A history of mesoscale model development (original) (raw)

References

• Anthes, R. A., and T. T. Warner, 1978: Development of hydrodynamic models suitable for air pollution and other mesometeorological studies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1045–1078.
  Article Google Scholar
• Arakawa, A., W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674–701.
  Article Google Scholar
• Beljaars, A. C. M., 1995: The parametrization of surface fluxes in large-scale models under free convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 255–270.
  Article Google Scholar
• Betts, A. K., and M. J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic air-mass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693–709.
  Google Scholar
• Blackadar, A. K., 1979: High resolution models of the planetary boundary layer. Advances in Science and Engineering. Vol. 1, No. 1, J. Pfafflin and E. Ziegler, Eds., Gordon and Breach, 50–85.
  Google Scholar
• Bougeault, P., and P. Lacarrere, 1989: Parameterization of orography-induced turbulence in a mesobeta-scale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1872–1890.
  Article Google Scholar
• Bubnova, R., G. Hello, P. Benard, and J.-F. Geleyn, 1995: Integration of the fully-elastic equations cast in the hydrostatic pressure terrain-following coordinate in the framework of the ARPEGE/ALADIN NWP system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 515–535.
  Article Google Scholar
• Carlson, T. N., and F. E. Boland, 1978: Analysis of urban-rural canopy using a surface heat flux/temperature model. J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 998–1013.
  Article Google Scholar
• Chen, F., and J. Dudhia, 2001: Coupling an advanced land-surface/ hydrology model with the Penn State/NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model description and implementation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 569–585.
  Article Google Scholar
• Clark, T. L., 1977: A small-scale dynamic model using a terrain-following coordinate transformation. J. Comput. Phys., 24, 186–215.
  Article Google Scholar
• Chou, M.-D., and M. J. Suarez, 1994: An efficient thermal infrared radiation parameterization for use in general circulation models. NASA Tech. Memo, 84 pp.
  Google Scholar
• Cotton, W. R., and G. J. Tripoli, 1978: Cumulus convection in shear flow-three-dimensional numerical experiments. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 1503–1521.
  Article Google Scholar
• Cullen, M. J. P., 1993: The Unified Forecast Climate model. Meteorol. Mag., 122, 81–94.
  Google Scholar
• Deardorff, J. W., 1972: Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 93–106.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, 1978: Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and moisture, with inclusion of a layer of vegetation, J. Geophys. Res., 83(C4), 1889–1903.
  Article Google Scholar
• Delsol, F., K. Miyakoda, and R. H. Clarke, 1971: Parameterized processes in the surface boundary layer of an atmospheric circulation model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 97, 181–208.
  Article Google Scholar
• Doms, G., and U. Schaettler, 1997: The nonhydrostatic limited-area model LM (Lokal-Modell) of DWD. Part I: Scientific Documentation. Deutscher Wetterdienst, 155 pp.
  Google Scholar
• Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077–3107.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, 1993: A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State / NCAR mesoscale model: Validation tests and simulations of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1493–1513.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, and J. F. Bresch, 2002: A global version of the PSU-NCAR mesoscale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2989–3007.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, S.-Y. Hong, and K.-S. Lim, 2008: A new method for representing mixed-phase particle fall speeds in bulk microphysics parameteriza-tions. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86, 33–44.
  Google Scholar
• Fu, Q., and K. N. Liou, 1992: On the correlated k-distribution method for radiative transfer in nonhomogeneous atmospheres. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2139–2156.
  Article Google Scholar
• Grell, G. A., 1993: Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764–787.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, and S. Freitas, 2013: Development and applications of a stochastic convective parameterization for a smooth transition to cloud resolving scales that includes aerosol interactions. Geophys. Res. Abs., 15, EGU2013–11198.
  Google Scholar
• Han, J., and H.-L. Pan, 2011: Revision of convection and vertical diffusion schemes in the NCEP global forecast system. Wea. Forecasting, 26, 520–533.
  Article Google Scholar
• Hong, S.-Y., and J. Dudhia, 2012: Next-generation numerical weather prediction: Bridging parameterization, explicit clouds, and large eddies. Meeting Summaries. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, January, online.
• —, —, and S.-H. Chen, 2004: A revised approach to ice-microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of cloud and precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 103–120.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, H.-M. Juang, and Q. Zhao, 1998: Implementation of prognostic cloud scheme for a regional spectral model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2621–2639.
  Google Scholar
• —, and J.-O. J. Lim, 2006: The WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6). J. Korean Meteor. Soc., 42, 129–151.
  Google Scholar
• —, Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318–2341.
  Google Scholar
• —, and H.-L. Pan, 1996: Nonlocal boundary layer vertical diffusion in a medium-range forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2322–2339.
  Google Scholar
• Hsie, E.-Y., R. A. Anthes, and D. Keyser, 1984: Numerical simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2581–2594.
  Article Google Scholar
• Janjic, Z. I., 1994: The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927–945.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, 2003: A nonhydrostatic model based on a new approach. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 82, 271–285.
  Article Google Scholar
• Jimenez, P. A., and J. Dudhia, 2012: Improving the representation of resolved and unresolved topographic effects on surface wind in the WRF model. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 51, 300–316.
  Article Google Scholar
• Juang, H.-M., and S.-Y. Hong, 2010: Forward semi-Lagrangian advection with mass conservation and positive definiteness for falling hydro-meteors. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 1778–1791.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, —, and M. Kanamitsu, 1997: The NCEP regional spectral model: an update. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2125–2143.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and its application in convective parameteriza-tion. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784–2802.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kessler, E., 1969: On the distribution and continuity of water substance in atmospheric circulations. Meteor. Monogr., 32, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84 pp.
  Google Scholar
• Klemp, J. B., W. C. Skamarock, and J. Dudhia, 2007: Conservative split-explicit time integration methods for the compressible nonhydrostatic equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2897–2913.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1978: The simulation of three-dimensional convective storm dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1070–1096.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kuo, Y.-H, and R. A. Anthes, 1984: Semiprognostic tests of Kuo-type cumulus parameterization schemes in an extratropical convective system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1498–1509.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kuo, H. L., 1974: Further studies of the parameterization of the influence of cumulus convection on large-scale flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1232–1240.
  Article Google Scholar
• Lebo, Z. J., and H. Morrison, 2013: A novel Scheme for parameterizing aerosol processing in warm clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3576–3598.
  Article Google Scholar
• Liang, X.-Z., and Coauthors, 2012: Regional Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting Model (CWRF). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 1363–1387.
  Article Google Scholar
• Lim, K.-S. S., and S.-Y. Hong, 2010: Development of an effective double-moment cloud microphysics scheme with prognostic cloud conden-sation nuclei (CCN) for weather and climate models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 1587–1612.
  Article Google Scholar
• Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065–1092.
  Article Google Scholar
• Louis, J. F., 1979: A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmo-sphere. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 17, 187–202.
  Article Google Scholar
• Mahrt, L. T., and J. Sun, 1995: The subgrid velocity scale in the bulk aerodynamic relationship for spatially averaged scalar fluxes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 3032–3041.
  Article Google Scholar
• McGregor, J. L., L. M. Leslie, and D. J. Gauntlett, 1978: The ANMRC limited-area model: Consolidated formulation and operational results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 427–438.
  Article Google Scholar
• Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, 1974: A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1791–1806.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, and —, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys., 20(4), 851–875.
  Article Google Scholar
• Miller, M. J., and R. P. Pearce, 1974: A three-dimensional primitive equation model of cumulonimbus convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 100, 133–154.
  Article Google Scholar
• Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough, 1997: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16663–16682.
  Article Google Scholar
• Moeng, C.-H., J. Dudhia, J. Klemp, and P. Sullivan, 2007: Examining two-way grid nesting for large eddy simulations of the PBL using the WRF model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2295–2311.
  Article Google Scholar
• Morrison, H., G. Thompson, and V. Tatarskii, 2009: Impact of cloud micro-physics on the development of trailing stratiform precipitation in a simulated squall line: Comparison of one- and two-moment schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 991–1007.
  Article Google Scholar
• Nakanishi, M., and H. Niino, 2006: An improved Mellor-Yamada level 3 model: its numerical stability and application to a regional prediction of advecting fog. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 119, 397–407.
  Article Google Scholar
• Pincus, R., R. Hemler, and S. A. Klein, 2006: Using stochastically gen-erated subcolumns to represent cloud structure in a large-scale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 3644–3656.
  Article Google Scholar
• Pleim, J. E., 2007: A combined local and nonlocal closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer. Part I: Model description and testing. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 1396–1409.
  Article Google Scholar
• Reisner, J., R. M. Rasmussen, and R. T. Bruintjes, 1998: Explicit fore-casting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1071–1107.
  Article Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Arias, J. A., J. Dudhia, F. J. Santos-Alamillos, and D. Pozo-Vaìzquez (2013), Surface clear-sky shortwave radiative closure intercomparisons in the Weather Research and Forecasting model. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 9901–9913.
  Article Google Scholar
• Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1983: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. VIII: A model for the “seeder-feeder” process in warm-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1185–1206.
  Google Scholar
• Saito, K., J. I. Ishida, K. Aranami, T. Hara, T. Segawa, M. Narita, and Y. Honda, 2007: Nonhydrostatic atmospheric models and operational development at JMA. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 85B, 271–304.
  Article Google Scholar
• Sellers, P. J., Y. Mintz, Y. C. Sud, and A. Dalcher, 1986: A simple bio-sphere model (SIB) for use within general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 505–531.
  Article Google Scholar
• Shuman, F. G., 1989: History of numerical weather prediction at the National Meteorological Center. Wea. Forecasting, 4, 286–296.
  Article Google Scholar
• Siebesma, A. P., P. M. M. Soares, and J. Teixeira, 2007: A combined eddy-diffusivity mass-flux approach for the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1230–1248.
  Article Google Scholar
• Skamarock, W. C., J. B. Klemp, M. G. Duda, L. D. Fowler, S.-H. Park, and T. D. Ringler, 2012: A multiscale nonhydrostatic atmospheric model using centroidal Voronoi tesselations and C-Grid staggering. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 3090–3105.
  Article Google Scholar
• Stull, R. B., 1984: Transilient Turbulence Theory. Part I: The concept of eddy-mixing across finite distances. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3351–3367.
  Google Scholar
• Sukoriansky, S., B. Galperin, and V. Perov, 2005: Application of a new spectral model of stratified turbulence to the atmospheric boundary layer over sea ice. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 117, 231–257.
  Article Google Scholar
• Tanguay, M. A., A. Robert, and R. Laprise, 1990: A semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian fully compressible regional forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1970–1980.
  Article Google Scholar
• Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, and M. McCumber, 1989: An ice-water saturation adjustment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 231–235.
  Article Google Scholar
• Tapp, M. C., and P. W. White, 1976: A non-hydrostatic mesoscale model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 277–296.
  Article Google Scholar
• Thompson, G., and T. Eidhammer, 2014: A study of aerosol impacts on clouds and precipitation development in a large winter cyclone. Accepted by J. Atmos. Sci.,January 2014.
  Google Scholar
• —, P. R. Field, R. M. Rasmussen, and W. D. Hall, 2008: Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part II: Implementation of a new snow parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 5095–5115.
  Google Scholar
• Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779–1800.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, W. A. Heckley, and J. Slingo, 1988: Tropical forecasting at ECMWF: The influence of physical parametrization on the mean structure of forecasts and analyses. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 639–664.
  Article Google Scholar
• Tripoli, G. J., and W. R. Cotton, 1982: The Colorado State University three-dimensional cloud / mesoscale model-1982. Part I: General theoretical framework and sensitivity experiments. J. Rech. Atmos., 16, 185–220.
  Google Scholar
• Troen, I., and L. Mahrt, 1986: A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer; sensitivity to surface evaporation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 37, 129–148.
  Article Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. F., A. Henderson-Sellers, R. E. Dickinson, and P. J. Kennedy, 1987: Sensitivity of the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) to the inclusion of variable soil characteristics. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 341–362.
  Article Google Scholar
• Xue, M., K. K. Droegemeier, V. Wong, A. Shapiro, and K. Brewster, 1995: Advanced Regional Prediction System, Version 4.0. Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, 380 pp.
  Google Scholar
• Zhang, D.-L., and R. A. Anthes, 1982: A high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer-sensitivity tests and comparisons with SESAME-79 data. J. Appl. Meteorol., 21, 1594–1609.
  Article Google Scholar
• —, H.-R. Chang, N. L. Seaman, T. T. Warner, and J. M. Fritsch, 1986: A two-way interactive nesting procedure with variable terrain resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1330–1339.
  Article Google Scholar

Download references