Emergency Department Hyperglycemia as a Predictor of Early Mortality and Worse Functional Outcome after Intracerebral Hemorrhage (original) (raw)
Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics–2009 Update. A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation; 2008.
Douglas MA, Haerer AF. Long-term prognosis of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1982;13:488–91. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Helweg-Larsen S, Sommer W, Strange P, Lester J, Boysen G. Prognosis for patients treated conservatively for spontaneous intracerebral hematomas. Stroke. 1984;15:1045–8. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C. A prospective study of acute cerebrovascular disease in the community: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project—1981–86. 2. Incidence, case fatality rates and overall outcome at one year of cerebral infarction, primary intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53:16–22. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kojima S, Omura T, Wakamatsu W, et al. Prognosis and disability of stroke patients after 5 years in Akita, Japan. Stroke. 1990;21:72–7. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Anderson CS, Chakera TM, Stewart-Wynne EG, Jamrozik KD. Spectrum of primary intracerebral haemorrhage in Perth, Western Australia, 1989–90: incidence and outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57:936–40. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Broderick J, Connolly S, Feldmann E, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Stroke. 2007;38:2001–23. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Steiner T, Kaste M, Forsting M, et al. Recommendations for the management of intracranial haemorrhage—part I: spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. The European Stroke Initiative Writing Committee and the Writing Committee for the EUSI Executive Committee. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;22:294–316. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Arboix A, Manzano C, Garcia-Eroles L, et al. Determinants of early outcome in spontaneous lobar cerebral hemorrhage. Acta Neurol Scand. 2006;114:187–92. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Seo W, Oh H. Acute physiologic predictors of mortality and functional and cognitive recovery in hemorrhagic stroke: 1-, 3-, and 6-month assessments. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;16:57–63. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Hanggi D, Steiger HJ. Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage in adults: a literature overview. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2008;150:371–9. (discussion 9). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Broderick JP, Brott TG, Duldner JE, Tomsick T, Huster G. Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage: a powerful and easy-to-use predictor of 30-day mortality. Stroke. 1993;24:987–93. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Christensen H, Boysen G. Blood glucose increases early after stroke onset: a study on serial measurements of blood glucose in acute stroke. Eur J Neurol. 2002;9:297–301. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Weir CJ, Murray GD, Dyker AG, Lees KR. Is hyperglycaemia an independent predictor of poor outcome after acute stroke? Results of a long-term follow up study. BMJ. 1997;314:1303–6. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Stead LG, Gilmore RM, Bellolio MF, et al. Hyperglycemia as an independent predictor of worse outcome in non-diabetic patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. Neurocrit Care. 2008;10:181–6. Article Google Scholar
Bruno A, Biller J, Adams HP Jr, et al. Acute blood glucose level and outcome from ischemic stroke. Trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) investigators. Neurology. 1999;52:280–4. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Demchuk AM, Morgenstern LB, Krieger DW, et al. Serum glucose level and diabetes predict tissue plasminogen activator-related intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1999;30:34–9. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lanzino G, Kassell NF, Germanson T, Truskowski L, Alves W. Plasma glucose levels and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1993;79:885–91. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chmielewska B, Hasiec T, Belniak-Legiec E. [The concentration of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and fructosamine in blood of patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the acute stage of the disease]. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska [Med]. 1995;50:123–30. CAS Google Scholar
Kothari RU, Brott T, Broderick JP, et al. The ABCs of measuring intracerebral hemorrhage volumes. Stroke. 1996;27:1304–5. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Williams LS, Yilmaz EY, Lopez-Yunez AM. Retrospective assessment of initial stroke severity with the NIH Stroke Scale. Stroke. 2000;31:858–62. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cheung CM, Tsoi TH, Hon SF, et al. Using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to predict the mortality and outcome of patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. Hong Kong Med J. 2008;14:367–70. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gilmore RM, Stead LG. The role of hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke. Neurocrit Care. 2006;5:153–8. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Song EC, Chu K, Jeong SW, et al. Hyperglycemia exacerbates brain edema and perihematomal cell death after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2003;34:2215–20. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lu A, Tang Y, Ran R, Ardizzone TL, Wagner KR, Sharp FR. Brain genomics of intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2006;26:230–52. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Mechanick JI. Metabolic mechanisms of stress hyperglycemia. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30:157–63. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Araki N, Greenberg JH, Sladky JT, Uematsu D, Karp A, Reivich M. The effect of hyperglycemia on intracellular calcium in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1992;12:469–76. PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kimura K, Iguchi Y, Inoue T, et al. Hyperglycemia independently increases the risk of early death in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurol Sci. 2007;255:90–4. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fogelholm R, Murros K, Rissanen A, Avikainen S. Admission blood glucose and short term survival in primary intracerebral haemorrhage: a population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:349–53. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tetri S, Juvela S, Saloheimo P, Pyhtinen J, Hillbom M. Hypertension and diabetes as predictors of early death after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2008;110:411–7. Google Scholar
Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Pathak P, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycemia and prognosis of stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic patients: a systematic overview. Stroke. 2001;32:2426–32. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Passero S, Ciacci G, Ulivelli M. The influence of diabetes and hyperglycemia on clinical course after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2003;61:1351–6. PubMed Google Scholar
Godoy DA, Pinero GR, Svampa S, Papa F, Di Napoli M. Hyperglycemia and short-term outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2008;9:217–29. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gray CS, Hildreth AJ, Sandercock PA, et al. Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK). Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:397–406. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ho CL, Ang CB, Lee KK, Ng IH. Effects of glycaemic control on cerebral neurochemistry in primary intracerebral haemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci. 2008;15:428–33. ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yong M, Kaste M. Dynamic of hyperglycemia as a predictor of stroke outcome in the ECASS-II trial. Stroke. 2008;39:2749–55. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar