Pseudodioon akyoli gen. et sp. nov., an extinct member of Cycadales from the Turkish Miocene (original) (raw)

Abstract

Fossil cycadalean leaves recorded from the Miocene plant assemblage of Soma, western Turkey, are described and assigned to an extinct genus and species, Pseudodioon akyoli. Leaf macromorphology suggests affinity with members of the Zamiaceae (subfam. Encephalartoideae), particularly with modern Dioon. Micromorphological features on the other hand indicate affinity with modern Cycas (Cycadaceae). Ordinary cells on the adaxial epidermis are isodiametric and are not differentiated into thick- and thin-walled cells. This is similar to Encephalartoideae-like fossils reported from the Cenozoic of the Northern Hemisphere, and even from the Mesozoic. Shared macromorphological traits of P. akyoli and other coeval Encephalartoideae-like fossil cycadalean leaves from Europe suggest that an extinct group of cycads inhabited southern Europe from the western part of Turkey, through Greece and France to Switzerland in the north during the Oligo-Miocene.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Károly Bóka for helping in cuticular preparations and SEM studies, to Kriszta Buczkó for assistance in SEM studies, and to Tanju Kaja for providing access to the fossil material of the Natural History Museum of the Aegean University, Izmir. We are also indebted to Paolo de Luca for providing access to the extant collection of the Botanical Garden of the University of Naples and to Mike Pole for obtaining extant material from the Toowong Botanical Gardens, Brisbane, Australia and for language corrections. Finally, we owe our thanks to Else Marie Friis and an anonymous reviewer for their useful and critical suggestions. Study trips to Turkey (Izmir, Soma) and the Botanical Garden of Naples (Italy) were supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK), and The National Research Council of Italy (CNR).

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Authors and Affiliations

1. Botanical Department, Hungarian Natural History Museum, POB 222, 1476, Budapest, Hungary
   Boglárka Erdei
2. Department of Geology, Dokuz Eylül University, 35100, Izmir-Bornova, Turkey
   Funda Akgün
3. Botanical Garden, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, 80139, Naples, Italy
   Maria Rosaria Barone Lumaga

Authors

1. Boglárka Erdei
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2. Funda Akgün
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3. Maria Rosaria Barone Lumaga
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Correspondence toBoglárka Erdei.

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Erdei, B., Akgün, F. & Barone Lumaga, M.R. Pseudodioon akyoli gen. et sp. nov., an extinct member of Cycadales from the Turkish Miocene.Plant Syst Evol 285, 33–49 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0253-x

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• Received: 05 December 2007
• Accepted: 19 November 2009
• Published: 22 December 2009
• Issue Date: March 2010
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0253-x

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