Mammographic densities as a marker of human breast cancer risk and their use in chemoprevention (original) (raw)
Ingleby H, Gerson-Cohen J: Comparative Anatomy, Pathology and Roentgenology of the Breast. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press; 1960. Google Scholar
Wolfe JN: Breast patterns as an index of risk for developing breast cancer. Am J Roentgenol 1976, 126:1130–1139. CAS Google Scholar
Wolfe JN: Risk for breast cancer development determined by mammographic parenchymal pattern. Cancer 1976, 37:2486–2492. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Saftlas AF, Szklo M: Mammographic parenchymal patterns and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 1987, 9:146–174. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Oza AM, Boyd NF. Mammographic parenchymal patterns: a marker of breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 1993, 15:196–208. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Boyd NF, O’Sullivan B, Campbell JE, et al.: Mammographic signs as risk factors for breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1982, 45:185–193. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brisson J, Merletti F, Sadowsky NL: Mammographic features of the breast and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1982, 115:428–437. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brisson J, Morrison AS, Kopans DB: Height and weight, mammographic features of breast tissue, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1984, 119:371–381. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brisson J, Verreault R, Morrison A, et al.: Diet, mammographic features of breast tissue, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1989, 130:14–24. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wolfe JN, Saftlas AF, Salane M: Mammographic parenchymal patterns and quantitative evaluation of mammographic densities: a case-control study. Am J Roentgenol 1987, 148:1087–1092. CAS Google Scholar
Saftlas AF, Hoover RN, Brinton LA, et al.: Mammographic densities and risk of breast cancer. Cancer 1991, 67:2833–2838. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Boyd NF, Byng JW, Jong RA, et al.: Quantitative classification of mammographic densities and breast cancer risk: results from the Canadian National Breast Screening Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995, 87:670–675. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Byrne C, Schairer C, Wolfe J, et al.: Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: effects with time, age, and menopause status. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995, 87:1622–1629. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kato I, Beinart C, Bleich A, et al.: A nested case-control study of mammographic patterns, breast volume, and breast cancer (New York City, NY, United States). Cancer Causes Contol 1995, 6:431–438. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Easton DF, Ford D, Bishop DT: Breast cancer consortium: breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA1-mutation carriers. Am J Hum Genet 1995, 56:265–271. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Struewing JP, Hartge P, Wacholder S, et al.: The risk of cancer associated with specific mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Ashkenazi Jews. N Engl J Med 1997, 336:1401–1408. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Grove JS, Goodman MJ, Gilbert F: Factors associated with mammographic pattern. Br J Radiol 1985, 58:21–25. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Grove JS, Goodman MJ, Gilbert FI, Clyde D. Factors associated with breast structures in breast cancer patients. Cancer 1979; 43:1895–1899. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wolfe JN. Breast parenchymal patterns and their changes with age. Radiology 1976, 121:545–552. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Boyd NF, Greenberg C, Lockwood G, et al.: Effects at two years of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on radiologic features of the breast: results from a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997, 89:488–496. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kaufman Z, Garstin WIH, Hayes R, et al.: The mammographic parenchymal patterns of nulliparous women and women with a family history of breast cancer. Clin Radiol 1991, 43:385–388. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Whitehead J, Carlile T, Kopecky KJ, et al.: The relationship between Wolfe’s classification of mammograms, accepted breast cancer risk factors, and the incidence of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1985, 122:994–1006. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brisson J, Sadowski NL, Twaddle JA, et al.: The relation of mammographic features of the breast to breast cancer risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 1982, 115:438–443. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bergkvist L, Tabar L, Bergstrom R, Adami HO: Epidemiologic determinants of the mammographic parenchymal pattern: a population-based study within a mammographic screening program. Am J Epidemiol 1987, 126:1075–1081. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ernster VL, Sacks ST, Peterson CA: Mammographic parenchymal patterns and risk factors for breast cancer. Radiology 1980, 134:617–620. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
de Waard F, Rombach JJ, Collette HJA, Slotboom B: Breast cancer risk associated with reproductive factors and breast parenchymal patterns. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984, 72:1277–1282. PubMed Google Scholar
Kelsey JL, Gammon MD, John ES: Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993, 15:36–47. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Pike MC, Krailo MD, Henderson BE, et al.: ‘Hormonal’ risk factors, ‘breast tissue age’ and the age-incidence of breast cancer. Nature 1983, 303:767–770. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Rosner B, Colditz G: Nurses’ Health Study: log-incidence mathematical model of breast cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996, 88:359–364. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Spicer D, Pike M, Lobo R, et al.: Gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone agonists and prevention of familial breast cancer. Adv Cancer Control 1990, 339:193–199. CAS Google Scholar
Ursin G, Astrahan MA, Salane M, et al.: The detection of changes in mammographic densities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998, 7:43–47. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brisson J, Brisson B, Coté G, et al.: Tamoxifen and mammographic breast densities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000, 9:911–915. Mammograms from subjects in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project Cancer Prevention Trial showed a reduction in the number with high-risk breast patterns after 3 years of tamoxifen. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chow CK, Venzon D, Jones EC, et al.: Effect of tamoxifen on mammographic density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000, 9:917–921. Mammograms from patients participating in a pilot study of tamoxifen and 4-HPR showed a decrease in high-risk appearance after 2 years of tamoxifen. Quantitative methods of assessing mammograms showed larger effects of tamoxifen than did qualitative approaches. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Atkinson C, Warren R, Bingham SA, Day NE: Mammographic patterns as a predictive biomarker of breast cancer risk: effect of tamoxifen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999, 8:863–866. Mammograms in postmenopausal women with breast cancer show reduction in high-risk appearance after treatment with tamoxifen. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lundström E, Wilczek B, von Palffy Z, et al.: Mammographic breast density during hormone replacement therapy: differences according to treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999, 181:348–352. Continuous combination hormone replacement therapy increases breast density more than does estrogen alone, or cyclical combination therapy. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Rutter CM, Mandelson MT, Laya MB, et al.: Changes in breast density associated with initiation, discontinuation, and continuing use of hormone replacement therapy. JAMA 2001, 285:171–176. Compared with non-users, women starting hormone replacement therapy are more likely to show an increase in mammographic density, and those stopping are more likely to show a decrease in density. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Freedman F, San Martin J, O’Gorman J, et al.: Digitized mammography: a clinical trial of postmenopausal women randomly assigned to receive raloxifene, estrogen, or placebo. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001, 93:51–56. In a randomized trial of prevention for osteoporosis, estrogen increased mammographic density, whereas raloxifene did not increase or decrease density. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Byrne C, Colditz GA, Willet WC, et al.: Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, IGF-binding protein 3, and mammographic density. Cancer Res 2000, 60:3744–3748. A cross-sectional study in the cohort of the Nurses’ Health Study found higher blood levels of IGF-I to be associated with a greater degree of mammographic density. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wang DY, De Stavola BL, Bulbrook RD, et al.: The permanent effect of reproductive events on blood prolactin levels and its relation to breast cancer risk: a population study of postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1988, 24:1225–1231. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Reyes FI, Winter JSD, Faiman C: Pituitary-ovarian relationships preceding the menopause. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977, 129:557–564. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Andersen JR, Schroeder E, Lebech PE: The effect in postmenopausal women of natural human and artificial oestrogens on the concentration in serum of prolactin. Acta Endocrinol 1980, 95:433–437. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.: Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998, 90:1371–1388. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer: Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Lancet 1997, 350:1047–1059. Article Google Scholar