Blood parasites in reptiles imported to Germany (original) (raw)
Auer H, Susani M (2008) Der erste autochthone Fall einer subkutanen Dirofilariose in Österreich. Wien Klin Wochenschr 120(4):104–106. doi:10.1007/s00508-008-1031-4
Ayala SC, Lee D (1970) Saurian malaria: development of sporozoites in two species of Phlebotomine sandflies. Science 167(3919):891–892 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bain O, Wanji S, Petit G, Paperna I, Finkelman S (1993) Filaires Splendidofilariinae de lézards: nouvelles espèces, redescription, cycle chez phlébotome. Syst Parasitol 26(2):97–115. doi:10.1007/bf00009217 Article Google Scholar
Bartlett CM (1986) The reptilian filarioid genus Foleyella Seurat, 1917 (Onchocercidae: Dirofilariinae) and its relationship to other dirofilariine genera. Syst Parasitol 9(1):43–56. doi:10.1007/bf00009896 Article Google Scholar
Binder T, Diem H, Fuchs R, Gutensohn K, Nebe T (2012) Pappenheim stain: description of a hematological standard stain—history, chemistry, procedure, artifacts and problem solutions. Laboratoriumsmedizin, vol 36. doi:10.1515/labmed-2012-0027
Bolette DP (1998) Foleyella candezei (Onchocercidae: Dirofilariinae) from a Fischer’s chameleon, Bradypodion fischeri (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) with a comment on the synonymy of F. candezei. J Parasitol 84(5):1034–1035 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bristovetzky M, Paperna I (1990) Life cycle and transmission of Schellackia cf. agamae, a parasite of the starred lizard Agama stellio. Int J Parasitol 20(7):883–892. doi:10.1016/0020-7519(90)90026-j Article Google Scholar
Brygoo ER (1963a) Contribution à la connaissance de la parasitologie des caméléons malgaches. Masson, Paris Google Scholar
Brygoo ER (1963b) Hématozoaires de reptiles malgaches. I. Trypanosoma therezieni n. sp. parasite des chaméléons de Madagascar. Infestation naturelle et expérimentale. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 31:133–141
Burridge MJ (2001) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) spread by the international trade in reptiles and their potential roles in dissemination of diseases. Bull Entomol Res 91(1):3–23 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Burridge MJ, Simmons LA, Allan SA (2000) Introduction of potential heartwater vectors and other exotic ticks into Florida on imported reptiles. J Parasitol 86(4):700–704 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Campbell TW (2012) Hematology of reptiles. In: Thrall MA, Weiser G, Allison R, Campbell TW (eds) Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 277–297
Cook CA, Smit NJ, Davies AJ (2010) Hemoproteids (Apicomplexa: Haemoproteidae) from South African tortoises (Cryptodira: Testudinidae). J Parasitol 96(6):1168–1172. doi:10.1645/ge-2527.1 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Czajka C, Becker N, Jöst H, Poppert S, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Krüger A, Tannich E (2014) Stable transmission of Dirofilaria repens nematodes, northern Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 20(2):329 ArticlePubMed Central Google Scholar
de Thoisy B, Michel JC, Vogel I, Vie JC (2000) A survey of hemoparasite infections in free-ranging mammals and reptiles in French Guiana. J Parasitol 86(5):1035–1040 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Dipeolu OO, Mutinga MJ (1989) Saurian malaria in Kenya: redescription of some Plasmodium species of lizards in Africa and a key for the identification of all reported species. Int J Trop Insect Sci 10(04):531–544. doi:10.1017/S1742758400021585 Article Google Scholar
Du Toit P (1937) A new piroplasm (Sauroplasma thomasi ng, n. sp.) of a lizard (Zonurus giganteus, Smith). Onderstepoort J Vet Sci Anim Ind 9:289–299 Google Scholar
Ewers WH (1968) Blood parasites of some New Guinea reptiles and amphibia. J Parasitol 54(1):172–174 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fèvre EM, Bronsvoort BMDC, Hamilton KA, Cleaveland S (2006) Animal movements and the spread of infectious diseases. Trends Microbiol 14(3):125–131 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Harrus S, Baneth G (2005) Drivers for the emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne protozoal and bacterial diseases. Int J Parasitol 35(11–12):1309–1318 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hull RW, Camin JH (1960) Haemogregarines in snakes: the incidence and identity of the erythrocytic stages. J Parasitol 46(4):515–523 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Irizarry-Rovira AR, Wolf A, Bolek M, Christian JA, DeNicola DB (2002) Blood smear from a wild-caught panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis). Vet Clin Pathol 31(3):129–132 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Jakes KA, O’Donoghue PJ, Adlard RD (2001) Phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma chelodina and Trypanosoma binneyi from Australian tortoises and platypuses inferred from small subunit rRNA analyses. Parasitol 123(Pt 5):483–487 CAS Google Scholar
Keller L, Hartmann K, Wess G (2007) Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht kutaner Dirofilariose. Tierärztl Prax Kleintiere 35(1):31–34
Kenny MJ, Shaw SE, Hillyard PD, Forbes AB (2004) Ectoparasite and haemoparasite risks associated with imported exotic reptiles. Vet Rec 154(14):434–435 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Klein N (2006) Verhalten, Haltung und Nachzucht von Pelusios castaneus. Radiata 15(3):12–18 Google Scholar
Klein TA, Young DG, Telford SR Jr, Kimsey R (1987) Experimental transmission of Plasmodium mexicanum by bites of infected Lutzomyia vexator (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Am Mosq Control Assoc 3(2):154–164 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Klein TA, Young DG, Greiner EC, Telford SR Jr, Butler JF (1988) Development and experimental transmission of Schellackia golvani and Schellackia occidentalis by ingestion of infected blood-feeding arthropods. Int J Parasitol 18(2):259–267. doi:10.1016/0020-7519(88)90066-5 Article Google Scholar
Kronefeld M, Kampen H, Sassnau R, Werner D (2014) Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany. Parasitol Vectors 7(1):30 Article Google Scholar
Lainson R, Landau I, Shaw JJ (1971) On a new family of non-pigmented parasites in the blood of reptiles: Garniidae fam. nov., (Coccidiida: Haemosporidiidea). Some species of the new genus Garnia. Int J Parasitol 1(3–4):241–250. doi:10.1016/0020-7519(71)90027-0 Article Google Scholar
Maier WA, Grunewald J, Habedank B, Hartelt K, Kampen H, Kimmig P, Naucke T, Oehme R, Vollmer A, Schöler A (2001) Possible effects of climatic changes on the distribution of arthropode(vector)-borne infectious diseases and human parasites in Germany. Umweltbundesamt Forschungsbericht 200 61 218/11.
Majlathova V, Majlath I, Haklova B, Hromada M, Ekner A, Antczak M, Tryjanowski P (2010) Blood parasites in two co-existing species of lizards (Zootoca vivipara and Lacerta agilis). Parasitol Res 107(5):1121–1127. doi:10.1007/s00436-010-1981-0 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Manzanell R (1982) Oswaldofilaria spp. (Filarioidea, Nematoda) in Australian agamid lizards with a description of a new species and a redescription of O. chlamydosauri (Breinl). Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 57(2):127–143 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Melaun C, Krüger A, Werblow A, Klimpel S (2014) New record of the suspected leishmaniasis vector Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908 (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)—the northernmost phlebotomine sandfly occurrence in the Palearctic region. Parasitol Res 113(6):2295–2301. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-3884-y ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Mihalca AD, Racka K, Gherman C, Ionescu DT (2008) Prevalence and intensity of blood apicomplexan infections in reptiles from Romania. Parasitol Res 102(5):1081–1083. doi:10.1007/s00436-008-0912-9 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mutschmann F (2002) Parasiten des Blutes bei Reptilien. Prakt Tierarzt 82(2)
Njagu Z, Mihok S, Kokwaro E, Verloo D (1999) Isolation of Trypanosoma brucei from the monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus) in an endemic focus of Rhodesian sleeping sickness in Kenya. Acta Trop 72(2):137–148 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Obiamiwe BA, Iredu VI (1982) Periodicity of the microfilariae of Foleyella agamae (Rodhain, 1906) infecting the rainbow lizard, Agama agama. Folia Parasitol 29(4):315–320 Google Scholar
Obiamiwe BA, Ohagi IE, Ugbomoiko US (1995) Morphology and cytology study of Foleyella agamae complex (Nematoda: Filarinae) infecting the agamid lizard Agama agama in Nigeria. Parasitol Res 81(6):527–530 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Oosthuizen JH (1979) Redescription of Placobdella multistriata (Johansson, 1909) (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae). Koedoe 22:61–79 Article Google Scholar
Paperna I (1989) Developmental cycle of chelonian haemogregarines in leeches with extra-intestinal multiple sporozoite oocysts and a note on the blood stages in the chelonian hosts. Dis Aquat Org 7(2):149–153 Article Google Scholar
Pereira FB, Souza Lima S, Bain O (2010) Oswaldofilaria chabaudi n. sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from a South American tropidurid lizard (Squamata: Iguania) with an update on Oswaldofilariinae. Parasite 17(4):307–318 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pessôa SB (1968) Trypanosoma hogei n. sp., parasite of the false cobra (Rhachidelus brazili Boul.). Hospital (Rio J) 73(4):1257–1262 Google Scholar
Pessôa SB, Fleury GC (1969) Duas novas species de tripanosomas parasitas de serpentes do Brasil. Rev Brasil Biol 29:81–86 Google Scholar
Pienaar UD (1962) Haematology of some South African reptiles. Witwatersrand Univ. Pr, Johannesburg Google Scholar
Pietzsch M, Quest R, Hillyard PD, Medlock JM, Leach S (2006) Importation of exotic ticks into the United Kingdom via the international trade in reptiles. Exp Appl Acarol 38(1):59–65. doi:10.1007/s10493-005-5318-0 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Rasheed S (1965) Some parasitic nematodes from the Cameroons (W. Africa). J Helminthol 39(1):67–100 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Reichenow E (1919) Der Entwicklungsgang der Haemococcidien Karyolysus u. Schellackia nov. gen. Sitz Ber Ges Naturf Freunde, Berlin, pp 440–447 Google Scholar
Robin LA (1936) Cycle évolutif d’un Hepatozoon de Gecko verticillatus. Ann Inst Pasteur 56:376–394 Google Scholar
Roca V, Galdon MA (2010) Haemogregarine blood parasites in the lizards Podarcis bocagei (Seoane) and P. carbonelli (Perez-Mellado) (Sauria: Lacertidae) from NW Portugal. Syst Parasitol 75(1):75–79. doi:10.1007/s11230-009-9206-6 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Rogier E (1977) Description et cycle biologique de Schellackia agamae (Laveran et Petit, 1909) Lankesterellidae parasite d’agames de République Centre Africaine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 13:9–13 Google Scholar
Sassnau R, Genchi C (2013) Qualitative risk assessment for the endemisation of Dirofilaria repens in the state of Brandenburg (Germany) based on temperature-dependent vector competence. Parasitol Res 112:2647–2652 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sassnau R, Dyachenko V, Pantchev N, Stockel F, Dittmar K, Daugschies A (2009) _Dirofilaria repens_-Befall in einem Schlittenhunde rudel im Land Brandenburg. Diagnose und Therapie der kaninen kutanen Dirofilariose. Tierärztl Prax 37(2):95
Sassnau R, Czajka C, Kronefeld M, Werner D, Genchi C, Tannich E, Kampen H (2014) Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis DNA findings in mosquitoes in Germany: temperature data allow autochthonous extrinsic development. Parasitol Res 113(8):3057–3061. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-3970-1
Sato H, Takano A, Kawabata H, Une Y, Watanabe H, Mukhtar MM (2009) Trypanosoma cf. varani in an imported ball python (Python reginus) from Ghana. J Parasitol 95(4):1029–1033. doi:10.1645/ge-1816.1 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Schall JJ, Marghoob AB (1995) Prevalence of a malarial parasite over time and space: Plasmodium mexicanum in its vertebrate host, the western fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis. J Anim Ecol 64(2):177–185 Article Google Scholar
Siddall ME, Desser SS (2001) Transmission of Haemogregarina balli from painted turtles to snapping turtles through the leech Placobdella ornata. J Parasitol 87(5):1217–1218 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sloboda M (2008) Harmless parasites with lifelong garantee—hemogregarine infections in boid and pythonid snakes. PhD Thesis, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno
Sloboda M, Kamler M, Bulantova J, Votypka J, Modry D (2007) A new species of Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) from Python regius (Serpentes: Pythonidae) and its experimental transmission by a mosquito vector. J Parasitol 93(5):1189–1198 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Smallridge CJ, Bull CM (2000) Prevalence and intensity of the blood parasite Hemolivia mariae in a field population of the skink Tiliqua rugosa. Parasitol Res 86(8):655–660 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sulahian A, Schacher JF (1968) Brygoofilaria agamae gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the lizard Agama stellio in Lebanon. J Parasitol 54:831–833 Article Google Scholar
Svahn K (1974) Incidence of blood parasites of the genus Karyolysus (Coccidia) in Scandinavian lizards. Oikos 25(1):43–53 Article Google Scholar
Svahn K (1976) A new piroplasm Sauroplasma boreale sp. n. (Haemosporidia, Theliriidae) from the sand lizard Lacerta agilis. Norw J Zool 24:1–16 Google Scholar
Telford SR Jr (1988) Studies on African saurian malarias: five Plasmodium species from chamaeleons of the Uzungwe Mountains, Tanzania. Int J Parasitol 18(2):197–219 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Telford SR Jr (1993) A species of Schellackia (Apicomplexa: Lankesterellidae) parasitising east and southeast Asian lizards. Syst Parasitol 25(2):109–117. doi:10.1007/bf00009980 Article Google Scholar
Telford S Jr (1995a) The kinetoplastid hemoflagellates of reptiles. In: Kreier J (ed) Parasitic Protozoa, vol 10, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego Google Scholar
Telford SR Jr (1995b) Plasmodium spp. (Apicomplexa: Plasmodiidae) of the flying lizard Draco volans (Agamidae). Syst Parasitol 31(1):53–60 Article Google Scholar
Telford SR Jr (1995c) A review of trypanosomes of gekkonid lizards, including the description of five new species. Syst Parasitol 31(1):37–52. doi:10.1007/bf00009301 Article Google Scholar
Telford SR Jr (2009) Hemoparasites of the Reptilia: color atlas and text. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL Google Scholar
Tenter A, Schnieder T (2006) Erreger von Parasitosen: Taxonomie, Systematik und allgemeine Merkmale. In: Schnieder T (ed) Veterinärmedizinische Parasitologie, 6th ed. pp 26–72
Uilenberg G (1995) International collaborative research: significance of tick-borne hemoparasitic diseases to world animal health. Vet Parasitol 57(1–3):19–41 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
UN Comtrade, United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database, Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Statistics Division (2013) http://comtrade.un.org/db/. Accessed 11 December 2013
van Riper IIIC, Riper SGV, Goff ML, Laird M (1986) The epizootiology and ecological significance of malaria in Hawaiian land birds. Ecol Monogr 56(4):327–344. doi:10.2307/1942550 Article Google Scholar
Viola LB, Campaner M, Takata CSA et al (2008) Phylogeny of snake trypanosomes inferred by SSU rDNA sequences, their possible transmission by phlebotomines, and taxonomic appraisal by molecular, cross-infection and morphological analysis. Parasitol 138(5):595–605 Google Scholar
Woo P, Soltys MA (1969) The experimental infection of reptiles with Trypanosoma brucei. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 63(1):35–38 CASPubMed Google Scholar