:173–189 CAS Google Scholar
Bergman S, Kübler L, Martinsson O (2001) Description of regional geological and geophysical maps of northern Norrbotten county. Geol Surv Sweden Ba 56:5–100 Google Scholar
Billström K, Martinsson O (2000) Links between epigenetic Cu–Au mineralizations and magmatism/deformation in the Norrbotten county, Sweden. 2nd GEODE-Fennoscandian Shield field workshop on Palaeoproterozoic and Archean greenstone belts and VMS district in the Fennoscandian Shield. Luleå University of Technology, Research report 2000:6
Broman C, Martinsson O (2000) Fluid inclusions in epigenetic Fe–Cu–Au ores in northern Norrbotten. 2nd GEODE-Fennoscandian Shield field workshop on Palaeoproterozoic and Archean greenstone belts and VMS district in the Fennoscandian Shield. Luleå University of Technology, Research report 2000:6
Burke EAJ, Lustenhouwer WJ (1987) The application of multichannel laser Raman microprobe (Microdil-28) to the analysis of fluid inclusions. Chem Geol 61:11–17 CAS Google Scholar
Cannell J, Davidson GJ (1998) A carbonate-dominated copper–cobalt breccia-vein system at the Great Australia deposit; Mount Isa Eastern Succession. Econ Geol 93:1406–1421 CAS Google Scholar
Davis DW, Lowenstein TK, Spencer RJ (1990) Melting behaviour of fluid inclusions in laboratory-grown halite crystals in the systems NaCl–H2O, NaCl–KCl–H2O, NaCl–MgCl2–H2O and NaCl–CaCl2–H2O. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 456:591–601 Google Scholar
Dilles JH, Einaudi MT (1992) Wall-rock alteration and hydrothermal flow paths about the Ann-Mason porphyry copper deposit, Nevada A 6-km vertical reconstruction. Econ Geol 87:1963–2001 CAS Google Scholar
Dilles JH, Einaudi MT, Proffett J, Barton MD (2000) Overview of the Yerington porphyry copper district: magmatic to nonmagmatic sources of hydrothermal fluids: their flow paths and alteration effects on rocks and Cu–Mo–Fe–Au ores. In: Thompson T (eds) Contrasting styles of intrusion-associated hydrothermal systems. Soc Econ Geol, Guidebook series 32:55–66
Eastoe CJ, Eadington PJ (1986) High-temperature fluid inclusions and the role of the biotite granodiorite in mineralization at the Panguna porphyry copper deposit, Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. Econ Geol 81:478–483 CAS Google Scholar
Ettner DC, Bjørlykke A, Andersen T (1994) A fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Proterozoic Bidjovagge Au–Cu deposit, Finnmark, northern Norway. Mineral Deposita 29:16–29 CAS Google Scholar
Frietsch R, Tuisku P, Martinsson O, Perdahl J-A (1997) Early Proterozoic Cu–(Au) and Fe ore deposits associated with regional Na-Cl metasomatism in northern Fennoscandia. Ore Geol Rev 12:1–34 Article Google Scholar
Griffith WP (1987) Advances in the Raman and infrared spectroscopy of minerals. In: Clark RJH, Hester RE (eds) Spectroscopy of inorganic-based materials. Wiley, New York, pp 119–186
Haynes FM, Titley SR (1980) The evolution of fracture-related permeability within the Ruby Star granodiorite, Sierrita porphyry copper deposit, Pima county, Arizona. Econ Geol 75:673–683 CAS Google Scholar
Hezarkhani A, Williams-Jones AE (1998) Controls of alteration and mineralization in the Sungun porphyry copper deposit, Iran: evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes. Econ Geol 93:651–670 CAS Google Scholar
Hitzman MW, Oreskes N, Einaudi MT (1992) Geological characteristics and tectonic setting of Proterozoic iron oxide (Cu–U–Au–REE) deposits. Precambrian Res 58:241–287 CAS Google Scholar
Huston DL, Bolger C, Cozens G (1993) A comparison of mineral deposits at the Gecko and White Devil deposits: implications for ore genesis in the Tennant Creek District, Northern Territory, Australia. Econ Geol 88:1198–1225 CAS Google Scholar
Johnson DA, Barton MD (2000) Time–space development of an external brine-dominated, igneous-driven hydrothermal system: Humboldt mafic complex, western Nevada. In: Thompson T (eds) Contrasting styles of intrusion-associated hydrothermal systems. Soc Econ Geol, Guidebook series 32:127–143
Kontturi M, Martinsson O (2000) Gold in the Aitik Cu–Au deposit, Gellivare area, northern Sweden. 2nd GEODE-Fennoscandian Shield field workshop on Palaeoproterozoic and Archean greenstone belts and VMS district in the Fennoscandian Shield. Luleå University of Technology, Research report 2000:6
Kusakabe M, Hori M, Matsuhisa Y (1990) Primary mineralization-alteration of the El Teniente and Rio Blanco porphyry copper deposits, Chile. Stable isotopes, fluid inclusions and Mg2+/Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios of hydrothermal biotite. Geology Department and Extension service, University of Western Australia, vol 23, pp 244–259
Lindblom S, Broman C, Martinsson O (1996) Magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in the Pahtohavare Cu–Au deposit in greenstone at Kiruna, Sweden. Miner Deposita 31:307–318 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Marschik R, Singer BS, Munizaga F, Tassinari C, Moritz R, Fontboté L (1997) Age of Cu(–Fe)–Au mineralization and thermal evolution of the Punta del Cobre district, Chile. Miner Deposita 32:531–546 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Martinsson O (1997) Paleoproterozoic greenstones at Kiruna in northern Sweden: a product of continental rifting and associated mafic–ultramafic volcanism. Paper I in Tectonic setting and metallogeny of the Kiruna greenstones. PhD Thesis, Luleå University of Technology Google Scholar
Martinsson O (2001) Geology and metallogeny of the northern Norrbotten Fe–Cu–Au province. In: Allen RL, Martinsson O, Weihed P (eds) Svecofennian ore-forming environments field trip volcanic: associated Zn–Cu–Au–Ag and magnetite–apatite, sediment-hosted Pb–Zn, and intrusion-associated Cu–Au deposits in northern Sweden. Guidebook prepared for the Society of Economic Geologists Pre-meeting field trip, 18–25 August 2001
Martinsson O, Wanhainen C (2001) Character of Cu–Au mineralizations and related hydrothermal alterations along the Nautanen deformation zone, Gällivare area, northern Sweden. In: Allen RL, Martinsson O, Weihed P (eds) Svecofennian ore-forming environments field trip volcanic-associated Zn–Cu–Au–Ag and magnetite-apatite, sediment-hosted Pb–Zn, and intrusion-associated Cu–Au deposits in northern Sweden. Guidebook prepared for the Society of Economic Geologists Pre-meeting field trip, 18–25 August 2001
Martinsson O, Hallberg A, Broman C, Godin-Jonasson L, Kisiel T, Fallick A (1997) Viscaria—a syngenetic exhalative Cu-deposit in the Paleoproterozoic Kiruna Greenstones. Paper II Tectonic setting and metallogeny of the Kiruna greenstones. PhD Thesis, Luleå University of Technology
Monro D (1988) The geology and genesis of the Aitik copper–gold deposit, Arctic Sweden. PhD Thesis, University of Wales, College of Cardiff
Nash JT (1976) Fluid-inclusion petrology: data from porphyry copper deposits and applications to exploration. US Geol Surv Prof Paper 907-D
Oakes CS, Bodnar RJ, Simonson JM (1990) The system NaCl–CaCl2–H2O: I. The ice liquidus at 1 atm total pressure. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:603–610 CAS Google Scholar
Oliver NHS (1995) Hydrothermal history of the Mary Kathleen Fold Belt, Mt Isa Block, Queensland. Aust J Earth Sci 42:267–279 Google Scholar
Oreskes N, Einaudi MT (1992) Origin of hydrothermal fluids at Olympic Dam: preliminary results from fluid inclusion and stable isotopes. Econ Geol 87:64–90 CAS Google Scholar
Perring CS, Pollard PJ, Dong G, Nunn AJ, Blake KL (2000) The Lightning Creec Sill Complex, Cloncurry District, Northwestern Queensland: a source of fluids for the Fe oxide Cu–Au mineralization and sodic–calcic alteration. Econ Geol 95:1037–1089 Google Scholar
Pollard PJ (2001) Sodic(–calcic) alteration in Fe-oxide–Cu–Au districts: an origin via unmixing of magmatic H2O–CO2–NaCl ± CaCl2–KCl fluids. Miner Deposita 36:93–100 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Potter RW, Babcock RS, Brown DL (1977) A new method for determining the solubility of salts in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures. J Res US Geol Surv 5:389–395 CAS Google Scholar
Quan RA, Cloke PL, Kesler SE (1987) Chemical analyses of halite trend inclusions from the Granisle porphyry copper deposit, British Columbia. Econ Geol 82:1912–1930 CAS Google Scholar
Reynolds TJ, Beane RE (1985) Evolution of hydrothermal fluid characteristics at the Santa Rita, New Mexico, porphyry copper deposit. Econ Geol 80:1328–1347 CAS Google Scholar
Roedder E (1971) Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado. Econ Geol 66:98–120 CAS Google Scholar
Roedder E (1984) Fluid inclusions. Mineralogical Society of America. Rev Mineral 12
Selby D, Nesbitt BE, Muehlenbachs K, Prochaska W (2000) Hydrothermal alteration and fluid chemistry of the Endako porphyry molybdenum deposit, British Columbia. Econ Geol 95:183–202 CAS Google Scholar
Shepherd TJ, Rankin AH, Alderton DHM (1985) A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies. Blackie, Glasgow
Sillitoe RH (1973) The tops and bottoms of porphyry copper deposits. Econ Geol 68:799–815 CAS Google Scholar
Smith MP, Henderson P (2000) Preliminary fluid inclusion constraints on fluid evolution in the Bayan Obo Fe–REE–Nb deposit, inner Mongolia, China. Econ Geol 95:1371–1388 CAS Google Scholar
Stefanini B, Williams-Jones AE (1996) Hydrothermal evolution in the Calabona porphyry copper system (Sardinia, Italy): the path to an uneconomic deposit. Econ Geol 91:774–791 CAS Google Scholar
Ulrich T, Günter D, Heinrich CA (2001) The evolution of a porphyry Cu–Au deposit, based on LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions: Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina. Econ Geol 96:1743–1774 CAS Google Scholar
van den Kerkhof AM (1988) The system CO2–CH4–N2 in fluid inclusions: theoretical modelling and geological applications. PhD Thesis, Free University Press, Amsterdam
Vanko DA, Bodnar RJ, Sterner SM (1988) Synthetic fluid inclusions: VIII. Vapour-saturated halite solubility in part of the system NaCl–CaCl2–H2O, with application to fluid inclusions from oceanic hydrothermal systems. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:2451–2456 CAS Google Scholar
Vanko DA, Bonnin-Mosbah M, Philippot P, Roedder E, Sutton SR (2001) Fluid inclusions in quartz from oceanic hydrothermal specimens and Bingham, Utah porphyry-Cu deposit: a study with PIXE and SXRF. Chem Geol 173:227–238 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Vila T, Sillitoe RH, Betzhold J, Viteri E (1991) The porphyry gold deposit at Marte, northern Chile. Econ Geol 86:1271–1286 CAS Google Scholar
Wanhainen C, Martinsson O (1999) Geochemical characteristics of host rocks to the Aitik Cu–Au deposit, Gellivare area, northern Sweden. Proceedings of the fifth biennial SGA meeting and the tenth quadrennial IAGOD Meeting, London, 22–25 August 1999, Extended abstract, pp 1443–1446
Williams PJ, Dong G, Ryan CG, Pollard PJ, Rotherham JF, Mernagh TP, Chapman LH (2001) Geochemistry of hypersaline fluid inclusions from the Starra (Fe oxide)–Au–Cu deposit, Cloncurry district, Queensland. Econ Geol 96:875–883 CAS Google Scholar
Witschard F (1996) Bedrock map 28 K Gällivare, 1:50,000. Geol Survey of Sweden, Ai:98–101 (Swedish)
Xu G (2000) Fluid inclusions with NaCl–CaCl2–H2O composition from the Cloncurry hydrothermal system, NW Queensland, Australia. Lithos 53:21–35 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Yngström S, Nord AG, Åberg G (1986) A sulphur and strontium isotope study of the Aitik copper ore, northern Sweden. Geol Fören Stockholm Förh 108:367–372 Google Scholar
Zweifel H (1976) Aitik: geological documentation of a disseminated copper deposit—a preliminary investigation. Geol Surv Sweden C 720