The Novel Tetramethylpyrazine Bis-nitrone (TN-2) Protects Against MPTP/MPP+-Induced Neurotoxicity via Inhibition of Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis (original) (raw)
Blum D, Torch S, Lambeng N, Nissou M, Benabid AL, Sadoul R, Verna JM (2001) Molecular pathways involved in the neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA, dopamine and MPTP: contribution to the apoptotic theory in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 65(2):135–172 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Chandra J, Samali A, Orrenius S (2000) Triggering and modulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 29(3–4):323–333 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Chang Y, Hsiao G, Chen SH, Chen YC, Lin JH, Lin KH, Chou DS, Sheu JR (2007) Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses HIF-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and activated caspase-3 expression in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain ischemia in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 28(3):327–333 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
de Lau LM, Breteler MM (2006) Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol 5(6):525–535 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Dexter DT, Carter CJ, Wells FR, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y, Lees A, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1989) Basal lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra is increased in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 52(2):381–389 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Durand G, Choteau F, Pucci B, Villamena FA (2008) Reactivity of superoxide radical anion and hydroperoxyl radical with alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) derivatives. J Phys Chem A 112(48):12498–12509 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ebadi M, Srinivasan SK, Baxi MD (1996) Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 48(1):1–19 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Endoh H, Kato N, Fujii S, Suzuki Y, Sato S, Kayama T, Kotake Y, Yoshimura T (2001) Spin trapping agent, phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone, reduces nitric oxide production in the rat brain during experimental meningitis. Free Radic Res 35(5):583–591 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Floor E, Wetzel MG (1998) Increased protein oxidation in human substantia nigra pars compacta in comparison with basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex measured with an improved dinitrophenylhydrazine assay. J Neurochem 70(1):268–275 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Floyd RA, Castro Faria Neto HC, Zimmerman GA, Hensley K, Towner RA (2013) Nitrone-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases: their use alone or in combination with lanthionines. Free Radic Biol Med 62:145–156 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gal S, Zheng H, Fridkin M, Youdim MB (2010) Restoration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in post-MPTP treatment by the novel multifunctional brain-permeable iron chelator-monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug, M30. Neurotox Res 17(1):15–27 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gao X, Zhao XL, Zhu YH, Li XM, Xu Q, Lin HD, Wang MW (2011) Tetramethylpyrazine protects palmitate-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in C2C12 myotubes. Life Sci 88(17–18):803–809 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
George JL, Mok S, Moses D, Wilkins S, Bush AI, Cherny RA, Finkelstein DI (2009) Targeting the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 7(1):9–36 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Hanrott K, Gudmunsen L, O’Neill MJ, Wonnacott S (2006) 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis is mediated via extracellular auto-oxidation and caspase 3-dependent activation of protein kinase Cdelta. J Biol Chem 281(9):5373–5382 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hayley S, Crocker SJ, Smith PD, Shree T, Jackson-Lewis V, Przedborski S, Mount M, Slack R, Anisman H, Park DS (2004) Regulation of dopaminergic loss by Fas in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson’s disease. J Neurosci 24(8):2045–2053 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
He XJ, Yamauchi H, Uetsuka K, Nakayama H (2008) Neurotoxicity of MPTP to migrating neuroblasts: studies in acute and subacute mouse models of Parkinson’s disease. Neurotoxicology 29(3):413–420 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hu JZ, Huang JH, Xiao ZM, Li JH, Li XM, Lu HB (2013) Tetramethylpyrazine accelerates the function recovery of traumatic spinal cord in rat model by attenuating inflammation. J Neurol Sci 324(1–2):94–99 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Jackson-Lewis V, Przedborski S (2007) Protocol for the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Nat Protoc 2(1):141–151 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Jenner P, Olanow CW (1998) Understanding cell death in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 44(3 Suppl 1):S72–S84 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kao TK, Chang CY, Ou YC, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Pan HC, Liao SL, Li GZ, Chen CJ (2013) Tetramethylpyrazine reduces cellular inflammatory response following permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Exp Neurol 247C:188–201 Article Google Scholar
Lang AE, Lozano AM (1998b) Parkinson’s disease. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med 339(16):1130–1143 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lee DH, Kim CS, Lee YJ (2011) Astaxanthin protects against MPTP/MPP + -induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production in vivo and in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 49(1):271–280 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Levites Y, Weinreb O, Maor G, Youdim MB, Mandel S (2001) Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 78(5):1073–1082 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Li W, Pi R, Chan HH, Fu H, Lee NT, Tsang HW, Pu Y, Chang DC, Li C, Luo J, Xiong K, Li Z, Xue H, Carlier PR, Pang Y, Tsim KW, Li M, Han Y (2005) Novel dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitor bis7-tacrine, but not donepezil, prevents glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J Biol Chem 280(18):18179–18188 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Liao SL, Kao TK, Chen WY, Lin YS, Chen SY, Raung SL, Wu CW, Lu HC, Chen CJ (2004) Tetramethylpyrazine reduces ischemic brain injury in rats. Neurosci Lett 372(1–2):40–45 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lin MT, Beal MF (2006) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 443(7113):787–795 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lin J, Puigserver P, Donovan J, Tarr P, Spiegelman BM (2002) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1beta (PGC-1beta), a novel PGC-1-related transcription coactivator associated with host cell factor. J Biol Chem 277(3):1645–1648 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Liu LX, Chen WF, Xie JX, Wong MS (2008) Neuroprotective effects of genistein on dopaminergic neurons in the mice model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Res 60(2):156–161 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25(4):402–408 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
O’Malley KL, Liu J, Lotharius J, Holtz W (2003) Targeted expression of BCL-2 attenuates MPP + but not 6-OHDA induced cell death in dopaminergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 14(1):43–51 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Puigserver P, Wu Z, Park CW, Graves R, Wright M, Spiegelman BM (1998) A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis. Cell 92(6):829–839 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ren Z, Ma J, Zhang P, Luo A, Zhang S, Kong L, Qian C (2012) The effect of ligustrazine on L-type calcium current, calcium transient and contractility in rabbit ventricular myocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 144(3):555–561 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Saito K, Kobayashi C, Ikeda M (2008) Effect of radical scavenger N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone on stroke in a rat model using a telemetric system. J Pharm Pharm Sci 11(4):25–31 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Shih YH, Wu SL, Chiou WF, Ku HH, Ko TL, Fu YS (2002) Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on kainate-induced excitotoxicity in hippocampal culture. Neuroreport 13(4):515–519 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Shin JH, Ko HS, Kang H, Lee Y, Lee YI, Pletinkova O, Troconso JC, Dawson VL, Dawson TM (2011) PARIS (ZNF746) repression of PGC-1alpha contributes to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Cell 144(5):689–702 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Song L, Song W, Schipper HM (2007) Astroglia overexpressing heme oxygenase-1 predispose co-cultured PC12 cells to oxidative injury. J Neurosci Res 85(10):2186–2195 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Soto-Otero R, Mendez-Alvarez E, Sanchez-Iglesias S, Zubkov FI, Voskressensky LG, Varlamov AV, de Candia M, Altomare C (2008) Inhibition of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative damage by 4,5-dihydro-3H-2-benzazepine N-oxides. Biochem Pharmacol 75(7):1526–1537 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Soto-Otero R, Mendez-Alvarez E, Sanchez-Iglesias S, Labandeira-Garcia JL, Rodriguez-Pallares J, Zubkov FI, Zaytsev VP, Voskressensky LG, Varlamov AV, de Candia M, Fiorella F, Altomare C (2012) 2-Benzazepine nitrones protect dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative toxicity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 345(8):598–609 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
St-Pierre J, Drori S, Uldry M, Silvaggi JM, Rhee J, Jager S, Handschin C, Zheng K, Lin J, Yang W, Simon DK, Bachoo R, Spiegelman BM (2006) Suppression of reactive oxygen species and neurodegeneration by the PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators. Cell 127(2):397–408 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sun Y, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Yu P, Wang L, Xu C, Liu W, Wang Y (2008) Antioxidative and thrombolytic TMP nitrone for treatment of ischemic stroke. Bioorg Med Chem 16(19):8868–8874 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sun Y, Yu P, Zhang G, Wang L, Zhong H, Zhai Z, Wang Y (2012a) Therapeutic effects of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone in rat ischemic stroke models. J Neurosci Res 90(8):1662–1669 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sun Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Yu P, Zhong H, Du J, Wang Y (2012b) Novel multi-functional nitrones for treatment of ischemic stroke. Bioorg Med Chem 20(12):3939–3945 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tan Z (2009) Neural protection by naturopathic compounds-an example of tetramethylpyrazine from retina to brain. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor 2(2):57–64 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Wang P, Zweier JL (1996) Measurement of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite generation in the postischemic heart. Evidence for peroxynitrite-mediated reperfusion injury. J Biol Chem 271(46):29223–29230 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Wang DQ, Wang W, Jing FC (2007) Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on brain oxidative damage induced by intracerebral perfusion of L-DOPA in rats with Parkinson’s disease. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 27(7):629–632 PubMed Google Scholar
Wareski P, Vaarmann A, Choubey V, Safiulina D, Liiv J, Kuum M, Kaasik A (2009) PGC-1{alpha} and PGC-1{beta} regulate mitochondrial density in neurons. J Biol Chem 284(32):21379–21385 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Yang L, Calingasan NY, Chen J, Ley JJ, Becker DA, Beal MF (2005) A novel azulenyl nitrone antioxidant protects against MPTP and 3-nitropropionic acid neurotoxicities. Exp Neurol 191(1):86–93 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Yang J, Ahn HN, Chang M, Narasimhan P, Chan PH, Song YS (2013) Complement component 3 inhibition by an antioxidant is neuroprotective after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in mice. J Neurochem 124(4):523–535 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Yokoyama H, Takagi S, Watanabe Y, Kato H, Araki T (2008) Role of reactive nitrogen and reactive oxygen species against MPTP neurotoxicity in mice. J Neural Transm 115(6):831–842 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Youdim MB, Geldenhuys WJ, Van der Schyf CJ (2007) Why should we use multifunctional neuroprotective and neurorestorative drugs for Parkinson’s disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 13(Suppl 3):S281–S291 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Zhang Z, Wei T, Hou J, Li G, Yu S, Xin W (2003) Tetramethylpyrazine scavenges superoxide anion and decreases nitric oxide production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Life Sci 72(22):2465–2472 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zhang C, Wang SZ, Zuo PP, Cui X, Cai J (2004) Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on learning and memory function in D-galactose-lesioned mice. Chin Med Sci J 19(3):180–184 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Zhang Z, Cui W, Li G, Yuan S, Xu D, Hoi MP, Lin Z, Dou J, Han Y, Lee SM (2012) Baicalein protects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity through activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 and involving PKCalpha and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. J Agric Food Chem 60(33):8171–8182 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zhao Q, Gao J, Li W, Cai D (2010) Neurotrophic and neurorescue effects of Echinacoside in the subacute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 1346:224–236 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar